Principles of learning pdf
- 1. PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING Dr Sridevi NH MBBS MD community medicine Chikmagalur
- 2. Learning objectives 1. Understand learning as a process and a product. 2. Understand major Theories of Learning. 3. Recognize the importance of Educational Spiral. 4. Understand Bloom’s Domains and be able to relate any instructional activity to the domain/s it targets. 5. Describe the qualities and identify elements of specific learning objectives.
- 3. Contents Learning Theories of learning Bloom’s domains Educational spiral Specific learning objectives Cone of learning References
- 4. What is learning? Process that brings relatively permanent change in behavior. It means aquiring something new. Learning is an active and continuous process. Both conscious and unconcious.
- 5. Conditions that affect learning Intelligence Age Learning situation Motivation Physical health Mental health
- 6. Theories of learning Behaviourism Cognitivism Humanism Constructivism Social learning theory.
- 7. Behaviorism Assumes that a learner is essentially passive and responds to environmental stimuli. BehaviourPositive reinforcement Negative reinforcement
- 8. Cognitivism In 1960s Focuses on inner mental activities. Cognitivists use the metaphor of mind as computer
- 9. Humanism People act with intentionality and values. Here study of person as a whole, motivation and goals are of interest. Learning is student centered. The goal is to develop self actualized people in a cooperative, supportive environment.
- 11. Constructivism Learning is considered as an active, constructive process. Learner is a constructor. Knowledge is constructed based on personal experiences and hypotheses of the environment. Major themes Social interaction- cognitive development. More knowledgeable other The zone of proximal development
- 12. Social learning theory. Observation of others behaviour, attitudes and outcomes of those behaviours. Learning by social participation.
- 13. Blooms domains of learning Cognitive : mental skills Psychomotor: manual or physical skills Affective: growth in feelings or emotional areas.
- 14. Cognitive domain
- 16. Affective domain
- 17. Education Education is a process the main goal of which is to bring about a behavioural change in the learner. Educational objective is defined as “what the student should be able to do at the end of a learning period, that they could not do before”.
- 19. Specific learning objectives Specific - Is it precise? Measurable - Is the objective quantifiable/ measurable? Achievable -Are we attempting too much? Realistic - Are adequate resources available ? Timed - Is the time limit specified ?
- 20. Components of learning objectives Activity – What the learner is expected to do (Verb) Content – describes the subject / object or those in relation to which the activity has to be performed Condition – under what circumstances should the activity performed or given what tools/ equipment/ logistic Criterion – define the desirable level of proficiency
- 22. Learning objectives 1. Understand learning as a process and a product. 2. Understand major Theories of Learning. 3. Recognize the importance of Educational Spiral. 4. Understand Bloom’s Domains and be able to relate any instructional activity to the domain/s it targets. 5. Describe the qualities and identify elements of specific learning objectives
- 23. Thank you
- 24. References Pre-service Innovative Teaching Methodologies Participants Workbook The Teacher Training Workshop Team Department of Medical Education St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India. Pages 4-23 N Ananthakrishnan , medical education principles and practice 2nd edition alumni association of national teachers training center JIPMER, Pondicherry, India. Pages 8- 21