![Radar: The Basics
PHASE FREQ.
MEASUREMENT
DELAY REFLECTION
INTENSITY [1]
[1] Richards 2005
3](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/literatureseminartogtemathursmay24gregpcsconflictedcopy20120523-13397064019009-phpapp01-120614154450-phpapp01/85/Presentation-for-Advanced-Detection-and-Remote-Sensing-Radar-Systems-3-320.jpg)
![2.3 Physical Optics
KIRCHOFF APPROXIMATION [Asvestas ’79]
[Ufimtsev ’78 /
PHYS. THEORY OF DIFF. Michaeli 95]
Phys.
Optics TIME DOMAIN PO [Sun ’94]
ANTENNA PATTERNS [Ishimaru
1991]
µ-WAVE INTERCONNECTS [Obelleirobasteiro ’95]
14](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/literatureseminartogtemathursmay24gregpcsconflictedcopy20120523-13397064019009-phpapp01-120614154450-phpapp01/85/Presentation-for-Advanced-Detection-and-Remote-Sensing-Radar-Systems-14-320.jpg)
![2.4 Finite Difference Time Domain
COMPLEX SHAPES
IMPERFECT CONDUCTORS
FINITE
DIFF.
RESISTIVE MATERIALS [Ge ’08]
ROUGH SURFACES [Zeng 2010]
15](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/literatureseminartogtemathursmay24gregpcsconflictedcopy20120523-13397064019009-phpapp01-120614154450-phpapp01/85/Presentation-for-Advanced-Detection-and-Remote-Sensing-Radar-Systems-15-320.jpg)
![2.5 Method of Moments:
Applications
SEMINAL PAPER [GLISSON 1982]
WIRES & SURFACES [Gibson 2008]
ACCURACY [Wernick ‘00]
LITER-
ATURE
STEALTH AIRCRAFTS [Liu 2010]
PRINTED ANTENNAS [Alatan 1999]
G.P.R.
[Chen 2007]
19](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/literatureseminartogtemathursmay24gregpcsconflictedcopy20120523-13397064019009-phpapp01-120614154450-phpapp01/85/Presentation-for-Advanced-Detection-and-Remote-Sensing-Radar-Systems-19-320.jpg)
![2.6 Solving System ( Z a = b )
BiCG
GAUSS [3]
ELIM. AIM
Conj. [6]
Gradient
[1] [2]
CGS
[4]
SOLUTION
FMM
[7]
MLFMA
LU [8]
DECOMP.
FFT
[5]
N 3
N 2 N logN
N - # patches 20](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/literatureseminartogtemathursmay24gregpcsconflictedcopy20120523-13397064019009-phpapp01-120614154450-phpapp01/85/Presentation-for-Advanced-Detection-and-Remote-Sensing-Radar-Systems-20-320.jpg)
![2.6 Solving System ( Z a = b )
BiCG
GAUSS [3]
[1] Stratton ’81
ELIM. AIM
Conj.
Gradient [2] Sarkar [6]
’86
[1] [2]
CGS [3] Lanczos ’52
[4]
SOLUTION [4] Sonneveld ‘89
FMM
[5] Sarkar [7]
’86
MLFMA
LU [6] Bleszynski ‘96 [8]
DECOMP.
FFT Coifman ’93
[7]
N 3 N 2 [5]
N
[8] Song ‘97 logN
N - # patches 21](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/literatureseminartogtemathursmay24gregpcsconflictedcopy20120523-13397064019009-phpapp01-120614154450-phpapp01/85/Presentation-for-Advanced-Detection-and-Remote-Sensing-Radar-Systems-21-320.jpg)
![3.3 Current Generator Operator
Orthogonal Huygen’s Divergence Harmonic
Harmonics [1] Theorem Coefficients
BOUNDARY INCIDENT
CONDITIONS FIELD
[1] Ishimaru, 1991 26
Image: Wikipedia (ripple tank)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/literatureseminartogtemathursmay24gregpcsconflictedcopy20120523-13397064019009-phpapp01-120614154450-phpapp01/85/Presentation-for-Advanced-Detection-and-Remote-Sensing-Radar-Systems-26-320.jpg)
![3.3 Others who have used
Spherical Harmonics
FMM + SPHER. HARM. [Eibert 2005]
LITERATURE PATTERN EQ’N METHOD [Kyurkchan 00]
APPLICATIONS OF MIE THEORY
28](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/literatureseminartogtemathursmay24gregpcsconflictedcopy20120523-13397064019009-phpapp01-120614154450-phpapp01/85/Presentation-for-Advanced-Detection-and-Remote-Sensing-Radar-Systems-28-320.jpg)
Presentation for Advanced Detection and Remote Sensing: Radar Systems
- 1. Radar Simulation Techniques A Revision of an Integral Backscatter Calculation Method Greg Togtema H. El-Ocla, S. Pichardo, C. Christoffersen 1
- 2. Radar: The Basics 2 Image: sciencephoto.com
- 3. Radar: The Basics PHASE FREQ. MEASUREMENT DELAY REFLECTION INTENSITY [1] [1] Richards 2005 3
- 4. Areas of Focus RE- ASU T ME EN M HER W EAT NSE D EFE ati o ns Ap plic Img src: Raytheon 4 newspaper.li, Peteryu.com
- 5. For this Presentation: 1. WHY SIMULATE? 2. HOW TO SIMULATE Outline 3. A NEW WAY TO SIMULATE 4. PROVING THE METHOD 5
- 6. 1. WHY SIMULATE? 1.1 System Complexity 1.2 Target Complexity 2. HOW TO SIMULATE 2.1 The Scattering Process 2.2 Current Density 2.3 Physical Optics 2.4 Finite Differences 2.5 Integral Equations / M.O.M. 2.6 Linear Solutions 3. A NEW WAY TO SIMULATE 3.1 The Current Generator Method 3.2 Spherical Harmonics 3.3 Formulation 3.4 Random Media 4. PROVING THE METHOD 4.1 Thesis Roadmap 6
- 7. Part 1: Motivation of Simulation Project 7
- 8. 1.1 Advanced Measurement System SYSTEM BEAM FORMING COMPLEXITY CLUTTER 8
- 9. 1.2 Target Complexity MULTIPLE SCATTERING RESONANCE PHENOMENA SPECULAR oreex M pl REFLECTION Com 1 Williams et. al. (Ansys) 9 Microwave Journal, 2012
- 10. Part 2: Existing Simulation Techniques 10
- 11. 2.1 The Scattering Process WAVE INCIDENCE CURRENT DENSITY RE-RADIATION Image Source: 11 Smart Fish™ Promotional Material
- 12. 2.2 Finding The Current PHYSICAL INTEGRAL FINITE OPTICS EQUATIONS DIFF. 12
- 13. 2.3 Physical Optics J=nxH J = zero See Ishimaru 1991 13
- 14. 2.3 Physical Optics KIRCHOFF APPROXIMATION [Asvestas ’79] [Ufimtsev ’78 / PHYS. THEORY OF DIFF. Michaeli 95] Phys. Optics TIME DOMAIN PO [Sun ’94] ANTENNA PATTERNS [Ishimaru 1991] µ-WAVE INTERCONNECTS [Obelleirobasteiro ’95] 14
- 15. 2.4 Finite Difference Time Domain COMPLEX SHAPES IMPERFECT CONDUCTORS FINITE DIFF. RESISTIVE MATERIALS [Ge ’08] ROUGH SURFACES [Zeng 2010] 15
- 16. 2.4 Insufficient Methods Poor Performance ACCURACY SPEED (PO) (FD) 16
- 17. 2.5 Integral Equations Integral Equation Types Electric COMBINED Magnetic (E.F.I.E.) (C.F.I.E.) (M.F.I.E.) Source: 17 Gibson Text, 2008
- 18. 2.5 Method of Moments (MOM) ZIJ MATRIX ZIJ (Za = b) Z: Transfer Fcn Matrix ZIJ a: Current Density b: Incident Field i,j: Matrix Indices 18
- 19. 2.5 Method of Moments: Applications SEMINAL PAPER [GLISSON 1982] WIRES & SURFACES [Gibson 2008] ACCURACY [Wernick ‘00] LITER- ATURE STEALTH AIRCRAFTS [Liu 2010] PRINTED ANTENNAS [Alatan 1999] G.P.R. [Chen 2007] 19
- 20. 2.6 Solving System ( Z a = b ) BiCG GAUSS [3] ELIM. AIM Conj. [6] Gradient [1] [2] CGS [4] SOLUTION FMM [7] MLFMA LU [8] DECOMP. FFT [5] N 3 N 2 N logN N - # patches 20
- 21. 2.6 Solving System ( Z a = b ) BiCG GAUSS [3] [1] Stratton ’81 ELIM. AIM Conj. Gradient [2] Sarkar [6] ’86 [1] [2] CGS [3] Lanczos ’52 [4] SOLUTION [4] Sonneveld ‘89 FMM [5] Sarkar [7] ’86 MLFMA LU [6] Bleszynski ‘96 [8] DECOMP. FFT Coifman ’93 [7] N 3 N 2 [5] N [8] Song ‘97 logN N - # patches 21
- 22. Part 3: A New Way to Simulate: The Current Generator Method 22
- 23. 3.1 The Current Generator Method Wave R Equation θ 23
- 24. 3.1 The Current Generator Method R θ Wave Equation φ 24
- 25. 3.2 Spherical Harmonic Decomposition See Q. Wang, 2008 for 25 rigorous decomposition
- 26. 3.3 Current Generator Operator Orthogonal Huygen’s Divergence Harmonic Harmonics [1] Theorem Coefficients BOUNDARY INCIDENT CONDITIONS FIELD [1] Ishimaru, 1991 26 Image: Wikipedia (ripple tank)
- 27. 3.3 Final Result REVISED CURRENT GENERATOR METHOD G. Togtema, H. El-Ocla, “Fast Calculation of 3D Conductive Target Backscatter…” submitted to IEEE Antennas and Prop. 27
- 28. 3.3 Others who have used Spherical Harmonics FMM + SPHER. HARM. [Eibert 2005] LITERATURE PATTERN EQ’N METHOD [Kyurkchan 00] APPLICATIONS OF MIE THEORY 28
- 29. 3.4 CGM and Random Media K ENCE ACTER B T INCID SCA ( To Coherent Detector ) See: Wolf 2002 29 (J. Opt. Soc. Am)
- 30. 3.4 The Effects of Random Media Gain due to R.M. SHAPE A Function POLAR- of… IZATION CREEP. R.M. WAVES Figure: Scattering normalized w.r.t. no random media as a function of wave number, Image: (k) 30 El-Ocla, 2007
- 31. Part 4: Proving the Current Generator Method 31
- 32. 4.1 CGM Roadmap CGM Formulation Functional Computation Accuracy Demonstration Time Image: A. Sourin. 32 SV Journal (2010)
- 33. 4.2 Potential Application & Future Work Tetrahedral Mesh Image: Li 2003, 33 Comp. Env. Urb. Sys.
- 34. Thank you! 34