This document discusses program logic formulation and defines it as the process of developing an appropriate methodology to perform a computing task or solve a problem using a computer. It explains that logic involves the systematic study of reasoning to recognize valid arguments. Mathematical logic applies formal methods for precision and objectivity in explaining logical reasoning and is used in computer programming. A system is defined as related components that serve a common purpose, and a system life cycle involves replacing an old system through stages including program design, development, implementation, documentation, and review.