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Sugges&ng	
  Space	
  or	
  Depth	
  on	
  a	
  Two-­‐Dimensional	
  Surface	
  

The	
  loca)on	
  of	
  objects	
  is	
  judged	
  in	
  rela)on	
  to	
  the	
  horizon	
  line	
  (eye	
  
level).	
  The	
  bo;om	
  of	
  the	
  picture	
  plane	
  or	
  drawing	
  format	
  is	
  seen	
  as	
  
the	
  closest	
  visual	
  point	
  to	
  the	
  viewer.	
  The	
  degree	
  to	
  which	
  a	
  form	
  
rises	
  on	
  the	
  picture	
  plane	
  towards	
  the	
  horizon	
  line	
  indicates	
  receding	
  
spa)al	
  posi)ons.	
  	
  


Wayne	
  Thiebaud,	
  “Lips&cks”	
  1972	
  
Pastel	
  on	
  paper	
  
Overlapping:	
  If	
  one	
  object	
  covers	
  part	
  of	
  the	
  surface	
  of	
  another	
  
object,	
  overlapping	
  occurs	
  and	
  the	
  first	
  object	
  is	
  assumed	
  to	
  be	
  
nearer.	
  	
  	
  

Size:	
  Two	
  objects	
  or	
  forms	
  that	
  are	
  in	
  reality	
  the	
  same	
  size	
  will	
  
appear	
  different	
  in	
  size	
  depending	
  on	
  their	
  proximity	
  to	
  us.	
  


  Student	
  work:	
  The	
  size	
  
  and	
  placement	
  of	
  these	
  
  figures	
  creates	
  a	
  strong	
  
  illusion	
  of	
  depth	
  and	
  
  space.	
  	
  
Sharp	
  and	
  Diminishing	
  Detail:	
  Close	
  objects	
  appear	
  sharp	
  and	
  clear	
  in	
  
defini)on,	
  while	
  objects	
  seen	
  at	
  a	
  distance	
  appear	
  blurred	
  and	
  lacking	
  in	
  
defini)on,	
  focus,	
  and	
  detail.	
  Close	
  objects	
  will	
  reveal	
  more	
  texture	
  then	
  
distant	
  objects.	
  	
  Close	
  objects	
  will	
  reveal	
  a	
  fuller	
  valurange	
  (higher	
  
contrast),	
  while	
  distant	
  objects	
  will	
  reveal	
  a	
  limited	
  value	
  range	
  with	
  a	
  
reduc)on	
  in	
  strong	
  darks	
  and	
  lights	
  (low	
  contrast).	
  e	
  High	
  contrast	
  
advances,	
  while	
  low	
  contrast	
  recedes.	
  	
  This	
  is	
  related	
  to	
  the	
  concept	
  of	
  
Atmospheric	
  Perspec&ve.	
  	
  
Student	
  work:	
  This	
  drawing	
  uses	
  changes	
  in	
  contrast	
  and	
  detail	
  to	
  reinforce	
  depth	
  and	
  
space.	
  	
  The	
  forms	
  in	
  the	
  foreground	
  are	
  sharp	
  and	
  clear,	
  with	
  detail	
  and	
  full	
  value	
  
contrast.	
  	
  The	
  forms	
  in	
  the	
  background	
  are	
  soIer	
  in	
  focus	
  with	
  less	
  value	
  contrast	
  and	
  
detail.	
  	
  	
  
Georges	
  Seurat,	
  French,	
  Winter,	
  	
  conte	
  crayon	
  on	
  paper	
  1881	
  
Atmospheric	
  Perspec&ve	
  describes	
  characteris)cs	
  seen	
  in	
  
  objects	
  seen	
  at	
  a	
  distance	
  from	
  the	
  observer.	
  	
  A	
  veil	
  of	
  
 atmospheric	
  haze	
  affects	
  and	
  decreases	
  clarity,	
  contrast,	
  
 detail,	
  and	
  color.	
  	
  Atmospheric	
  perspec)ve	
  is	
  a	
  powerful	
  
                   compliment	
  to	
  linear	
  perspec)ve.	
  	
  	
  
Da	
  Vinci	
  observed	
  differences	
  
between	
  the	
  subject	
  and	
  objects	
  in	
  
the	
  background,	
  and	
  used	
  
atmospheric	
  perspec)ve	
  to	
  create	
  
the	
  illusion	
  of	
  depth:	
  the	
  farther	
  
something	
  is	
  in	
  the	
  distance,	
  the	
  
smaller	
  the	
  scale,	
  the	
  more	
  muted	
  
the	
  colors	
  and	
  the	
  less	
  detailed	
  the	
  
outlines.	
  	
  

Leonardo	
  Da	
  Vinci	
  	
  
Wayne	
  Thiebaud	
  
Presentation space1
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Jane	
  Freilicher	
  	
  
Presentation space1
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Richard	
  Diebenkorn	
  
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Presentation space1

  • 1. Sugges&ng  Space  or  Depth  on  a  Two-­‐Dimensional  Surface   The  loca)on  of  objects  is  judged  in  rela)on  to  the  horizon  line  (eye   level).  The  bo;om  of  the  picture  plane  or  drawing  format  is  seen  as   the  closest  visual  point  to  the  viewer.  The  degree  to  which  a  form   rises  on  the  picture  plane  towards  the  horizon  line  indicates  receding   spa)al  posi)ons.     Wayne  Thiebaud,  “Lips&cks”  1972   Pastel  on  paper  
  • 2. Overlapping:  If  one  object  covers  part  of  the  surface  of  another   object,  overlapping  occurs  and  the  first  object  is  assumed  to  be   nearer.       Size:  Two  objects  or  forms  that  are  in  reality  the  same  size  will   appear  different  in  size  depending  on  their  proximity  to  us.   Student  work:  The  size   and  placement  of  these   figures  creates  a  strong   illusion  of  depth  and   space.    
  • 3. Sharp  and  Diminishing  Detail:  Close  objects  appear  sharp  and  clear  in   defini)on,  while  objects  seen  at  a  distance  appear  blurred  and  lacking  in   defini)on,  focus,  and  detail.  Close  objects  will  reveal  more  texture  then   distant  objects.    Close  objects  will  reveal  a  fuller  valurange  (higher   contrast),  while  distant  objects  will  reveal  a  limited  value  range  with  a   reduc)on  in  strong  darks  and  lights  (low  contrast).  e  High  contrast   advances,  while  low  contrast  recedes.    This  is  related  to  the  concept  of   Atmospheric  Perspec&ve.    
  • 4. Student  work:  This  drawing  uses  changes  in  contrast  and  detail  to  reinforce  depth  and   space.    The  forms  in  the  foreground  are  sharp  and  clear,  with  detail  and  full  value   contrast.    The  forms  in  the  background  are  soIer  in  focus  with  less  value  contrast  and   detail.      
  • 5. Georges  Seurat,  French,  Winter,    conte  crayon  on  paper  1881  
  • 6. Atmospheric  Perspec&ve  describes  characteris)cs  seen  in   objects  seen  at  a  distance  from  the  observer.    A  veil  of   atmospheric  haze  affects  and  decreases  clarity,  contrast,   detail,  and  color.    Atmospheric  perspec)ve  is  a  powerful   compliment  to  linear  perspec)ve.      
  • 7. Da  Vinci  observed  differences   between  the  subject  and  objects  in   the  background,  and  used   atmospheric  perspec)ve  to  create   the  illusion  of  depth:  the  farther   something  is  in  the  distance,  the   smaller  the  scale,  the  more  muted   the  colors  and  the  less  detailed  the   outlines.     Leonardo  Da  Vinci