Environment eng
Download as PPT, PDF1 like4,441 views
The document discusses environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment in the context of urban planning. It provides an overview of environmental impact assessment (EIA) at the project level and its limitations. It then introduces strategic environmental assessment (SEA) which aims to strengthen EIA by allowing for assessment at the planning level, public involvement, and comprehensive assessment of multiple projects. The document also presents a case study of SEA for waste dumping site planning in Japan as an example. Finally, it discusses the concept of environment city planning which takes a more proactive approach to environmental considerations compared to traditional EIA.
Environment eng
- 1. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Environmental Consideration 27th July, 2007 Kenichi KURAMOTO Environment Assessment
- 2. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Contents of This Session • Part I :Environmental Impact Assessment • Part II :Environmental City Planning 2
- 3. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Part I : Environmental Impact Assessment 3
- 4. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy What is Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)? • Purpose of EIA is: – To mitigate negative impact and to strengthen positive impact caused by project. n t e me Project Purpose rov Im p Human Life Economy Transportation Natural Resource Project Activity Ag Ecology gra va ti on 4
- 5. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy General EIA Generally, EIA is executed related to a certain project during feasibility study or design stage. It is for environmental permission. → Project- Level Assessment Time Schedule Planning Stage Feasibility Study Design Stage Policy Planning Master Plan Program Project A EIA Project B EIA Project C EIA 5
- 6. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy What is Weakness of Project-Level Assessment? 1. Limited feedback and modification to planning (Limited within project design) Changing installed Facility :Possible construction method :Possible project location :Difficult Cancelling project :Difficult Policy Planning Master Plan Program X X Project A O EIA Project B EIA Project C EIA 6
- 7. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy What is Weakness of Project-Level Assessment? 2. Limited assessment against accumulative impact caused by multiple activity. Project B : Bridge Construction Small Water Impact Project A : Power Plant Medium Water Impact River Project C : Complex Building Small Water Impact? Small Water Impact 7
- 8. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy What is Weakness of Project-Level Assessment? 3. Limited Consensus Building because EIA is executed for each project Project B : Bridge Construction Project A : Power Plant We agree We agree River We agree Project C : Complex Building We agree? 8
- 9. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) • SEA aims at strengthening environmental impact assessment system. • Key Points of SEA – Planned-Level Assessment : Recommendation can be reflected to planning. – Public Disclose and Involvement : Securing Transparency and Fairness. – Comprehensive Assessment : Applicable evaluation for multiple project. 9
- 10. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy EIA vs SEA EIA SEA (Project-Level EIA) (Planned-Level EIA) Weakness •Limited feedback and •Non-detailed evaluation recommendation to •Complicated procedure planning •Affect to (private) •Limited accumulative business activities evaluation •Limited consensus building Advantag •Technically detailed •Transparency and e evaluation fairness •Easy establishing •Accumulative evaluation mitigation program •Easy feedback to planning 10
- 11. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Points of SEA • Comprehensive Impact Assessment – Overall evaluation for multiple project – Aiming at accumulating impact, not detailed evaluation for individual project. • Public Involvement for Consensus Building – Partnership with residents, NGOs, Academics, e.g. • Feedback to Planning – Evaluation of alternatives, with/without project • Feedback to project-level assessment – Scoping for EIA for environmental permission 11
- 12. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Strategic Environmental Assessment Time Schedule Planning Stage Feasibility Study Design Stage FRAMEWORK Policy, Plan and Program Government Developer Project A EIA Citizens NGOs Project B Stakeholder Academics EIA Project C EIA Strategic Environmental Assessment 12
- 13. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Structure of SEA (1) Screening Necessary of SEA? Consultation Integration with Scoping Public Involvement Policy, Plan What is Purpose of policy and plan? What issues shall be assessed? What method is suitable for evaluation? Impact Forecast and Evaluation What is significant impact? How can be mitigated? How to monitor after decision making? 13
- 14. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Structure of SEA (2) Review Alternative plans are evaluated? Impact forecast and its method are clearly presented? Consultation Integration with Decision making Policy & Plan Public Involvement Is the SEA integrated with policy/planning process? Is the SEA related to EIA process? Is the SEA appropriately considered with decision making? Implementation and Monitoring Is it clear how the policy/plan shall be implemented ? Is recommendation on monitoring appropriately addressed? Is there mechanism to correct serious problems? 14
- 15. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Case Study of SEA (Japan) • Approach on Innovation of SEA System in Japan – Local governments have led to innovating SEA system prior to national government. – EIA procedures are different from each local government (type/scale of project, e.g.) – National government (Ministry of Environment) established guideline for SEA in 2007. – Previously, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has established Procedural Guideline for Public Involvement from Planning Stage. 15
- 16. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Case Study on Waste Dumping Site Purpose of Planning To establish basic program on Facility Improvement for Urban waste Investigative Commission among stakeholders has been established. In the commission, Possibility of renovation of existing sites and 3R (Reuse, Recycle and Reduction) was investigated. Then Necessary capacity of dumping site are estimated based on above approach. → Assessment of without case Outcome of Planning (expected project) Construction of dumping site for domestic waste (Capacity : 3,000,000 m3) 16
- 17. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Location Map of Case Study Road Alternative A Forest Agricultural Area Alternative B Road Residential Area Commercial Zone River Reclaimed Area Road Alternative C Existing Dumping Site Mountain 17
- 18. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Case Study on Waste Dumping Site(2) Natural and Social Condition in the Area Large traffic volume generates noise disturbance and serious traffic congestion. There are wide reclaimed sites existing in coastal area. There are various endangered insects, amphibians living. There is good spring water area registered as the best spring water There are various visually significant areas, also nature park, also some area is categorized as traditional residential area, forest/agricultural land, e.g. The location is reside commutable area of inner city, so that population is on the increase. Major Environmental Issues Improvement of living environment (air pollution, noise/vibration disturbance) along roads. Conservation of natural environment (nature park, forest, landscape) 18
- 19. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Case Study on Waste Dumping Site(3) Recommendation and Requirement from Residents Vehicles to dumping site shall avoid from driving inner city road. Dumping site shall not be constructed beside our area. Location shall avoid beside environmentally rich site where is used for extra education program. Acceleration of traffic congestion shall strictly be prohibited. 19
- 20. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Case Study on Waste Sumping Site(4) Alternative Plan Location Point Plan A Coastal area Avoiding of residential zone. Conserving of natural environment in mountain area. Plan B Alluvial area Minimizing traffic disturbance. Plan C Mountain Saving project cost area Without Project According to investigation under Commission, it was resulted that existing dumping site will not meet demand on waste dumping. 20
- 21. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Case Study on Waste Repository Site(5) Alternative Plan Evaluation Item Plan A Plan B Plan C Air Condition N SI I Water Condition Surface I I I Underground SI Soil Condition, I Geography Ecosystem N SI Landscape I N Amenity I N SI: Significant Impact, I: Impact, N: No or Little Impact 21
- 22. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Case Study on Waste Repository Site(6) Alternative Plan Evaluation Item Plan A Plan B Plan C Environmental Impact to be Coastal Water Air Condition Air Condition Considered Landscape River Water River/Undergro Topography und Water Geography Ecosystem Amenity Consistency between Environmental Conservation Policy Living Environment along Road = 0 0 Conservation of natural 0 0 == Environment in Mountain Area 0: No Change, =: Predicted Aggravation, ==: Predicted Serious Aggravation 22
- 23. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Environmental Consideration under Japan Assistance (JICA/JBIC) • Relationship between JICA and JBIC – IEE level preliminary study is conducted under JICA Master Plan Study – Public consultation is supported by JICA study. – Scoping process of EIA conducted by recipient government is executed for developing JBIC project • Points of Environmental Consideration – Planned-level assessment from policy/planning stage (JICA Master Plan Study) – Public involvement and disclose aiming consensus building, transparency and fairness. – Obligation of Approval on EIA preceding project implementation – Special attention on social environment (Involuntary resettlement, Gender, Infectious disease, e.g.) 23
- 24. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Procedure under JBIC Project Recipient Government JBIC Disclosure of Preparation of EIA Project Supported Examination of under JICA Project Request of Loan Project Submission of Disclosure Screening, Screening Screening Form Categorizing Project Result Category C Category A, B Category FI Submission Implementation Provision of information of EIA of Review Disclosure of Implementation Decision of Finance, Review of the Project Loan Agreement 24
- 25. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Procedure after Commencement Recipient Government JBIC Disclosure of Decision of Finance, Review Implementation Loan Agreement process of the Project Monitoring Post Evaluation Completion Follow Up Feed Back 25
- 26. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Part II : Environment City Planning 26
- 27. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Environment City Planning • Environmental Consideration based on EIA System – Mitigating negative impact caused by city planning (passive consideration) Reduction of green/water zone under the Project Project Air Pollution City Planning Mitigation Project Traffic disturbance Project Noise/Vibration disturbance Solid Waste Project Micro/Global Climate 27
- 28. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Environment City Planning (2) • What is Environment City Planning? – City Planning considering with economy, ecology and community development (active consideration) – Environmentally sustainability and symbiosis – Eco City – Public Involvement Environmental Problem Greening, creating environment on City Planning City Planning Natural resource conservation Urban transportation system Project Project Project Energy conservation, 3R Zoning considering natural resources 28
- 29. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Case Study of Environment City Planning • Concept of Eco-City – Zoning based on land use and natural environment condition 29
- 30. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Zoning Urban Center Area A: New urban center and Build-up Area large scale development area Area B: Complex area of high density urban area and build-up Suburbs area Area C: Suburbs, outskirts Area C Area B Area A 30
- 31. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Concept of Area A Development • Accumulation of high-level city function including government-related organization. • Improvement of transportation network crossing urban area. • Beneficial use of open space • Energy saving system • Environmentally friendly development 31
- 32. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Concept of Area A Development (2) Private Space Semi-public Space Public Space Road Road Parking 32
- 33. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Concept of Area B Development • Landscape consideration between traditional heritage and urbanized business area. • Improvement of living environment on air and water conditions. • Road management improvement. 33
- 34. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Concept of Area B Development (2) Tree-line Street Breeze e ze Bre B D C C B B re e z e Breez e D B D C C Pocket Park 34
- 35. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Concept of Area C Development • Land readjustment concentrating on residential area. • Development harmonized with natural environment. • Conservation of natural resources. 35
- 36. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Concept of Area C Development (2) Residential Area Slope Green Water Amenity Area Area Rainfall Infiltration Rive r 36
- 37. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Conclusion • Strategic Assessment for Policy/Planning Stage – Feedback to policy/planning, and project-level EIA • Passive Consideration to Active Consideration – Environmentally friendly and sustainable development – Environmental creation • Public Involvement – Transparency and Fairness – Use various resource/knowledge from stakeholders – Share responsibility and obligation 37
- 38. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Environmental Points on City Planning in Urlaanbaatar City • Air pollution: especially in winter season caused by activity in Ger Area. • Water shortage: water resource will not meet water demand in 2015. • Water pollution in Tuul River: especially west side (down stream). • Lack of sewage management • Spring Water Pollution caused by sewage facility. • Soil contamination, e.g. 38
- 39. The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City (UBMPS) Intensive Learning Session on Urban Planning under Market Economy Thank you for Attention 39