Presentation on mini project
- 1. A SEMINAR (16MTP107P) ON “MINI PROJECT” “ Production of Biogas from Anaerobic Digester” Submitted in Partial fulfillment for the requirements of 1st Sem M.Tech – Thermal power Engineering Submitted by SAGAR M N (20357) Under the Guidance of Internal guide Mr. ARUN KUMAR G L Assistant Professor. Mechanical Department External guide Dr. Madhusudhan Professor and head Mechanical department DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 1
- 2. • Introduction • Aim and Scope of work • Methodology • Details of experimental work • Experiments conducted • Test results and discussion • Conclusions • References 2
- 3. Production of Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion 3
- 4. “What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves and to one another.” Mahatma Gandhi “A nation that destroys its soils destroys itself. Forests are the lungs of our land, purifying the air and giving fresh strength to our people.” Franklin D. Roosevelt 4
- 5. What is BioGas Biomass is a scientific term for living matter, but the word biomass is also used to denote products derived from living organisms - wood from trees, harvested grasses, plant parts and residues such as twigs, stems and leaves, as well as aquatic plants and animal wastes. Solar energy ---> photosynthesis ---) Biomass energy 5
- 6. • Wet lands. • SewageSludge. • Landfills. • Plant Material. • Animal Waste. 6
- 7. • Improved Technologyin systemshaslead to reliability. • Goodway to managemanuregiventhe odor andenvironmental concerns associatedwith manure. • Potential to sell credits to utilities and utilities continue interest in green energy. 7
- 8. Digester is a vessel or container where the biogas process takes place. Bacteria breaks down manure or other waste products to create biogas. 8
- 9. produce its own power and heat, and therefore save money; reduce greenhouse gases related to livestock manure and energy consumption; reduce the strong odors associated with the use of untreated manure as fertilizer; minimize the need to transport the organic inputs for treatment to the proximity of on-site facilities. 9
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- 12. • Water bottle 20 liter. • Pipe • ¾ pvc pipe • T-valve • Funnel • Tyre tube. 12
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- 15. Hydrolysis: In this stage, the fats, starches and proteins contained in cellulosic biomass are broken down into simple compounds such as sugars, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and amino acids. Acidogenesis: In this stage, the further breakdown of the remaining components by acidogenic (fermentative) bacteria takes place. Here VFAs are created along with ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide as well as other by products. The process of acid genesis is similar to the process of milk souring. 15
- 16. Acetogenesis: In this stage, the simple molecules created through the acid genesis phase are further digested by acetones to produce largely acetic acid as well as carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Methanogenesis: In this stage, the organic acids are converted into methane (CH4), CO2 and water by the bacteria, which are strictly anaerobes. These bacteria are termed methane fermentors. For efficient digestion these acid formers and methane fermentors must remain in a state of dynamic equilibrium. This equilibrium condition decides the efficiency of biogas generation, 16
- 17. Biogas resulting by anaerobic digestion is a source of renewable energy because it replaces fossil energy. Reduction of pollution due to nitrogen stripping. Sustainable management of organic waste. Autonomy in heat in a context of increase in the cost of fossil energies. 17
- 18. When carried out at a commercial scale on farms and at wastewater treatment works it requires a high level of investment in large tanks and other process vessels. If run inefficiently AD can cause an odour nuisance. 18
- 19. Biogas is an important renewable energy resource for rural areas in India. It is an environment friendly, clean, cheap and versatile fuel. Biogas like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cannot be liquefied under normal temperature and pressure. To make biogas suitable for automobile application, the enriched biogas was compressed up to 20.0MPa after moisture removal and filled in special high pressure seamless steel cylinders 19
- 20. MNES Report (2001) Renewable Energy in India and business opportunities. MNES (Ministry of Non- conventional Energy Sources), Government of India, New Delhi. http://www.barc.gov.in/technologies/kitchen/Kitchen .html http://www.barc.gov.in/akruti-tp/atp_nisar.html MIT Co Lab, Sustainable management of organic wet waste in developing cities. The 2nd Joint International Conference on “Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE 2006)” C-003 (O) 21-23 November 2006, Bangkok, Thailand 20
- 21. 21 THANK YOU