Presentation on process, pollution and control in textile industry
- 1. Process, Pollution & Pollution Control in Textile Industry.
- 2. Fiber Production Yarn Manufacturing Process or Spinning Process. Fabric Manufacturing Process or Weaving Process/Knitting Process Wet Processing or Dyeing, Printing, Finishing Process Garments Making Process Processes
- 3. Fiber Production & Pollution
- 4. Wool pollution: both agricultural and craft workers in the UK suffer from exposure to organophosphate sheep dip problem. Nylon and polyester - made from petrochemicals, these synthetics are also non-biodegradable, and so they are inherently unsustainable on two counts. Nylon manufacture creates nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas 310 times more potent than carbon dioxide. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF TEXTILE FIBRES
- 5. Cotton: – Cotton is the most pesticide intensive crop in the world: these pesticides injure and kill many people every year. It also takes up a large proportion of agricultural land, much of which is needed by local people to grow their own food. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF TEXTILE FIBRES
- 6. Yarn Production & Pollution
- 7. Simple gear Continuous gear train Chain drive Bevel drive Worm and worm wheel Variable drive Pawl drive Causes Of Noise Pollution In Spinning Mill:
- 8. Ginning factories discharge large amounts of cotton dust. Poor relative humidity follow-up the department. Blow down on blow off is the cleaning of equipment and surface with compressed air. Cleaning of clothing or floors with compressed air. Causes of Air Pollution-
- 9. Usage of spring loaded cans and carts as waste receptacles creating dust dispersion during comparison of the spring loaded bottoms. Poor working conditioning/procedures and cleaning methods. Improper handling of waste during transportation. Insufficient ventilation system. Causes of Air Pollution
- 10. Fabric Production & Pollution
- 11. Fabric is the material or cloth made from natural or man-made yarns using one of the following methods: – Weaving, layering warp and fill yarns, with three basic types of weaves: Plain Twill Satin Fabric Production
- 12. – Knitting, with one continuous yarn broken into two kinds of knits: Weft Warp – Nonwoven, where yarns are bonded or interlocked using mechanical, chemical, thermal, hydro or solvent. Fabric Production
- 13. Just Hilarious
- 14. Fast fashion uses innovative production and distribution models to dramatically shorten fashion cycles, sometimes getting a garment from the designer to the customer in a matter of a weeks instead of months Increased Production and Consumption
- 15. A polyester shirt has more than double the carbon footprint of a cotton shirt (5.5 kg vs. 2.1 kg, or 12.1 pounds vs 4.6 pounds). Polyester production for textiles released about 706 billion kg (1.5 trillion pounds) of greenhouse gases in 2015, the equivalent of 185 coal-fired power plants' annual emissions. Climate Change
- 16. Wet Processing
- 17. Dyeing Wet Processing Printing Finishing
- 18. Bangladesh boasts as the world’s number two garment exporter. – Every third European has a t-shirt made in Bangladesh on his back. – Every fifth American wears jeans manufactured in Bangladesh. – But this is not a story of how many million pieces we export. – This is a story of the invisible price we pay every time a jeans rolls out of a factory in Bangladesh. The western buyers little know how much water, that precious resource, was used to wash and dye his trousers. Water: Garments’ invisible price
- 19. – Every year 1,500 billion liters of water is used to dye and wash – According to International Finance Corporation. This is enough to fill up –600,000 Olympic swimming pools. Or, This same water can meet the demand of –8 lakh people for a whole year. Overuse of groundwater
- 20. Two things happen – As more and more water is pumped out, the water table goes down. We can find this actually happening in Dhaka where every year the water level is dropping by 2.5 percent. Outcome
- 22. Bangladesh uses 250 litres of water whereas the global standard is 60 to 70 litres for a single pair of jeans weighing 1kg. That is four times less than what we use. Experts say this use of water can be further reduced to 13.5 litres. Every year, around 21.6 million cubic metres of water were saved by the intervention of Partnership for Cleaner Textile (PaCT) programme of the IFC, which worked with 200 factories. A WAY OUT 21.6 million cubic metres water is what 804000 people consume in 1 year
- 23. Cleaner Production reduces water use from 174 to 52 litres/kg 70% less use of water in 2 years Partnership for Cleaner Textile (PaCT)
- 25. Bangladesh garment industry at a glance $28.14 billion from garment export in 2016 Global market share 6.4% RMG sector 82% of country’s total export 4.4 million workers 4000 garment factories $50bn export target by 2021
- 26. Garments Making • Fabric Processing • Pattern and Cutting • Value Addition • Sewing • Finish Product
- 27. Air Pollution Water Pollution Noise and Vibration Pollution. Garments Making Pollution are three groups:
- 28. In general, there are two type of source of noise generation, which creates noise pollution. 1. Dynamic source: These are due to air jet, international or periodic discharge of gas, fan noise, hydraulic pump noise, and combustion flow generation noise. 2. Mechanical source: These are due to impact of bearings and slide ways, tooth engagement of gears, electrically induced vibration in electric machines. Machine process such as sewing machine, cutting machine, generator etc. Source of noise pollution:
- 29. Cleaning of clothing or floors with compressed air is prohibited. Floor sweeping will be done by vacuum or other methods design to minimize the breathing of dust Waste will be handled by mechanical means. Manual handling should be limited as much as possible. Ventilation system should be inspected regularly. Complete enclosures around the room reduce the level of noise of noise from 30-60 dB. Vibration isolators prevent the generation of noise. Damping or foamed coating surface reduce the amplitude of noise. Prevention & Practice