Problem tree analysis
- 1. Problem Tree Analysis1 What is it? Problem tree analysis helps to illustrate the linkages between a set of complex issues or relationships by fitting them into a hierarchy of related factors. It is used for: Link together the various issues or factors which may contribute to an institutional problem Help to identify the underlying or root causes of an institutional problem The major assumption underlying the problem tree is the hierarchical relationship between cause and effect. How do I use it? 1. Identify the major existing problem/issues based on available information (e.g. by brainstorming) 2. Select one focal problem for the analysis e.g. poor communications to staff 3. Develop the problem tree beginning with the substantial and direct causes of the focal problem e.g. hierarchical and autocratic management culture The following figure illustrates the process: Developing the Problem Tree Effects Causes FOCAL PROBLEM 1 Promoting Institutional&Organisational Development. A Source Book of Tools and Techniques. DFID. March 2003
- 2. This process can help to distinguish the underlying or root of an institutional problem from their effects and guide advisers towards the critical issues that need to be tackled in institutional development. For example, poor budgetary processes or late arrival of funds in a Ministry may be effects of poor or non-existent Public Expenditure Management process or poorly articulated priorities –or no money. PROBLEM ANALYSIS: Bus Example Effects Core Problem Causes OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS: Bus Example Effects Core Problem Causes Passengers hurt or killed Loss of confidence in bus company People are late Frequent Bus Accidents Drivers not careful enough Bad conditions of vehicles Bad road conditions Vehicles too old No ongoing maintenance Frequent Bus Accidents Greatly Reduced Drivers drive carefully and responsibly Vehicles kept in good conditions Road conditions improved Old vehicles are regularly replaced Vehicles regularly maintained and checked Fewer passengers hurt Customers have better image of bus company Passengers arrive on time