Presentation.pptx jkjkjkdskjklds.sdf212fs

Electrical Distribution
Services For Smart
City
Supervision:
DR. Mohamed Ahmed Ebrahim

More
comfort
Safety
&
Security
Energy
manage

Layout
1) Hospital 2) Mosque 3) Admin building 4) Villas

load estimation:
Project Details :
Project Name Graduation Project
Project No. 1
Building No. 1
Site Location
Sheet Type Result of Electrical Calculations
Revision No. 0
Details Villas Mosque Administration Building Hospital Street Lighting Total ( MVA)
Area of Land ( m2 ) 309.4 1000 2894 5415.6
207.9
10.77
NO of Floors 3 1 2 10
Construction Percentage (%) 0.5 0.75 0.75 0.7082
Load Density ( VA/m2 ) 100 60 120 250
Construction Load ( kVA ) 46.41 45 520.92 9588.3198
No of Buildings 64 1 1 1
Total Load 2970.24 45 520.92 9588.3198
Diversity Factor 0.8
Total Diversified Load ( MVA ) 2.376192 0.036 0.52092 7.67065584 0.16632
Note
According to Electrical Company if Estimated Load or Actual Load from 8 to
30 MVA Feeding will be through Customer MV Switchgear

Feeding from utility company
Estimated load is
10.77MVA
According to
electricity company
our city will be
supplied on
Medium voltage
22kV

Selection of bulk equipment
1. Distributor

Meduim Voltage Bulk Equipment
⮚ Smart Distributer:
Monitor
Control
But
How?
RTU

2. Ring Main Unit
ITS TYEPS

Smart RMU
• Fault passive indicator
• Voltage presence indication
• Digital Protective Relay

3. Transformer

Low Voltage Bulk Equipment
• Distribute pillars to feed cofrees
Pillar rating is 200 kVA so each pillar will be Loaded for four villas
4. pillar

Low Voltage Bulk Equipment
• Distribute coffree for each villa which load is 45 kVA and current
rating 100A
5. Coffree

Customer classification
Customer
Loads
LOAD < 200 kVA
200 kVA <LOAD < 400 kVA
LOAD > 400 kVA
Fed from low
voltage cable or
from the piller
Fed from 2 piller
back to back or
directly from
Transformer
Fed directly from
MV Cable

Routing
From transformer to pillar
3x240 mm^2 (Al/XLPE/STA/PVC)
From Pillar to Cofree
3x185 mm^2 ( Al/XLPE/STA/PVC)

Medium voltage infrastructure
Routing
From Egyptian Code :

Medium voltage infrastructure
Routing

Routing
Routing of medium voltage
2. Connection between pillars and transformer

Routing
Routing of low voltage
3. Connection between transformer and MDB of Administration building

Routing
Routing of low voltage
4. Connection between transformer and street lighting panel

Street Lighting
• Street lighting provides a number of important benefits:
1) It can be used to promote security in urban areas and to increase the quality of
life by artificially extending the hours in which it is light so that activity can take
place.
2) Street lighting also improves safety for drivers, riders, and pedestrians.
3) A reduction in crime resulting from darkness in streets.

Street Lighting Arrangements
When the width (W) of the road is nearly equal to the pole height (H), i.e. W = H then
the poles are arranged in one side only.
1) Single sided (One Side only):

Street Lighting
2) Double Sided:
When the width (W) of the road is nearly double the pole height (H), i.e. W = 2H then the poles ar
arranged along both sides in opposite to each other manner.

Street Lighting
3) Staggered Sided or Zigzag Pattern:
When the width (W) of the road is nearly 1.5 times of the pole height (H),
i.e. W = 1.5 H then the poles are arranged in both sides in zigzag manner.

Street Lighting
4) Twin-central Pole Layout:
In Twin central arrangement, the luminaries are mounted on a T-shaped in the middle
of the center island of the road.

Street Lighting
Design on Dialux

Street Lighting
Design on DIALux:

Street Lighting
Design on AutoCAD:

Landscape Lighting
Landscape lighting or garden lighting:
Refers to the use of outdoor illumination of private gardens and
public landscapes for :
The
enhancement of
safety
Security
Beauty &
Decoration

Landscape Lighting
• Floodlights:
Light fixtures :
• Step lights:

Landscape Lighting
• Deck lights: • Strip lights:

Landscape Lighting
Design on Dialux evo:

Landscape Lighting
Design on Dialux evo

Hospital Description
• Built-up area :
 60,000 m2
• Number of Beds :
 580 single bed
• Floors Description:
 Basement floor underground
 Ground Floor
 7 floors
 roof
• Service Area:
 Restaurant
 Café
 12 Outpatient Clinic.
 10 Operation Rooms

1-Load Estimation:
Why Load estimation is essential:
1. Determine the rating of required bulk equipment.
2. providing the assigned electricity company with total project load.
3. Determine the primary electrical works cost.
Load Estimation methods:
1. Over-all method.
2. Break-down method.
3. Exact method.

1- Overall method
According to Egyptian code.
Demand Load (kVA) = power density (kVA/𝒎𝟐) x Built up Area (𝒎𝟐)

Load Estimation according to the Egyptian Code
FLOOR AREA (𝒎𝟐) Demand Load (VA) Demand Load (kVA)
BASEMENT 7519 40 300.76
GROUND 7519 120 902.28
First floor 7062.5 120 847.5
Second floor 7062.5 120 847.5
Third floor 7062.5 120 847.5
Fourth floor 3151.02 120 378.1224
Fifth floor 3151.02 120 378.1224
Sixth floor 3151.02 120 378.1224
Seventh floor 3151.02 120 378.1224
ROOF 7069.826 40 141.39652
TOTAL Area 55899.406 Total Load (MVA) 5.399
Total Mechanical Loads (MVA) 2.478
Total Elevator Loads (MVA) 0.15
Total Load (MVA) 8.027
The estimated load is very large, So we use break down method

2- Break-Down method
We used Breakdown method to estimate the demand load of this tower by using NEC and
IEEE 241-1990 “Gray Code” code.

SL
Load Estimation according to the IEEE Code and Estimated Loads
FLOOR AREA (𝒎𝟐
)
Demand Load
(VA)
Demand Load (kVA)
BASEMENT 7498.062 33 247.436046
GROUND 7498.062 99 742.308138
First floor 7051.116 99 698.060484
Second floor 7051.116 99 698.060484
Third floor 7051.116 99 698.060484
Fourth floor 5201.322 99 514.930878
Fifth floor 3201.226 99 316.921374
Sixth floor 3201.226 99 316.921374
Seventh floor 3201.226 99 316.921374
ROOF 3201.226 33 105.640458
TOTAL Area 54155.698 Total Load (MVA) 4.655
Kitchen Loads 187.5
Total Mechanical Loads 502
Total Medical Loads 956
Total Elevator Loads 150
Total Load (MVA) 6.45
Type Load (VA/𝑚2
)
Lighting Load According to NEC Table 122.12 22
General Purpose Load According to IEEE grey book Std -
241-1990 -section 2.2.2 - Table 5
11
HVAC Load According to IEEE grey Book Std-241- 1990-
section 2.2.2 -Table 5
66
Total 99

Zoning
 Why we apply Zoning?
1) To maintain reliability .
2) To reduce voltage drop.
3) Maximum Length of the circuit. Schneider-Installation-
Guide

• So, From the table the maximum
length For the worst case of the rating
current and cross-sectional Area is 62
m.
• By the code of practice The most
commonly used length is 50 m

LUX SHEET
ROOM NAME LUX REF LUMINAIRE ROOM NAME LUX REF LUMINAIRE
ICU 100 CIBSE 1 LAP 500 CIBSE 1
NURSE STATION 300 EG 2 BIOCHEMICAL LAP 500 CIBSE 1
HEAD NURSE 300 EG 2 HEMATOLOGY LAP 500 CIBSE 1
DRY DRISSING 300 CIBSE 2 MICROBIOLOGY LAP 500 CIBSE 1
CHANGING 100 CIBSE 2 DUTY LAP 500 CIBSE 1
WET DRISSING 300 CIBSE 1 PCR 500 CIBSE 1
OR 1000 CIBSE 1 PATHOLOGIST 300 CIBSE 1
MEDICAL STORE 500 EG 2 STERELIZATION 300 CIBSE 1
COLD STORE 100 CIBSE 4 TECHNITIANS ROOM 200 CIBSE 2
CLEAN UTILITY 150 CIBSE 1 CONTROL ROOM 200 CIBSE 2
DIRTY UTILITY 150 CIBSE 1 REPORTING 300 CIBSE 2
WASHING 150 CIBSE 1 BLOOD SAMPLE 500 EG 1
WATER STATION 150 CIBSE 1 URINE 500 EG 1
DOCTOR ROOM 300 CIBSE 2 PATIENT 50 EG 3
ASSESTED BATH 300 CIBSE 1 CHILDREN BURNS IC 400 CIBSE 1
HOUSE KEEPING 150 CIBSE 2 DELEVERY 300 CIBSE 1
SURVICE ROOM 300 EG 1 CORRRIDOR 200 CIBSE 3
ELEC 200 CIBSE 2 MEETING 500 CIBSE 2
IT 200 CIBSE 2 OFICES 300 CIBSE 2
WAITING 200 CIBSE 2 DIALISIS ROOM 500 CIBSE 1
UPS 200 CIBSE 2 STORES 100 CIBSE 3

SELECTION OF LUMINAIRES
SR Fixture usage Picture
1
CR250B
LED35S/840 PSD
W60L60 IP65
I.C.U, Operating Room,
Steraliztion Room, and all Places
need high lux and high index of
Protection
2
RC463B
LED28S/940 PSD
W62L62 VPC W
Offices, Staff room and Doctor
room and or room simillar to
this Application
3
DN572B
LED12S/830 C
Cooridors and it is may used in
patient room

SELECTION OF LUMINAIRES
4
DN140B
LED10S/830 PSU WR
IP54
Toilet or any Application need
High IP and Low LUX
5
WL484W LED40S /
830 PSD D / I SW WH
Trasformer and Generator Room
6
SPARTAN SPI-WL84-
1200
at any places need Explosion
Proof Luminares like Gasses
Room

A P P L I C A T I O N S I N H O S P I T A L
72
• Operating room:

Cables Sizing,
&Voltage Drop
Calculation

C.B & Cable Sizing
𝐼𝑏 =
𝑘𝑉𝐴
3 ∗ 𝑉
𝑢 In=1.25* 𝐼𝑏
𝐼𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 =
𝐼𝑛
𝐷𝑓

Bulk equipment
&
Space program

1) Transformer Sizing:
Total Demand Load = 5.2315 MVA
We Will use Dry Transformer with Loading Factor
65% in Normal Case
Total Demand Load Connected to Trans. =
5231.055/0.65 = 8.05 MVA
We Will select 6 Transformer with Rating
1.6 MVA

It Is main the space which equipment can occupy and make the process of insulation and
maintenance is easy . According to Egyptian code and its regulation to install transformer room
Transformer Space program:

2) Generator Sizing:
Total Demand Load = 2.6155 MVA
We Will use Diesel Generator with Loading Factor
80%
Total Demand Load Connected to Generator =
2.6155/0.8 = 3.2695 MVA
We Will 3 Diesel Generator with Rating 1110 kVA

2) UPS Sizing:
Critical Load = 569.01 MVA
We Will UPS with Loading Factor 100%
Total Demand Load Connected to UPS = 569.01 kVA
We Will 3 UPS with Rating 160kVA, 220 KVA,
240kVA

3)UPS sizing:
• We will use 3 Online UPS 160 kVA, 220kVA , 240kVA
• With 10 mins backup time
• manufactured by Socomec

Objective of earthing:
1) Provide safety to personal during normal and fault conditions.
2) Ensure correct operation of electrical devices.
3) Prevent damage to electrical apparates.
4)Dissapate lighting strikes.
• Codes and Standards:
1) BS 7430
2) BS 7671

Earthing systems:
Systems used:
1) TN-S
2) IT (in operating rooms)

Calculations:
Operating Room System
Low current system
MVsystem

100
List of Formulas Calculation Steps Inputs List
1- Earthing Conductor C.A.S Calculation System Required Resistance (Ω) 0.2
k 160.7 ƿ : Soil Resistivity (Ωm) 300
Min Earthing Conductor CSA (mm2) 124.5 I : Max. Short Circuit In the Network (A) 20000
No of used Conductor 6.0 t : Operating time of C.B (Sec) 1
Standard Earthing Conductor CSA (mm2) 25 d : Rod Diameter (m) 0.025
ω: Earthing Conductor Diameter (m) 0.0106 Lr : Length of The Rod (m) 4.5
2- Resistance of Earth Conductor Calculation h : Depth of Rods (m) 0.5
Conductor Resistance (Ω) 0.27 T1 : Initial Temperature C 50
T2 : Final Temperature C 250
3- Resistance of One Rod K : Constant 226
Single Rod Resistance (Ω) 46.36 ß : Constant 254
4- Resistance of Combined Rod L : Length of Earthing Conductor (m) 500
Combined Rods Resistance (Ω) 10.48 s : Distance Between Rods (m) 4
no of Square 14 n : No. of Rods 8
total Square Resistance 0.748743  : Pi 4.51
5- Earthing System Resistance k 1.83
System Resistance (Ω) 0.20
ʎ: constant 4.51
d: conductor diameter 0.0106
Operating Room System

Calculation of lightning protection system
1) Collective Area Calculation (Ae):

2) Average Flash Density (Ng):

3) Factors:
C1 =0.5 C2 =1
C3 =2 C4 =3
C5 =5

4) Calculation of Expected Lightning Strike Frequency (Nd):
5) Calculation of Tolerable Lightning Strike Frequency (Nc):

Efficiency and protection level
The mesh method

Le /
‫هال‬ t’s Move On!
Don’t worry. We surely support you.
Light Current Systems

Light Current Systems
Fire Alarm CCTV Nurse Call Master Clock
Data and Telephone Access Control MATV Queuing

Fire Alarm System
Fire Alarm System is designed to alert us to an emergency so that we can take action to protect ourselves, staff
and the general public.
It’s different from firefighting system as firefighting system .
It Consist of
Output Devices
Control Panel Input Devices

Distribution of Devices
At normal : Smoke covers 7.5m radius, and Heat covers 5.3m radius
After penalties : Smoke covers 5.7m radius, and Heat covers 4.1m radius

Sample of Project
RIZER DIAGRAM

Data and Telephone Systems
First Data System :It’s the brain system of Light
Current systems(except Fire Alarm) as it connect all
Systems with each other and with the Data Network
It enables us to access WAN and LAN
1. Data outlets
2. Data cables
3. Data Network Router and Switches
4. Server
5. Data rack

Data and Telephone Systems
Second is Telephone System: Which enables us to make calls with each other
In our project we used IP telephones so that we can make calls inside and limit the outside calls to
main people
We used IP-PBX100/1200
It Consist of
1. IP-telephone
2. Outlets
3. Cables/Wires
4. IP Router and Switches
5. IP-PBX

Sample of Project
Data and Telephone of Recovery Area

CCTV
CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) is a closed system consisting of video cameras, display devices
(monitors) and wired or wireless data networks that allow you to transfer images from video cameras
to monitors.
It Consist of
1. Camera
2. Cables to transfer Data
3. Monitors
4. Digital Video Recorder, DVR
We used Dome Camera in our project
and connect it by POE Switch

Access Control System
It Consist of
1. ACCESS CARD
2. ACCESS CARD READER
3. DOOR CONTACT
4. DOOR LOCK
5. EMERGENCY EXIT PUSHBUTTON
6. CONTROL PANEL
7. MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
Used in Applications like
• Medical Store
• Operation Rooms
• Entrance
• Gas Room
Access Control is a method of security that controls access both physically and virtually unless
authentication credentials are provided.

DOOR LOCK
DOOR CONTACT
EMERGENCY EXIT PUSHBUTTON
DOOR CONTROL
PANEL
DOOR ACCESS
CONTROLLER &
READER
Access Control System

NURSE CALL SYSTEM
MCP
NURSE STATION
Main Control Panel
Connected with
1 -UPS 2-Power supply 3- Board
Area of a health care facility
CALL POINT

NURSE CALL SYSTEM
The nurse is called by
pressing this button
you can call the nurse by
pressing the button on the
unit To be connected to a
paging unit in the B H U
Using the remote control
and also using this
The remote is for other
purposes
The infrared unit is also
attached to the patient as a
facilitator The patient is able
to call anywhere in the room

TV SYSTEM
Types Of TV System
SMATV
MATV
Satellite Master antenna Television
Master antenna Television
IPTV
Internet Protocol Television

TV SYSTEM
MATV Components
1-Antenna
1- LNB
3- Dish
4- Head-End Station
5- Outlets
6- Signal Amplifier
7- Tap off
8- Splitters
9- Cables

CLOCK SYSTEM
TYPES OF CLOCK
1- Wall Mounted Single Side IP Clock
2- Ceiling Mounted Double Side IP Clock
WAYES TO DETERMINE TIME
1- NTP Server
2- GPS

CLOCK SYSTEM
2 Wire Digital
Connection Network
RS 485 Connection System Wireless Connection System

QUEUING SYSTEM
Components
1- Ticket Dispenser
2- Numerical Display
3- Push Button
4- Central Control Panel
5- LED Display

What is KNX
KNX is the intelligent building control system for all areas in which your
customers live and work.
Control of building management equipment such as: lighting, blinds....etc
KNX Benefits:
1. Flexibility
2. Safety & Security
3. Time saving and
comfortable
4. Energy savings

KNX System Topology
1. 1 Line = up to 64 devices
2. More than 64 devices => New Line
3. Connect 2 Lines = Line couplers
4. Main line of the Area
5. 1 Area = up to 15 Lines
6. More than 15 Lines => New Area
7. Connect 2 Areas = Area couplers
8. Area Line (Backbone)
9. Up to 15 Areas
14
3

KNX Components
1. General
components:
1) Power supply 2) USB Interface 3) Line coupler
2) Sensors: 1) Push Button 2) Room Temperature
control(RTC).
3) Presence Detector

KNX Components
3) Actuators: 1) Switch actuator 2) Dimming actuator 3) Fan coil actuator

KNX Connection
Programing: ETS5 Software

B O Q
151
No. Item Quantity
1 Power supply 320mA 3
2 Presence Sensor 21
3 Motion Sensor 3
4 Push Bottom 2
5 pushbutton with temp control unite 8
6 Multi Touch Screen 1
7 Switching Actuater (8Ch) 3
8 Blind Actuator (8ch) 2
9 Fan coil Actuator 10
10 Dimming Actuator 1

Practicle scenario:
On/Off light
Dim UP - ON Dim Down - OFF
Move UP Move Down
Leaving Mode
Entering Mode

Environment factors
1) Shading and Dirt:
The effects of this shading are well known when even a small portion of a cell, module, or array is shaded.

Environment factors
2) Temperature:
Module output and life are also degraded by increased temperature.

Environment factors
3) Irradiance:
Solar constant is : 1000W/𝑚2
on surface

1 ) Practical part::
Soft wares:
We apply pv system at villa with 13.92 kW .
Sketch Up
PV Syst
3D
Electrical design

PVsyst output:
Fig 22: PVsyst design

PVsyst output:

Let’s Move On!
Don’t worry. We surely support you.

That’s all. Thank you! 
Any Questions?
Dr. Mohamed
Ebrahim

Presentation.pptx jkjkjkdskjklds.sdf212fs

More Related Content

Similar to Presentation.pptx jkjkjkdskjklds.sdf212fs (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Presentation.pptx jkjkjkdskjklds.sdf212fs