Processors in a nutshell
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The document summarizes the key components and basic instructions of a processor. It discusses the physical components like RAM, registers, ALU, and bus. It explains that a processor works as a finite state machine where the next state is a function of the current state and input. The basic instructions covered are load, write, arithmetic operations, compare, and jump. An example assembly program is provided to illustrate printing a character a given number of times using these instructions on an online assembler simulator.
![Plain Text
; Ikuru K
; Simple iteration example
; Writes the character to the terminal stored in register A
; (Number in register C) times.
;intended for use on http://schweigi.github.io/assembler-simulator/
JMP start
start:
MOV A, 100; write ascii value of character to be printed here
MOV C, 11 ; write x here
MOV D, 232 ; Point to output
CALL print_x_times
HLT ; Stop execution
print_x_times:
INC C;offsetting.
.print_loop:
MOV [D], A ;Print character to be written
DEC C;Updating the counter
INC D;Each charactor slot is mapped to a different location
CMP C,0;Done?
JNZ .print_loop;Continue if not done
RET;](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/processors-150523132806-lva1-app6891/85/Processors-in-a-nutshell-13-320.jpg)
Processors in a nutshell
- 3. Note • The details are dramatically different from processor to processor. • Try to capture what the essence.
- 6. Working Directly with Processors
- 7. Finite State Machine in a Nutshell • Next state is a func tion of current stat e and input, mapp ed by state transfe r function. • Processor is a finit e state machine.
- 9. Main Components • RAM – Holds instructions and longer term data • Register – Storage to do arithmetic/ store pointers • ALU – circuit that carries out all arithmetic operations • PC – program counter that points to instruction to be d one. • BUS – Communication between components (terminal etc)
- 10. Basic Processor Instructions • Load to register • Write to address • Arithmetic • Compare->was result of arithmetic 0? gt 0 ? lt 0? • Jump – Modify PC value -> functions are acco mplished using this.
- 13. Plain Text ; Ikuru K ; Simple iteration example ; Writes the character to the terminal stored in register A ; (Number in register C) times. ;intended for use on http://schweigi.github.io/assembler-simulator/ JMP start start: MOV A, 100; write ascii value of character to be printed here MOV C, 11 ; write x here MOV D, 232 ; Point to output CALL print_x_times HLT ; Stop execution print_x_times: INC C;offsetting. .print_loop: MOV [D], A ;Print character to be written DEC C;Updating the counter INC D;Each charactor slot is mapped to a different location CMP C,0;Done? JNZ .print_loop;Continue if not done RET;