presentation on TELECOM INDUSTRY BSNL

PRESENTED BY:
MD SAMIUDDIN
REG.NO:1210413432(4-D)
DEP:ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION(ECE)
GITAM UNIVERSITY

STORY OF BSNL:
 Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is an Indian state-owned
telecommunications company headquartered in New
Delhi.
 Chief executive officer of BSNL is shri anupam srivastava.
 The estimated revenue in the year 2014 is 297 billion(INR).
 Government of india is the founder of BSNL.
 BSNL was founded on september15,2000.
 Total assets of BSNL were estimated to be 893billion(INR).

COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES USED IN BSNL:
 Wired communication:
1. Optical fiber communication.
2. Telephone networks.
 Wireless communication:
1. Wireless antenna communication.
2. Wireless broad band communication.

Optical fiber communication:
 Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information
from one place to another by sending pulses of light through
an optical fiber.
 1950s: In London, England, Indian physicist Narinder Kapany (1927–)
and British physicist Harold Hopkins (1918–1994) managed to send a
simple picture down a light pipe made from thousands of glass fibers.
After publishing many scientific papers, Kapany earned a reputation
as the "father of fiber optics.
 A fiber-optic cable is made up of 100 or more incredibly thin strands
of glass or plastic known as optical fibers. Each one is less than a tenth
as thick as a human hair and can carry 10 million telephone calls. Fiber-
optic cables carry information between two places using entirely
optical (light-based) technology.

APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATION IN BSNL:
 TELECOMMUNICATIONS:
1. Long-distance telecommunications.
2. Inter exchange junction.
3. Fiber in the loop(FITL).
 VIDEO TRANSMISSION:
1. Television broadcast.
2. cable telivision(CATV).
3. Remote monitoring etc.
 BROAD BAND SERVICES.
 MILITARY APPLICATIONS.
 NON-COMMUNICATION FIBRE OPTIC:
Eg: fiber sensors

USES OF OPTICAL FIBER:
 Fiber optic can accommodate variety of needs.
 It can be used in communication , fiber optic sensor , illulumination
medical etc.
 Used in building to route sunlight from the roof to other parts of the
building.
 Optical fibers are used in flexible digital cameras.
 Fibers are used in public utility organizations like railways , TV
transmission etc.
 Fibers are used in military applications such as aircrafts , ships , tanks
etc.
 Fibers are used in LAN systems of offices , colleges , industrial plants
etc.

TELEPHONE NETWORKS:
 A telephone network is a telecommunications network used
for telephone calls between two or more parties. There are a number of
different types of telephone network: A landline network where
the telephones must be directly wired into a single telephone exchange.
 A telephone network is a telecommunication used for telephone
calls between two or more parties

Types of telephone networks:
 A landline network where the telephones must be directly wired into a
single telephone exchange. This is known as the public switched
telephone network or PSTN.
 A wireless network where the telephones are mobile and can move
around anywhere within the coverage area.
 A private network where a closed group of telephones are connected
primarily to each other and use a gateway to reach the outside world.
This is usually used inside companies and call centres and is called
a private branch exchange (PBX).

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION:
 Wireless communication is the transfer of
information or power between two or more points that are not
connected by an electrical conductor.
 The most common wireless technologies use radio. With radio waves
distances can be short, such as a few meters for television or as far as
thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-space radio
communications

ANTENNA COMMUNICATION:
 An antenna or aerial, is an electrical device which
converts electric power into radio waves, and vice
versa.
 It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio
receiver
 Antennas are essential components of all equipment
that uses radio.
 Typically an antenna consists of an arrangement of
metallic conductors, electrically connected to the
receiver or transmitter

Uses of antenna communications:
 Used in systems such as radio broad casting.
 Used in two way radio and communication receivers.
 Used in radars.
 Used in cell phones.
 Specially used in satellite communication.

APPLICATIONS:
 Garage door openers.
 Wireless microphones.
 Bluetooth-enabled devices.
 Wireless computer networks.
 Baby monitors etc.

WIRELESS BROADBAND COMMUNICATION:
 In telecommunications, broadband is a
wide bandwidth data transmission with an ability to
simultaneously transport multiple signals and traffic types.
 The medium can be coaxial cable, optical
fiber radio or twisted pair.
 In telecommunications, a broadband signalling method is
one that handles a wide band of frequencies
 Many computer networks use a simple line code to
transmit one type of signal using a medium's full
bandwidth using its baseband .

APPLICATIONS:
 Telecommunications.
 Computer networks.
 Alternative technologies.

IP Basics:
 Full form of IP is Internet Protocol.
 It is the language of networking.
 IP is represented in the form of binary.
 TYPES:
1. Public.
2. Private.
 Example of largest public network is INTERNET.
 IP addresses are divided into various classes such as
class A , class B , class C , class D , class E.

CLASSES AND THEIR IP ADDRESSES:
 CLASS A-0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255.
 CLASS B-128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255.
 CLASS C-192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255.
 CLASS D-224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
 CLASS E-240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.

TOPOLOGIES:
 There are various types of topologies such as:
1. Bus topology.
2. Ring topology.
3. Mesh topology.
4. Half mesh topology.

Basic requirement to obtain connection between two
networks:
 Two PC’s.
 Two LAN-cards.
 Cable-cat 5,cat6.
 NIC(Network Interface Cable)
 HUB.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SWITCH AND ROUTER:
 Switch is layer 2.
 Switch understands only
MAC(Media Address
Code).
 Switch works within the
networks.
 Router is the layer 3.
 Router understands only
IP addresses.
 Router works between
the networks.
 VLAN: Virtual LAN.
1. If a switch contains
VLAN concept it is
equal to router.

SUBNETTING:
 The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is
called subnetting. Computers that belong to a subnet are addressed
with a common, identical, most-significant bit-group in their IP
address.

BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR ANY BSNL OPERATING STATION:
 Infrastructure.
 Power plant.
 SMP’s : Switched Mode Power Supply.
 Generator(2sets).
 Batteries(2sets).
 ADVANTAGES OF SMP’s:
1. Light in weight.
2. It is modular-facility for expansion.
3. Power plant consists of 16 modules each of 100 amps.
4. Built in automatic battery charging.

THANK YOUPREPARED BY :
MD SAMIUDDIN
REG.NO:1210413432.
SEC:4-D.
DEP:ECE
GITAM UNIVERSITY
VISAKHAPATNAM

presentation on TELECOM INDUSTRY BSNL

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