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This presentation discusses orienting transport planning in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia toward sustainability. It covers the significance of transportation, the scope of transport planning, issues in transport planning globally and in Ulaanbaatar specifically. Lessons are drawn from Curitiba, Brazil, which integrated transportation and land use planning to promote a sustainable public transit system and compact urban development. Key challenges for Ulaanbaatar include funding road improvements, managing increasing vehicle traffic, and implementing planned transportation projects to address issues like traffic congestion.
Presentation0724
- 1. Presentation on Orienting Transport Planning to Sustainability in Ulaanbaatar July 2007 JICA Study Team
- 2. Contents of the Presentation 1. Significance of Transportation 2. Extent of Transport Planning 3. Present Situation Encompassing Transport Planning 4. General Issues and Goals for Transport Planning 5. Particular Issues for Transport Planning in Ulaanbaatar 6. Lessons Learned from Curitiba’s Accomplishment
- 3. 1. Significance of Transportation Transportation is indispensable infrastructure for socio- economic activities. Functional and efficient transport system can sustain desirable urban structure as well as promote preferable land use. Since land-locked countries face higher transport costs than those in coastal areas, the transport strategy should offer potential additional benefits to the national vision of economic development
- 4. 2. Extent of Transport Planning Transportation means “Movement of passengers and goods”. Due to envisaging transport system as a whole, the extent of transport planning is limited to i) Transport modes, ii) Transport facilities to render services and iii) Services associated with institutional arrangements. • Transport modes: automobiles and air planes • Transport facilities: roads and airports • Institutional arrangements: organization, institution and fund
- 5. 3.Present Situation Encompassing Transport Planning The disparity regarding the freedom of movement so- called as “transportation right” widens. Urbanization and motorization grow rapidly all over the world and consequently various traffic problems occur. Necessary measures should be taken to enhance capacity for building efficient transport system and to improve institutional arrangements for sustainable development
- 6. 4. General Issues and Goals for Transport Planning A) General Issues for Transport Planning i. Impediment and disincentive to smooth traffic flow due to rapid urbanization and motorization The sprawl is accelerated and it provides an environment conducive to life style to depend upon private cars. It falls into a car-road spiral. ii. Enhancement of concerns about poverty issues The most serious concern in ODA is to reduce poverty problems. Transportation can contribute to promote “inclusive growth” or “pro-poor growth”. iii. Shortfall in capacity of finance and governance Private sector should be encouraged to participate in transport business. It is necessary to accommodate higher capacity to cope with transportation issues through the management cycle.
- 7. B) Parameters for Transport Planning i. Capacity development for transportation administration ii. Cross-border infrastructure development for globalization and regionalization to mitigate the nation’s “land-locked” disadvantages and strengthen its regional role as a “land-linked” nation iii. Well-balanced development of the country (nationwide) iv. Sustainable development with quality of life (urban transport) v. Strategic regional development with better living standard (regional transport)
- 8. 5. Particular Issues for Transport Planning in UB A) Relationship between On-going Road Improvement Plan and Future Road Network in Ulaanbaatar City B) Securing funds for road improvement C) Private cars and mini-bus to cope with Rapid Increase of Vehicular traffic demand D) Excessive Concentration of traffic congestion in the central business district (CBD) E) Implementation of Identified projects in UB City Master Plan 2020 F) Short-term Improvement
- 9. 6. Lessons Learned from Curitiba’s Accomplishment A) Integration of Transportation and Land-use i. Mobility underpinned by efficient bus service created densification of development along the bus routes. ii. Sustainable urban transport development together with suitable integration of business development, road infrastructure development and local community development comes in reality. iii. The integrated transportation and land-use is vital to the urban development, supporting strategic growth management by developing a compact and energy-efficient urban structure and enhancing the quality life of residents, and resulting in reduction of automobile dependency. iv. The infrastructure investment for bus system at the reasonable level makes public transport self-sustainable without any subsidies.
- 10. B) Comprehensive Bus System i. Express bus, rapid bus and double articulated bus are operated exclusively on dedicated bus lanes of major arterial streets. ii. The bus system has tube-shaped stations that require payment to enter. This bus stop is designed for protection from the weather and for quick bus entry and exit. iii. The idea of an all-bus transit network with dedicated bus lane creates along well-defined structural axes that are also used to channel the city's growth. The transit system must be rapid and cheap. iv. A standard fare is charged for all trips, meaning shorter rides subsidize longer ones. Such "social fare" promotes equality, benefiting poorer residents settled on the city's periphery. All revenue from bus transit goes to a fund and bus operating companies are paid on a traveled distance- proportionate basis.
- 11. Comparison between Curitiba and Ulaanbaatar Curitiba Ulaanbaatar Urbanized Area Population (persons) 2,250,000 896,800 City Population (persons) 1,600,000 496,100 City Area (km2) 803 812 No. of Buses (vehicles) 1,100 908 No. of Bus Trips 12,500 8,371 No. of Bus Passengers 1,300,000 Motorization (Veh. per 1000 persons) 333 77 Portion of Transport Expenditure on 10% Yearly Income Municipal Budget US$600 million