procedures for the proper Waste Management.ppt
- 1. LABORATORY WASTE MANAGEMENT. Outline Define waste material from the laboratory List types of waste material from the laboratory Categorize types of waste material from the laboratory Handling of the laboratory waste and disposal of laboratory waste 1
- 2. Laboratory Waste Laboratory Waste materials are those materials generated from the laboratory Those laboratory waste can be hazard waste or non- hazard waste , medical laboratory waste are generated due various activity which are generated in the laboratory 2
- 3. Category of Waste Waste materials are categorize into the following Chemical waste such as acids and alkalis Microbiological waste such as culture, effusion, blood, autopsy Physical waste such sharps(syringes and prickers) and non sharps(gloves ,cotton wool and gauze) 3
- 4. Handling of laboratory wastes Before disposal, incineration or burial of laboratory wastes it should be properly handled to protect clients, laboratory staffs and community This can be achieved through decontamination and sterilization (chemical, mechanical and physical sterilization) The aim is to minimize the chance of spreading infectious and hazardous materials 4
- 5. What are the Risks? Physical injury ‒ Cuts, punctures (e.g., from sharps) Disease transmission ‒ Greatest and most immediate threat ‒ HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B & C Water supply contamination ‒ Infectious stools or bodily fluids Chemical and toxic ‒ Pharmaceuticals ‒ Heavy metals 5
- 6. Categories and types of laboratory wastes Non contaminated wastes; these are laboratory wastes posing no risk of infections or hazards to people who handled or barely come into contact with these wastes. Examples; papers, boxes, drinking bottles e.t.c Contaminated wastes; these are laboratory wastes posing risk of infections or hazards to people who handled or barely come into contact with these wastes. Examples; body fluids, sharps, blood specimen e.t.c 6
- 7. Minimizing of production laboratory wastes Restriction of purchase of supplies that produce a lot of healthcare waste Use of recyclable product at the onsite or of site Use of all content in each open container before opening another container 7
- 8. Minimizing of production laboratory wastes Frequent of ordering small quantities rather than large amount t one time Frequent of checking expiring date at the time of delivery 8
- 9. Methods of laboratory wastes disposal Incineration Incineration which is a dry oxidation process/is used to reduce organic and combustible wastes in organic incombustible matter at high temperature Incineration provides high temperatures and destroys microorganisms and therefore is the best method for disposal of contaminated wastes Incineration also reduces bulk size of waste to be buried 9
- 10. Methods of laboratory waste disposal Burying • If incineration is not possible, all contaminated wastes must be protected and buried in a burial pit and covered with fresh soil daily 10
- 11. Safe sites for construction of waste disposal units( x;s of waste disposal units) Incinerators, burning and burying should be away from pedestrians, water sources, human settlement and restricted areas Ensure that sharp containers are out of reach small children 11
- 12. Safe sites for construction of waste disposal units( x;s of waste disposal units Both incinerator and burial sites should be fenced with a gate and rock to prevent scavenging by both animals and people 12
- 13. Waste Management Process Segregation ↓ Packaging ↓ Labelling ↓ Handling & storage of waste products ↓ Transportation ↓ Disposal 13
- 14. Segregation Is the separation of entire waste generated in the facility. Why: Proper treatment and disposal of waste 14
- 15. Responsibilities Lab Director / Manager - provide knowledge on waste management Safety officer - establish & maintain the waste management programme Person generating waste - follow procedures - safe working environment - safe disposal of waste 15
- 16. Segregation of laboratory wastes The segregation of waste laboratory materials consists of separating the different waste materials based on the type, treatment and disposal practices Containers suitable for each type should be available and used as intended Segregation takes place at the point where waste is generated 16
- 17. Principle of waste segregation Segregation of waste shall be applied uniformly throughout the country Never sort mixed wastes (e.g. do not try to separate uncontaminated from contaminated waste or combustible from non combustible ,after they have being combined) This avoids laboratory accidents e.g needle stick injuries 17
- 18. Principle of waste segregation No bags should be removed from the segregation point unless they are labeled Waste should not be allowed to accumulate at the point of production Waste should be collected daily or as frequently as possible A supply of collection bags or containers should be readily available at all location where wastes are produced 18
- 19. Importance of segregation Segregation is the key to any effective waste management Without effective segregation system, all laboratory waste must be consider as hazardous. Foundation of an occupational health and safety programme, recycling and cost reduction. 19
- 20. Types of containers for laboratory wastes Yellow colour - e.g. safety boxes; containing the following needles and syringes, blades, broken glass, lancets, scissors, slides and slides covers Red containers –wet, infectious materials such as blood, body tissues, body fluids, specimens (stool, sputum) Blue-black containers-for non-infectious materials such as laboratory papers, plastic bottles, laboratory packaging 20
- 21. Safety Measures on Specimen Preservation Fixative a substance which will preserve after death the shape, structure, relationship and chemical constituents of tissues and cells Freeze drying preserve by rapid freezing and drying in a vacuum 21
- 22. Safety measures in handling specimen preservatives Most specimen preservatives are poisonous, corrosive, and irritant; therefore safety measures have to be instituted while handling them. Air Extractor hood: is used when handling volatile and irritant chemicals such as formalin in preparation of formal saline or when dealing with fixed specimens 22
- 23. Safety measures in handling specimen preservatives Gloves Are used to avoid corrosive or any chemical preservatives Masks and Goggles Are used to protect face and eyes from chemical fumes Laboratory coat used to protect personal clothes and skin from corrosive chemicals and general contamination 23
- 24. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 24