Presentation - OECD workshop on the performance of utilities for wastewater - DG ENV
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The document outlines revisions to the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive by the European Commission, highlighting improvements in wastewater treatment standards, governance, and transparency. Key changes include stricter nutrient removal standards, enhanced monitoring mechanisms, and new guidelines for energy use and circular economy practices in wastewater management. The proposal aims to balance operational costs, public funding, and affordability while promoting effective water treatment and environmental protection.
Presentation - OECD workshop on the performance of utilities for wastewater - DG ENV
- 1. Revision of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive DG ENV European Commission
- 2. 81% of the pollution treated in plants above 10.000 p.e. 46% above 100.000 p.e. Source: European Commission, 2022, UWWTD IA Source: OECD, 2020, Financing Water Supply, Sanitation and Flood Protection Wastewater = public competence + “captive market” Mainly reactive to legal requirements Costs covered by mix of water tariffs (70%) and public budgets (30%) EU wastewater sector
- 3. The Directive Collection Treatment Monitoring & Reporting Lessons learnt Effective tool – Tangible impacts Simple and targeted instrument Carrot and stick Benefits >>> costs Room for improvement Remaining pollution Eutrophication Energy use, sludge management Governance – transparency/reporting Coherence with other legislation Source: European Commission, 2019, UWWTD Evaluation UWWTD - Evaluation
- 4. What is new? - Water Quality Rain waters (Art 5/Annex 5) Integrated management Indicative objective Hierarchy of actions Smaller cities (Art. 3 and 4) From 2.000 to 1.000 inhabitants EU standards + more control for small individual treatment plants Nutrients (Art. 7) Reinforced standards for N/P removal Applied in more areas And for all facilties above 100.000 pe Micropollutants (Art. 8) New emission standards Risk based approach • Large agglo / facilities first • Smaller (above 10.000 pe)- only where there is a risk
- 5. 5 EPR – in practice Member States Wastewater operators Producer Organisations (PRO) European Union Harmonised rules: Full cost coverage, fees calculation Control mechanisms Monitoring results Recognition Control Contracts, invoices Auditors Statistics, contributions Producers Importers Control statistics, accounts Reporting
- 6. What is new? - Energy & Climate, Circular Economy ENERGY, CLIMATE • Energy Audits > 10.000 p.e. (Art. 11) • Energy neutrality by 2040 • Monitoring GHG emissions CIRCULAR ECONOMY • Track at source (Art. 14) • Systematically consider water re- use (Art. 15) • Sludge with waste hierarchy + DA on recycling re-use for N/P (Art. 20) DA = Delegated Act
- 7. Operational costs – EU wastewater operators Transparency, Performance Polluters pays Health, access to sanitation Monitoring & Reporting Coherence Problem definition – Governance Source: OECD, 2022, Transparency and the performance of wastewater collection and treatment services
- 8. What is new? - Governance Transparency Information to the public Access to justice, compensations and penalties (IED) Monitoring & Reporting National/EEA dataset regularly updated National programmes reported only if non compliance Access to sanitation Vulnerable and marginalised people Access in cities Health Cooperation of health/water authorities Covid and anti- microbial resistance monitoring
- 9. Information to the public, supporting performance Direct information to customers connected to the wastewater system annually e.g. invoicing: • Compliance with collection and treatment requirements • Volume of wastewater collected and treated for the household / entity • Price of collection and treatment for the customer per litre and per m3 • Comparison of annual customer discharges User friendly information to the public online, up-to- date, at agglomeration level
- 10. Performance indicators for clean water services (1/2) Proposal for UWWTD Recast DWD Normalisation factors - Agglomeration: • Total load (p.e.) % collected, % treated, % IS. • Justification: load not collected or treated Normalisation factors - Water supply: • Area, number of people supplied, how water is produced and treated Quality of discharged wastewater: • WWTPs - annual average concentration, pollutant loads • IS – pollutant load estimate • SWO and urban runoff – pollutant load estimate Quality of drinking water supplied: • Monitoring results • Monitoring frequency • Including indicator parameters, hardness, Ca, Mg, K Towards energy and climate neutrality: • Energy per cubic metre treated, per WWTP • Renewable energy produced/avoided, per WWTP • Tonnes of CO2 produced / avoided, per WWTP • GHG emissions produced/avoided, per agglomeration Water supply system efficiency and protection of water resources: • Leakage assessment • Reported leakage rates • Leakage action plan • Compliance: • For collection and treatment requirements • Comparison with set limit values Compliance: • Exceedance of parametric values • Information on potential danger to health • Health and consumption advice • Risk assessment of supply systems
- 11. Performance indicators for clean water services (2/2) Proposal for UWWTD Recast DWD Transparency: • Competent authority, wastewater operator, ownership structure Transparency: • Water supplier, ownership structure Collection and treatment costs: • Total investment costs • Total annual operational costs • Average annual costs capex and opex, per household and m3 Investment plans, with foreseen impacts on costs and benefits Water supply costs: • Total costs • Variable costs • Costs related to access for water Cost recovery and prices: • Structure of tariff per cubic metre collected and treated • Breakdown of costs for collection, treatment, administration etc. Cost recovery and prices: • Structure of tariff per cubic metre supplied • Price of water supplied, per litre and cubic metre Quality of service: • Customer complaints Quality of service: • Customer complaints • Customer advice - reduction of water consumption, avoid health risks
- 12. Costs coverage, Affordability Share of water expenditures in households' disposable income (2011- 2015 average) Source: OECD based on Eurostat Water tariffs (1,8 bn/year by 2040) • Average increase 2,3% in 2040 • Affordability not endangered Public Budget - (0,8 bn/year by 2040) • EU funds for water: EUR 2 bn/year • Average public budget for water: EUR 30 bn/year Producer responsibility (1,2 bn/year by 2040) • 0,5 to 0,9% max reduction of profit margins •Or 0,6% max of annual expenses (2,7 € year/person max) Total Costs: EUR 3,8 billion/year in 2040 Total monetized benefits: EUR 6,6 bn/year in 2040 Now: 70% water tariffs and 30% public budget Proposal: 3 sources of financing
- 13. Next steps Transposition into Member States Laws Final text approved Council and Parliament Proposal of the Commission
- 14. Thank you!
- 15. Source: JRC 2022 Remaining loads - 100,000,000 200,000,000 300,000,000 BOD Nitrogen Phosphorus E.Coli Micro pollutants Population equivalent per year SWO Urban run off Non Compliant IAS Compliant IAS Small Agglo Non compliant load
- 16. Nutrients, micro pollutants Loads of N (tonnes/year) to EU regional seas by source (JRC) Number of pharmaceuticals detected in surface, ground or drinking water. Source: Aus der Beek et al., 2015
- 17. Green Deal Annual electricity used vs size of treatment plants, source: Ganora et al, 2019 - 2,000,000 4,000,000 6,000,000 8,000,00010,000,000 12,000,000 14,000,000 16,000,000 Infrastructures Effluents Process Energy use GHG emissions - Waste Water (EU 27, tons CO2e/year) GHG emission from waste water sector – EU 27, source JRC 2022 Sewage sludge reuse in EU-28 in the period 2012-2016 (% of sewage sludge reused in soil and agriculture