presentation on knowledge management
- 2. ESSENCE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: The central theme of Knowledge Management is to leverage and use knowledge resources that already exist in the organization so that people will seek out best practices rather than reinvent the wheel. Knowledge Management is a process that, systematically and continuously, transfers knowledge from individual and teams, who generate them, to the brain of the organisation for the benefit of the entire organization. It is the systematic, explicit and deliberate building, renewal and application of knowledge to maximize an enterprise’s knowledge-related effectiveness and returns from its knowledge assets.
- 4. “DIKW” HIERARCHY Where is the Life we have lost in living? Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in information? T.S. Eliot, "The Rock", Faber & Faber 1934
- 5. What is KNOWLEDGE?? According to DAVENPORT AND PRUSAK,” Knowledge is the fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, expert insight and grounded intuition that provides an environment of framework for evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information.”
- 6. TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE It is an understanding of how to do a task or carry out a procedure. It is knowledge contained in the application of a procedure. For e.g.– riding a bike, preparing food, using gadgets.
- 7. •DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE: It is the one which can be explicitly described and discussed. It usually resides in the short term memory. For e.g.– Electrical system of a car; If the headlights are dim, then battery is faulty.
- 8. oSEMANTIC KNOWLEDGE: It is the hierarchically organized knowledge of concepts, facts and relationships among facts. o For e.g.- House address, ATM PIN, Way to a particular place etc….
- 9. oEPISODIC KNOWLEDGE: It is that knowledge which is organized by temporal spatial means, not by concepts of relations. It is highly compiled and autobiographical and is not easy to extract or capture. o For e.g.-Day you met with an accident, the first day of your college, child’s first birthday etc…..
- 11. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS LIFE CYCLE(KMSLC): “It must be remembered that there is nothing more difficult to plan, more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to manage than a new system. For the initiator has the enmity of all who would profit by the preservation of the old institution and merely lukewarm defenders in those who gain by the new ones” - MACHIAVELLI
- 13. IMPLICATIONS FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: 1. An organization considering a KM system as part of its information systems environment must make a commitment to user education and training prior to building the system . Knowledge sharing is not that straightforward in many organizations. 2. Top management should be approached with facts about the costs and benefits of the proposed KM system. 3. If a KM system is anywhere on the organization’s horizon, human resources or the IT department should begin training knowledge developers and others who have the potential to do knowledge engineering. 4. Domain experts must be recognized and rewarded in ways that make them feel it is worth their time to cooperate. 5. For an organization to anticipate its future technology needs, it is extremely important to do long-range strategic planning. Such planning can help the firm to attain its desired outcomes. Introducing leading- edge technology such as KM systems can help the organization to achieve competitive advantage.
- 14. NONAKA’S MODEL OF KNOWLEDGE CREATION AND TRANSFORMATION
- 15. KNOWLEDGE CAPTURE TECHNIQUES: The goal of tacit knowledge capture is to extract problem-solving knowledge from the human expert in order to build a KM system. The scope of the domain should contain common-sense knowledge ,and the resulting KM system must be a manageable size. Various techniques used in capturing knowledge are:
- 16. CONTD……. 1.INTERVIEW 2.ON-SITE OBSERVATION 3.BRAINSTORMING 4.PROTOCOL ANALYSIS 5.SCENARIO 6.CONSENSUS DECISION MAKING 7.THE REPERTORY GRID 8.NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE 9.DELPHI METHOD 10.CONCEPT MAPPING
- 17. KNOWLEDGE CODIFICATION It is organizing and representing knowledge before it is accessed by authorized personnel. It is making institutional knowledge VISIBLE, ACCESSIBLE AND USABLE for decision making. It involves conversion of “TACIT KNOWLEDGE” into “EXPLICIT” usable form.
- 18. BENEFITS : Instruction/Training-promoting training of junior personnel based on captured knowledge of senior employees. Prediction- inferring the likely outcome of a given situation and flashing a proper warning or suggestion for a corrective action. Diagnosis-addressing identifiable symptoms of specific causal factors. Planning/Scheduling- mapping out an entire course of action before any steps are taken.
- 19. SOME CODIFICATION TOOLS: Knowledge Maps Decision Tables Decision Tree Frames Production Rules Case-based Reasoning
- 20. The MYTHS OF knowledge management: 1. KM is a fad. 2. KM and Data Warehousing are essentially the same. 3. KM is a new concept . 4. KM is a mere technology. 5. KM is another form of reengineering. 6. KM works only within an organization. 7. It is a “NO BRAINER” to share what you know.
- 22. KM Initiative: TATA STEEL decided to embark on formal KM initiative in the year 1999.The beginning was made in July’99 to place a knowledge management programme for the company to systematically and formally share and transfer learning concepts, best practices and other implicit knowledge. Tata steel’s knowledge management initiative is driven by its corporate KM group which attempts to cover all possible opportunities of knowledge generation in and outside the steel works.
- 23. The primary sources being: Day-to-day operation Learning from failure Papers published by employees(national and international publications) Task force/consultant/technical groups Engineering Project Knowledge sharing across the value chain.
- 24. Phases of knowledge management initiatives at TATA STEEL Awareness Process Design System Design Launch of KM Portal Success Stories KNOWLEDGE MANTHAN Quality index introduced KM Index introduced Community index introduced “ASK EXPERT” launched Knowledge Communities formed Security Systems introduced Linked KM with PMS PHASE-2 (2000- 2001) PHASE-3 (2001- 2003) PHASE-1 (1999- 2000) PHASE-4 (2004- 2005)
- 25. BENEFITS OF KM: Reduced R & D Expenditure. Duplication of ideas reduced. Building of knowledge culture in the organization. In 2005,Tata Steel won the first MAKE India award. It has also earned a distinction among Indian companies to be selected twice as a best practice partner by American Productivity and Quality Center(APQC) for its KM process. o Reduced Costs and Revenues.
- 26. “VISION WITHOUT ACTION IS MERELY A DREAM”. ACTION WITHOUT VISION JUST PASSES THE TIME. VISION WITH ACTION CAN CHANGE THE WORLD”. CONCLUSION Joel Arthur Barker
- 27. REFERENCES: Elias M.Awad & Hassan M.Ghaziri,(2003),”KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT”. WIKIPEDIA.
Editor's Notes
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