Programming in pasca l

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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﻪ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻴﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭﺸﻴﺌﺎ‬،‫ﺘﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
‫ﻫﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺯﻏﺕ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬،‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻠﻤﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﺎ‬،‫ﺒﺄﻜﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺩ‬،‫ﺴﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺌﺔ‬،‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬.
، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺍﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻴﻌﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬،‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬، ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ‬،‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬.
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻴﺩﻙ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻗﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺴﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬‫ﻤﻪ‬‫ﺍﻴﻀ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻴﺩﻙ‬.
‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻓﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﻤﺎ‬،‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺫﻥ‬!!
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻟــــﻒ‬!!
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺪﻱ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬،‫ﺩﻋﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫،ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬، ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﻪ‬‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬‫ﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬‫ﻗﻡ‬‫ﺒﻤﺭﺍﺴﻠﺘﻲ‬:
com.hotmail@766_romansy.
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ‬‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻫﺫ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬‫ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬،‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻴﻤﻨﻊ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼﻟﻪ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬‫ﺃﻤﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹﺫﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻲ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻑ‬.
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ‬‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬‫ﻤﻔﺼل‬
‫ﻓﺒﺭﺠﺎﺀ‬‫ﺇﺨﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻓﻭﺭﺍ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻱ‬،‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬‫ﺃﺘﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬‫ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬‫ﻓﻭﺭﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻌﺎ‬ ،.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﻭﺠﺩﻱ‬‫ﻋﺼﺎﻡ‬‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،
‫ﻤﺴﺅ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ‬ ‫ل‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل‬::
·‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺅﻟﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬:
tk.2005romansy.www
·‫ﺍﻻﺘﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬::
com.hotmail@766_romansy
com.hotmail@wajdyessam

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‫ﺴﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻑ‬//
، ‫ﻋﺼﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﻱ‬‫ﺍﺸﺭﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺒﺎﻻﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ، ‫ﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ،،‫ﺒﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭﻴﺤﻠﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﻅﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟﻐﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻡ‬Delphi‫ﻭ‬
Assembly‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﻴﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻜـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻡ‬asp‫ﻭ‬html‫ﻭ‬xhtml‫ﻭ‬xml‫ﻭ‬css.
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬/‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺏ‬/romansy
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺒﻠﺩ‬/‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻴﻤﻴل‬/com.hotmail@766_romansy
WhtEver You Learn... You learn it for your self!!

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))‫ﻤﺎﻋﻠﻤﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻙ‬((
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻀل‬)‫ﺒﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬. (‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺍﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺱ‬‫ﻴﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻻﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺠﻠﻪ‬‫ﺍﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻴﻭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺼﻌﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬.‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺘﻼﺤﻅﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬
،‫ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺘﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬،‫ﺍﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺒﺘﺩﺉ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻘﻠ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺍﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬‫ﺹ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﺎ‬.
‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﻠﻪ‬ ، ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻌﻭﺒﺘﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬‫ﺍﺩﺭﺍﻜﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻤﻘﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻁﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬.

6
‫ﺗﻨﻮﯾــﮫ‬/
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬)‫ﺍﻻﻜﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬(‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻼﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬)B(‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬‫ﺴﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻼﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬.
‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬begin‫ﻜﺎﻤﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬)‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬(‫ﻜﺘﺎﺘ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺌﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺌﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬Block‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬begin‫ﻭﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‬end
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻱ‬block‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬begin‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬end.‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬Block‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬)if‫ﻭ‬case‫ﻭ‬
for..‫ﺍﻟﺦ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.‫ﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺫﺭ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻁﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺼﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻜﻭﺍﺩ‬.‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻜﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻙ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬.
‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻜﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬word‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻜﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﻪ‬.‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻜﻭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬.

7
‫ﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻣﱪﳎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺭﺣﻠﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎ‬‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﲑﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ‬‫ﻌﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣﻜﺘﺸﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺸﺄﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬.‫ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻀﺎ‬.
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬‫ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﲨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‬.
‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﲞﻄﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻮﺍﺭ‬.
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬!

8
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬:
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻭﺩ‬Blaise Pascal‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬1642‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻘﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎ‬‫ﺠﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺨﺘﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻟﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺸﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻜﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬)‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬
1642(‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﺴﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻭﺍﺘﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﺼﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﺤﺼﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻌﺎﺌﻠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺒﺎﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻲ‬
)‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬(‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻗﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﻴﺎ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻭﺀ‬9‫ﺭﻗﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻓﻊ‬‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺍ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬)‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬‫ﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻌﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬.‫ﻭﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺏ‬‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬.

9
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬:
‫ﺍﻨﺸﺌﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﻓﻴﺴﻭﺭ‬Niklaus Wirth‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
1970.‫ﺍﺴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬
Blaise Pascal.‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﺜﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻯ‬.‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﹼﻬﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،
، ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬:
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﺸﻬﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟـ‬Free
Pascal‫ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﻻﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬Borland Pascal،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺘﻌﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬Turbo Pascal،‫ﻨﺴﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﻭﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ،.
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺊ‬‫ﻜﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬، ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬‫ﻜل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬‫ﻟﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻻﺼﺢ‬
‫ﻻﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺤﻪ‬،
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬.
‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻟﻠﻐﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬، ‫ﻻﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺴﻬﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺭ‬،‫ﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺎﺴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻫﻡ‬.

10
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬program‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬source code‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ‬executable software‫ﺒﺄﻜﻤﻠﻪ‬.‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ، ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﻪ‬.
‫ﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬.
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬:‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻻﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬.‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬
‫ﻻﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺩﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻤﻪ‬.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺭﺠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬
، ‫ﻻﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻱ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‬(‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ‬.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺠﻴﺏ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺭﻱ‬.‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺼل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺎﺭﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﻫﺭ‬‫ﺨﺭ‬، ‫ﻯ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬structured programming.
‫ﻓﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺎﻁﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬"‫ﻓﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺩ‬. "‫ﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﻪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺼﻐﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺠﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﻘﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﻪ‬:
1.‫ﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬
2.‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬

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3.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬
4.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)3(‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬:
1.‫ﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﺍﺤﻀﺎﺭ‬
2.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬
3.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬
4.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﺍﺤﻀﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻌﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺴﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬Turbo Pascal، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻴﻪ‬‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬‫ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤل‬.
‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺼﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬Turbo Pascal‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻩ‬ ،c:tpw،
، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬tpw‫ﺍﺨﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ،TPW.EXE.

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‫ﺍﻻﻜ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻻﺤﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺯﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬.
‫ﻨﻼﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬.‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻕ‬)‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬word(.‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺌﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬compile،
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺭﺠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﻪ‬run‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬)‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬. (
‫ﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻔل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬‫ﻔﺤﻪ‬)‫ﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬(‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺨﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬.
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬.‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﻪ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬insert‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬(‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭﻫ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﺒﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬.‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﻨﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺨﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬.‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬.

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‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺘﻌﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻰ‬.
‫ﺍﻳﻀﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬.
‫ﻭﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻻﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﻨﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬.

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‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬structured‫ﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﻤﺭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺘﺏ‬‫ﻭﻤﻨﻅﻡ‬‫ﻭﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟـ‬Goto‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ،،‫ﺤﻘﺎ‬!!
‫ﻫﻴﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬::
Program name (input, output);
Uses......
Var
...
Begin
{Your program is here}
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺭﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬‫ﻁ‬‫ﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺭ‬، ‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﻙ‬
، ‫ﺤﺎﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺒﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬calculate،‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻤﺘﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻼﺼﻘﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬ ، ‫ﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬WajdyEssam‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬–، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺼل‬wajdy-essam.

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‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬input‫ﻭ‬output‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻰ‬ ،
‫ﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ‬)‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺕ‬(‫ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬)‫ﺘﻨﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬. (
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺭ‬output‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬!‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬)‫ﺒﺎﻻﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺤﻴﻠﻪ‬‫ﻨﺎﺩﺭﻩ‬(‫ﻓﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬input‫ﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬)‫ﺍﻻﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬(‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﺎ‬input, output.
Program example (output);
{‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫}ﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻫل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬outputinput ,‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﺘﻔﻰ‬.
Program test;
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬/
Program clean (I ,o);
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻓﻴﻥ‬I‫ﻭ‬o‫ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬:input‫ﻭ‬output
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻪ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺒﺫ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ‬.

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‫ﺍﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬(‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻫل‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬uses‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬.‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
، ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺘﻙ‬)‫ﺸﺭﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬. (‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬unit،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩل‬library.‫ﺍﺸ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬:wincrt‫ﻭ‬windos‫ﻭ‬strings‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬//
Uses wincrt;
Uses wincrt, windos; { ‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻋﻼﻥ‬ }
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺒﺴﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬unit‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ، ‫ﺠﻙ‬writeln‫ﻭ‬readln)‫ﻨﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻤﺎ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
wincrt.
‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬، ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻋﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬.

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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬Var
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬Var)‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬Bold(‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻅﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬.‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،..
‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺦ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜل‬begin‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬end.)‫ﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﺘﻔﺕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺘﺏ‬(.
‫ﺴ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻪ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬if‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤل‬ ،for(‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬begin‫ﻭﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‬end;)‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﻭﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬;Semicolon. (
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬begin‫ﻭ‬end;‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻪ‬(‫ﻤﺭﻜﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﻀﺎ‬Block.
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻼﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬end.‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬ ،
Block)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬(‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬end;.
‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬‫ﻨﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻡ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬!!

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‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴـﻘﺎﺕ‬Comments
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻅﻴﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬)‫ﻤﺘﻰ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬. (
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺎﺠﻬﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘـﻠﻴﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬)‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
source code(‫ﻭﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬:
1/(* This is Comments *)
2/{ This is another comments }
‫ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬{Your program is here}‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬.
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Program wajdy (input, output);
Uses wincrt;
Begin
Writeln ('hello im wajdy essam'); {print my name}
End.

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‫ﺍﻻﺯﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺘﺢ‬{print my name}‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬.
‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬/‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻻﻴﻀﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
، ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬)‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻗﺕ‬(‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬)‫ﻭﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻻﺴﻡ‬‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬. (
، ‫ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻀل‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬(‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ،
‫ﻤﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻓﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺜﺎل‬)‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬writeln‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬. (
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
)‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬begin‫ﻭﺍﻟـ‬end.(‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺸﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺼﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬/
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺱ‬)‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬(‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻠﻥ‬‫ﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬program
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬)‫ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻠﻥ‬uses
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻴﻥ‬label
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬type

22
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬)‫ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻠﻥ‬‫ﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬Var
‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺍﺒﺕ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬const
‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﺠﺭ‬‫ﻴﻌﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬Procedure
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‬Function
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻲﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺸﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬‫ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ل‬.
‫ﻻﺤﻅﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬)‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻅﻥ‬(‫ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺎﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﻭﻁﻪ‬semicolon‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬( ; ).‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬)‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬(
‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬.
‫ﻭﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬Tab‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﻭﺌﻴﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬Readability!!‫ﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ،‫ﻴﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬
، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻜﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻥ‬‫ﺭ‬.‫ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬.
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺩﻯ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ،
‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺭﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻥ‬(‫ﺍﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬!!‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺄﻟﻭﻓﻪ‬.

23
‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺄﺘﻲ‬‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬Tab‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺭﻯ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬)‫ﻋﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬(
‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬:
Program clean (I , o);
Uses wincrt;
Var
X: integer;
Begin
Read(x);
If x>10 then writeln (' bigger then 10 ')
Else
Writeln (' less then 10 ');
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬:
Program clean (I , o);
Uses wincrt;
Var
X: integer;
Begin
Read(x);
If x>10 then writeln (' bigger then 10 ')
Else
Writeln (' less then 10 ');
End.

24
‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻌﻥ‬‫ﻨﻅﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬........‫؟؟‬
‫ﺒﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻅﻥ‬،‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺱ‬!!‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﻨﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬Tab،‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬Tab‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻭﻀﻐﻁ‬enter‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻔل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬)‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬Tab. (
‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻅﻥ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﺎ‬
، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩﻩ‬‫ﺍﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻼﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ، ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻬﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ‬.
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺩل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬،‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺤﺭﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﻜﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺎﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺒﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬!!
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻅﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ، ‫ﺘﺠﻴﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻙ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﺸﻲﺀ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺱ‬‫ﻤﺒﺘﺩﺉ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬J

25
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬‫ﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ‬
، ‫ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬
v‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬
v‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﻤﺎ‬
v‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ‬
v‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬

26
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬:
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬:
1/write
2/writeln
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬:‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬write‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬.
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬writeln‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﺅﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬:
·‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬
·‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬
·‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺒﻜﺘ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺎﺒﻪ‬)write‫ﺍﻭ‬
writeln(‫ﻗﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻏﻼﻗﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻴﻁﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬quote (')‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺒﻴﻥ‬)‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬)‫ﻁ‬(‫ﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬(

27
‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬:
1/ Write (' wajdy ');
2/ Writeln (‘Welcome to My Program!! ‘);
‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬(‫ﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬wajdy
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬Welcome to My Program !!
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬)‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬writeln. (
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬)‫ﻟﻡ‬‫ﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺏ‬/ (
Begin
Writeln ('I learn Pascal');
Writeln ('Hi, there !');
End.
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬:
I learn Pascal
Hi, there
‫ﺒﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬write،،
begin
Write('I learn Pascal');
Write ('Hi, there !');
end.

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‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬:
I learn Pascal Hi, there
‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻨﺘﺭﻙ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫ﺘﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬:writeln;
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﻍ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬::
Begin
Writeln ('My Name is wajdy essam');
Writeln;
Write (‘do you understand the lesson ');
End.
‫ﻜﺎﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬:
My name is wajdy essam
Do you understand the lesson?
Hello World‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻭل‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬Hello‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺤﻴﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬Hello World‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬.‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺨﺫ‬.

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Program Hello (output);
Uses wincrt;
Begin
Writeln (‘Hello World ! ‘);
End.
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬‫ﻴﺌ‬‫ﺒﺘﺸﻐ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺭﺠﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠﻪ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬:Hello World !
‫ﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻬﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬!‫ﻗﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺅﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﺭﻓﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬//
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬Hello‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻀﻴﺤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬output‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬‫ﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬write‫ﻭ‬writeln‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬wincrt
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺏ‬)‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬. (

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‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬begin.
‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬Hello World !‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬writeln‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻻﻨﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬end.)‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬(
‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬variable، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬.
‫ﺨﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻙ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺼﻪ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬(‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻗﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﺜل‬)‫ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻥ‬myvariable(‫ﺍﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺼﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺎﻗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ل‬
، ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﺽ‬.، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺒﺩ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬102.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ‬
myvraiable‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬.
‫ﺤﺠ‬‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺯ‬//
‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬Integer‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻡ‬character‫؟‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫،ﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺤﺠﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐل‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻜل‬‫ﺎﻴﺕ‬.، ‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺒﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺸﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺒﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺫﺍ‬.‫ﺨﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺒﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬.‫ﻴﺨﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬integer(‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬)‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺤﺠﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬،، ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺠﻭﻡ‬!!‫ﺍﺸﻬﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬::
Myvariable‫اﺳﻢ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮه‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‬ 100 104103
102
101 102

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‫ﺍﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ‬‫ﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬‫ﻨﺤﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺠ‬‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬(‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
var‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜل‬‫ﻤﺞ‬(.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬:
‫ﺍﺴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ــ‬‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﻪ‬: ;
variablename : type
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤـ‬‫ــ‬)‫ﻤﻥ‬(‫ـــــ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬(‫ــﺩﻯ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬
Shortint-128‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬+1271‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬integer
Byte0‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬2551‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬integer
Integer-32768‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬+327672‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬integer
Word0‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬655352‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬integer
Longint-2146473648‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬+21464736474‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬integer
Real-???????‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬+???????6‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬fractional
String‫ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬255‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬255‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬‫ﺭﻗﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬
Char‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬1‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬‫ﺭﻗﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬
BooleanTrue - False1‫ﺒﺎﻴﺕ‬‫ﺭﻗﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬

33
Variablename
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬.‫ﺍﻭ‬
، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬x‫ﻭ‬myage‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻓﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻬل‬.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Var
X:integer;
Y:string;
A,b:char; { ‫ﻟﻼ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻥ‬ }
‫ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬)‫ﺤﺠﺯ‬(‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬، ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺎﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻘﺎﻋﺩﻩ‬:
·‫ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻭل‬‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻬﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺀ‬j5d8g
·‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻭل‬x‫ﻭ‬i
·‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺒﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻭل‬count‫ﻭ‬MyAge

34
‫ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺘﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻻﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬)‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬(‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬:
var_name:= value;
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫،ﺃﻱ‬begin
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Var
X: integer;
Begin
X: = 10;
Writeln(x);
End.
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬X‫ﻭﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬10.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﻟﻡ‬‫ﺍﻜﺘﺒﻬﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﺭﺽ‬
، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﻪ‬‫ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬(‫ﺒﺎﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬،‫ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬x‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬integer‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻜﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
begin‫ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ،)‫ﺍﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺭ‬‫ﻗﻡ‬10‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬x‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ،

35
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬x‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬writeln(x)‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻭﺍﺱ‬' ')‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬(.
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫؟؟؟‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬!!
‫ﺍﻗﻭﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻉ‬(.
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻗﻭﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬(.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬)‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬x‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬string(//
Write (' I Learn Pascal ');
X: = ‘O.k.’;
Writeln(x);
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬// (
I Learn Pascal O.K
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬I Learn Pascal‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻫﻭ‬write‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬o.k‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬x.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬x)‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬o.k. (
‫ﺍﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺭ‬x‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬integer‫؟‬

36
X: = 10;
X: = 2;
Write(x);
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬/2
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬x‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬10‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ،
‫ﻟﻠـ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬x)‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬2(‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬x‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،2.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬//
1.Writeln (‘The total is ‘, x);
2.Writeln (‘my name is: ‘, n, ‘my family name is:’, f);
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬x‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬100
‫ﻜﺎﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬/
The total is 100
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬n‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬wajdy‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬f‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬essam
‫ﻜﺎﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬/
My name is: wajdy my family name is: essam

37
‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻘﻁ‬!‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺩل‬)‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬(‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬(‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬ ،)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬(‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺼﻠﻪ‬(,).
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬:
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻲ‬/
1/read
2/readln
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬:
‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬read، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ،
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ‬‫ﻗﺭﺍﺌﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬.
‫ﺍﺭ‬‫ﺍﻻﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺩ‬"‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺨﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬. "
‫ﺍﻻﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬:

38
Begin
Write(‘Enter you number: ‘);
Readln(x);
Writeln (‘You Number is: ‘, x);
End.
‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃ‬Enter you number:‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬)‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬write(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
x)‫ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬!. (‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬.
‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬+‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬)‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬. (
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
Program example (input, output);
Uses wincrt;
Var
X: integer;
S: string;
Begin
Write ('Enter your Name: ');
Readln(s);
Write ('Enter your Age: ');
Readln(x);
Writeln ('Your Name is: ',s,' your age is: ',x);
End.

39
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬
Enter your Name: wajdy
Enter your Age: 20
Your Name is: wajdy your age is: 20
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﻴﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭﻴﻥ‬‫ﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‬
)‫ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬)‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬writeln(‫ﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺏ‬
wincrt(.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬x‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬integer‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ،s‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬string.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬begin‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬Enter
your Name:‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ،
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬s‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ،
Enter your Age:‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ،
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ‬x‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬Your Name is‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬s
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬your age is:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬x.

40
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺍﺒﺕ‬Constants
‫ﻗﻴﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺒﺩﺍ‬‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ،/
Pi = 3.1415926513 , e = 2.7182818284529
‫ﺍﻻﻗل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻌﺽ‬ ، ‫ﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺫﻙ‬ ،‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬
‫ﻟﻠﺜﻭﺍﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻩ‬‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ،pi.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺍﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬/
;‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴـﻡ‬
Constname: Value;
‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬
Const
Myconst = 1234 ;
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬myconst‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،1234‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،
‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺍﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺍﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//

41
Uses wincrt;
Const
Mc=50;
Var
X: integer;
Begin
X: = 2;
Write(x*mc);
End.
‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬، ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺠﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ؟؟‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻀﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬50*2‫ﻭ‬‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬100.
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺍﺒﺕ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬/
Const
Myconst: mytype =the value;
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Const
Mc: integer = 40;
‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬/

42
Const
Aa: integer=2, 3;
‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺎﻁﺊ‬‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬ ‫؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬Aa‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬integer‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬real‫ﺃﻱ‬2.3
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻐﻴﺭ‬.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Const
X:word=10;
Var
Z:integer;
Begin
Z:= 2;
X:= 20;
Writeln(x*z);
End.
‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺱ‬ ، ‫ﺴﻬل‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،.

43
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬‫ﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﳚﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻣ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻜﻤﻦ‬ ، ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬‫ﻜﺎ‬‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺮﻯ‬‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﱃ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬:
·‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
·‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
·‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬)‫ﻭﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻴﻪ‬(‫ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬

44
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬statement‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻌل‬.‫ﻤﻨﻘﻭﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺎﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺘﻬﻲ‬);. (‫ﺍﺸﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻻﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬(‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،.
X:= a+b;
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻻﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭ‬x
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬a‫ﻭ‬b.‫ﺘﻘﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻤﺎ‬"‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬a‫ﻭ‬b‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬x"
‫ﻓ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻤﻬﻤﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻬ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻘﻭﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺘﻤل‬.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬assignment‫ﻴﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻴﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬):=(‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻴﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻪ‬block
‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﻤﺭﻜﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ‬ ، ‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬(‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،
begin‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻏﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
end;)‫ﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬end. (
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬expression.‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬.‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬2+3‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻭﺩ‬5‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ،
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.

45
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬:
·‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬)، ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬(‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻗﻰ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬+
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‬-
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺏ‬*
‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﻪ‬div
‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﻪ‬/
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬mod
·‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺼﻐﺭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬..‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺦ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬>
‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬>=
‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬<
‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬<=
‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬=
‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬< >

46
‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬/
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻅﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﺸﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬+‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‬-‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺭﺏ‬*‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ، ‫ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﻪ‬integer)‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬(‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬div‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺸﺎﺭﻩ‬/‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ،mod.
·‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬integer‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻜﺴﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬/5‫ﻭ‬10‫ﻭ‬-52)‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻻ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺴﺎﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻜﺴﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬(.
·‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬real‫ﻜﺴﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺴﺎﻟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ‬(‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬/2.5‫ﻭ‬-9.2‫ﻭ‬10)‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﺫﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺠ‬‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻊ‬‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ،. (
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻨﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬24‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬4،24 div 4.‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬5‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻰ‬ ،
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﻪ‬1.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل‬:24 mod 4.

47
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺒﻘﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺩﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﺴﺒﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜل‬.‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬/
·‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺏ‬
·‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﻪ‬
·‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬
·‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻭﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺒﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻰ‬
X:= 5+3+8*9+6*4;
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬.‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
9*8=72‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬6*4=24‫ﺴﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،:
X:= 5+3+72+24;
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻥ‬5+3=8‫ﻭ‬8+72=80‫ﻭ‬
80+24=104.
، ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺒﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻭﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﻭﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺒﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬.

48
‫ﺍﻻﻗﻭﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺸﻴﺵ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻔﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻠﺠﺄ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺨﻴﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬.
Total:= ( (old+new)/2) * (water+phone);
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺸﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺴﻴﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻭﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬
All:= old+new;
Avarge := all/2;
Hosue:= water*phone;
Toltal:=avarge * house ;
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻁﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬، ‫ﻜﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬.
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬/
‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬...‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺦ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺠﻊ‬true‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬3<6‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،false‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬5=1.

49
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬‫ﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬‫ﺮﻃﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳓﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻬﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﲣﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﱃ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻴﺪ‬!
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬/
·‫ﲨﻠﻪ‬if
·‫ﲨﻠﻪ‬case
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﳍﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ‬‫ﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬.

50
‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬:‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬if
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
If condition then
Begin
:
End;
‫ﻭﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬:
If condition then
Begin
:
End {No Semicolon ; }
Else
Begin
:
End;
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺤﺴﻨﺎ‬‫؟‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬condition،
‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬)‫ﺍﻟـ‬Block(Begin‫ﻭ‬end;
‫ﻭﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬else‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬‫ﺒﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻘﻭﻡ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﻤﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬(.
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬else‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
Block‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬else.

51
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺩﺭ‬‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺏ‬)if‫ﻭ‬for‫ﻭ‬case
‫ﻭ‬...‫ﺍﻟﺦ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬)‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬if(‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬Block‫ﺃﻱ‬begin‫ﻭ‬end;.
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬if‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬block.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Begin
Read(x);
If x<10 then
Begin
Sum:=x+20;
Write(sum);
End;
Write('done');
End.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬x , sum‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﻗﻡ‬‫ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﻤﺎ‬(،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬x،‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬X‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬10‫؟؟‬
‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬(‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬block)‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
begin‫ﻭ‬end;(.

52
‫ﻤﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬x=20(‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬‫ﺘﺠﺎﻫل‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‬block‫ﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬done.
‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﻪ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬x=5(‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬block‫ﺴﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬done.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Program wajdy (input,output);
Uses wincrt;
Var
I:integer;
Begin
Write('Please enter any number: ');
Readln(i);
If i <=10 then
Begin
Writeln('hello world');
Writeln('wajdy essam');
Writeln('O.K');
End;
Writeln('do you anderstand ?? ');
End.

53
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬Please enter any number‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺩﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺏ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺠﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬‫ﺍﻭ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ،.
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻨﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺩﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬i،‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬i‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‬block.‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺠﺎﻫل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬block.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬
·‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬i=5/
Please enter any number: 5
hello world
wajdy essam
O.K
do you anderstand ??

54
·‫ﻓ‬‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻲ‬i=20/
Please enter any number: 20
do you anderstand ??
‫ﺍﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Begin
Read(x);
If x>0 then
Begin
Writeln('You Enterd 0');
Writeln('o.k');
End
Else
Begin
Writeln('you enterd not 0 ');
Writeln('o.k');
End;
Writeln('done');
End.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬0‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬:
You Enterd 0
o.k
done

55
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬:
You Enterd not 0
o.k
Done
‫ﻋﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬;‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬else‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ،if.‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬else‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬
semicolon‫ﻻﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬if‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬Nested if
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬if‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ‬if‫؟‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Begin
If x<10 then
Begin
Writeln(' x is less than 10 ');
If x>3 then write('x is more than 3');
End;
End.
‫ﺠﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬،‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬if‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬)‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬(‫ﺘﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬block‫ﺍﺨﺭ‬)‫ﺃﻱ‬begin‫ﻭ‬end;(.

56
Combining the conditions‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺒﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﺭﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﻌﺽ‬:
xornot,And , or,
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬and‫ﻭ‬:
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬bolck‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻴ‬‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬or‫ﺍﻭ‬:
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬block‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬)‫ﺍﻭ‬
‫ﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ‬(‫ﻤﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬xor:
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭ‬block‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬not:
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬true‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬false‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬

57
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Begin
Read(x,y);
If (x<10) and (y>5) then
Begin
Writeln('o.k');
Writeln('helow');
End;
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬x‫ﻭ‬y‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬integer‫ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬ ،
‫ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻙ‬(‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬x‫ﻭ‬y.‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬X
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬10‫ﻭ‬y‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬5‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬block.
‫ﺒﻤ‬‫ﻌﻨ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬X=8‫ﻭ‬y=5‫ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬:
o.k
Helow
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬x=12‫ﻭ‬y=6‫ﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺤﻅ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺠﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬.
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬‫ﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻭﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﻅ‬‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ،
‫ﻗﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻊ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬ ،‫؟؟‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬

58
‫ﻜﺎﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬:
If ( (x<10) and (y>5) ) or (k>3) then …..
‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬،
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺱ‬( (x<10) and (y>5) )
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬or‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬(k>3).
‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬:‫ﺍﻻﺘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬x=7 y=6 k=4
‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﻫل‬x‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬10‫ﻭ‬y‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬5‫؟؟‬
‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬
‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬k‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬3‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫؟؟؟‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺫ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬،،،
‫ﺤﺴﻨﺎ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ،k=2‫؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬
‫؟؟؟‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬( (x<10) and (y>5) )‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬or‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻨﻔﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﻤﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬.

59
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬:‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬: case .. Of
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬if،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬‫ﻭﻤﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺌﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬case‫ﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﺩﻴل‬if
‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻘل‬‫ﻜﺎﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،، ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ‬:
‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬90-100‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬A
‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬80-89‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬B
‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬70-79‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬C
‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬60-69‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬E
‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬50-59‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬D
‫ﺍﺫ‬‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍ‬0-49‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬F
‫؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺤل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬:‫ﺒﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬if:
Begin
Read(x);
If (x>=90) and (x<=100) then writeln('A');
If (x>=80) and (x<=89) then writeln('B');
If (x>=70) and (x<=79) then writeln('C');
If (x>=60) and (x<=69) then writeln('D');
If (x>=50) and (x<=59) then writeln('E');
If (x>=0) and (x<=49) then writeln('F');
End.

60
‫ﺍﻋﻼﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺒﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺤل‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ،if‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،)‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬x‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬integer(‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺀﻩ‬(x)‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬.
‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬90‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬100‫ﻓﺎﻁﺒﻊ‬
A
‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬80‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬89‫ﻓﺎﻁﺒﻊ‬B
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬.
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬in
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬in‫ﻟﺘﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻨﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﺩ‬‫ﻯ‬‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬:
If (x>=90) and (x<=100) then writeln('A');
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬in)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬(
If x in [90 .. 100] then writeln('A');
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬‫ﻭﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺘﺎﻥ‬)..(‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬ ،!
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬in‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل‬:
If z in [5,9,6,8,66] then writeln('O.k');

61
‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬:
If ch in ['C','B','U'] then writeln('CPU');
‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ch‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬char‫ﺍﻭ‬string.
‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻭﺩ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬(‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،)‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬(‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬if‫ﻗﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬if‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬)‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬if
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬if‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬(.
Begin
Read(x);
If x>= 90 then mark:= 'A'
Else
If x >= 80 then mark:='B'
Else
If x>=70 then mark:= 'C'
Else
If x>=60 then mark:='D'
Else
If x>= 50 then mark:='E'
Else
If x>=0 then mark:='F';
Writeln(mark);
End.

62
‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬x‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬integer‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬mark
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬char.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬x،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬.
If x>= 90 then mark:= 'A'
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬x‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬90‫ﺒﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻡ‬A‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬‫ﻴﺭ‬mark)‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬'‫ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬A‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﻨﻬﺎ‬char(‫ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﻔﻨﺎ‬else)‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬89(‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬else‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬.
‫ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺫﻫﺏ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺫﻫﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬.
‫ﻋﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬;)semicolon(‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
else‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬else.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬mark.
‫ﻨﻌﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺩ‬case‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ،:
Case variable of
:
End;

63
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬case‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬begin‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬end;.
‫ﺒﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺤل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬case
Begin
Read(x);
Case x of
90..100 : writeln('A');
80..89 : writeln('B');
70..79 : writeln('C');
60..69 : writeln('D');
50..59 : writeln('E');
0..49 : writeln('F');
End;
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬x‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬case‫ﺘﻘﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻋﺩﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬real(‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬x.‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬x)‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬(‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺤﺼﺭ‬90‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬100
‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻡ‬A‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬80‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬89‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻡ‬
B‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺤﺴﻨﺎ‬x‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬-10‫ﺍﻭ‬200‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻥ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬else‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻀﻊ‬
erorr،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬0..100‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬.
)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬.‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻔﺎﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬(.

64
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬/
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬a‫ﻭ‬b‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻡ‬very good‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺫﺍ‬ ،c‫ﻭ‬d
‫ﻓﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬good‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺫﺍ‬ ،e‫ﻓﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬bad.
Begin
Read(x);
Case x of
A,b:writeln(‘Very Good’);
C,d:writeln(‘Good’);
E:writeln(‘bad’);
Else
Writeln(‘Please enter any value between (a,b,c,d,e) ‘);
End;
End.
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ‬)..(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ،.
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻔﺎﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻠﻪ‬.
‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬90‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬100‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻌل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬..‫؟‬

65
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺒﺒﺴﺎﻁﻪ‬begin‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺨﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻜﺘﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬‫ﺒﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺌﻬﺎ‬end;
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬/
Case x of
90..100:
Begin
Writeln('Your good man');
Writeln(' Your mark is A');
Writeln('Have anice day');
End;
80..89:
Begin
Writeln('Thank you very mach');
Writeln('Your mark is B');
End;
0..49:
Begin
Writeln('Im sorry');
Writeln('your maek is F');
End;
Else
Writeln('wrong');
End;
End.

66
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬x‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬94‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ،
‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻩ‬:
Your good man
Your mark is A
Have anice day
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬x‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬-60‫ﺍﻭ‬70،،،‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬ ‫؟؟‬
else
‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬x‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬wrong

67
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬‫ﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬
، ‫ﺍﻻﺣﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﲨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬)‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﲰﻚ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ‬(‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬100‫ﻣﺮﻩ‬.
‫ﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺍﳌﱪﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﳎﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺷﺮﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬!
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﻭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ‬
:
·For ….. To …. do
·While ……. Do
·Repeat …… until
‫ﻭﺑﺪﺍﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ، ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺒﻞ‬)‫ﲨﻠﻪ‬
goto(.

68
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺫﻭﺭ‬)Goto(
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨ‬، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺽ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻔﺯﻩ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬label‫ﻤﺘﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬‫ﻉ‬‫ﺒﻨﻘﻁﺘﻴﻥ‬):. (‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺅﺩﻯ‬ ، ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬goto
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺒﻭﻋﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬namelabel)name‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻤﺯ‬‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬(‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬)‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬uses(‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺼﻨﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬name‫ﺒﻨﻘﻁﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺒﻭﻋﻪ‬):(‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬goto name.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Program ex (input, output);
Uses wincrt;
Label wajdy;
Var
X: integer;
Begin
Read(x) ;

69
If x>=10 then exit‫؛‬
if x<10 then goto wajdy ;
Wajdy: writeln ('Less Than 10’);
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬label‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬wajdy‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،
‫ﻭﻀﻌ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬:‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬x‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬10‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻡ‬exit.‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬x‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻗل‬
10‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬wajdy‫ﻤﺘﺒﻭﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،
‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺴﻴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻘﻁﺘﻴﻥ‬less than 10.
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ‬goto
‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬Goto‫ﺍﻻﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭﻩ‬.‫ﺘﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬goto‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫ﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬Goto‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬‫ﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻴل‬‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬"‫ﺍﻻﺴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬")‫ﻟﺘﺸﺎﺒﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬(
‫ﺼﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻅﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻼﻤﻴﺫﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬"‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬goto‫ﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬. "

70
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺠﻨﺏ‬Goto‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﺤﻜﺎﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬For‫ﻭ‬while‫ﻭ‬repeat.‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻯ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﻪ‬Goto،‫ﻋﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬::‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬for::
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬//
For variable := fromwhat to what do
Begin
:
:
End;
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬for،‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬.‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬1‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬10‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬integer‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬ ،a‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬z
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬char‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ،.
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬variable‫ﺍﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬)( :=‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻜﺘﺏ‬fromwhat‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬to‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬what‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻀﻊ‬‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﻌل‬do.

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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬Block‫ﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬for.‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬block‫ﻟﺤﻘﻠﻪ‬For.)‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬if‫ﻭ‬case(‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬10:
Program loop1 (input,output);
Uses wincrt;
Var I:integer;
Begin
For I := 1 to 10 do
Writeln(i);
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬1‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬
10‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬writeln‫ﺍﺭﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﻡ‬write‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬.
‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬،،، ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬begin‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ،1‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬10‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬do‫ﺘﻜﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬10‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬
1‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬2‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬.‫ﻨﺄﺨﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻲﺀ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬. (

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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬I‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬)‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬1(.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬I‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻀﻊ‬،‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬1‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺯﺍل‬)‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬writeln(.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬I‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬)‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬2(‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
)‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬2‫ﻻﺴﻔل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬(.
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬10.
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬10‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬1‫ﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬:
For i:= 10 downto 1 do
Writeln(i);
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬(‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﻪ‬)‫ﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬(‫ﻤﻥ‬10‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬1.
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
char(.
For i:= 'a' to 'z' do
Write(I,' ');
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬write(I,' ');‫ﻫﻰ‬‫ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬)‫ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬(
‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬a‫ﻭﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬b‫ﻭﺘﺭﻙ‬

73
‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﻍ‬z)‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻻﺘﻨﺴﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬(.
‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬//write(I,' ');
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬//write(i:2);
‫ﻓﺭﺍﻏﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﻍ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬1(
‫ﻓﺭﺍﻏﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬)‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﻍ‬2(
‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺍﻏﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻁﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺸﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬)‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻍ‬1
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ‬0(
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬//1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻨﺎ‬writeln('hallow':10);‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬،‫ﺍﺭﺒﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﻏﻪ‬hallow.
‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬for:
1.‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬
2.‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻓﺎﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬.
For i:=1 to 1 do
Writeln('wajdy');

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‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬‫ﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬wajdy‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬
3.‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬‫ﻠﻘ‬‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﻪ‬I‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬integer)‫ﺍﻻﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺭ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬(
For i:= 1 to 's' do
For i:='a' to 'z' do
For i:=10 to 3 do
For i:=5 downto 10 do
‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬:‫ﺨﺎﻁﺊ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬‫ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﻪ‬s‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬:‫ﺨﺎﻁﺊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬:‫ﺨﺎﻁﺊ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬dwonto‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩل‬to
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬:‫ﺨﺎﻁﺊ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺎﻋﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬to‫ﺒ‬‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩل‬dwonto

75
4.‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬for‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ، ‫ﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺭ‬
For i:=1 to 10 do
Writeln('wajdy');
Writeln('essam');
‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬wajdy)‫ﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬(‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻜﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻪ‬essam.‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬،‫ﺍﺭﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻥ‬‫ﺍﻜ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺼﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬block‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬begin
‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬،‫ﺜﻡ‬end;‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬،‫ﺜﻡ‬end.‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻨﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬//
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬10‫ﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬:‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬hallow‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬world‫؟‬
Uses wincrt;
Var I: integer;
Begin
For i:=1 to 10 do
Begin
Writeln('hallow');
Writeln('world');
End;
End.

76
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﻪ‬(‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
block‫ﻟﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬begin‫ﻭ‬end;‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬//
، ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬block،begin‫ﻭ‬end;‫ﻜﺘﻠﻪ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬I‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬1.‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬،‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬begin‫ﻭ‬end;!!
‫ﻤﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬begin‫ﻭﺍﻟـ‬end;‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬I.
‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬I‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬1‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬hallow‫ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬world‫ﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘل‬.‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬)1(‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬!!
‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬I‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬block)‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬(.
‫ﺜﻡ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬I‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬،‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬block.‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺘﻔﻴﺫ‬‫ﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﻪ‬)10. (

77
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬::‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬while::
While condition do
begin
:
:
End;
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬condition،‫؟‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻫل‬
‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‬block‫ﻟﻠـ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬end;.
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬..‫؟‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬block.‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬.
‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬
end;‫ﺍﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬.
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬//

78
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬1‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬5‫ﺒﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬while//
Uses wincrt;
Var
I:integer;
Begin
I:=1;
While i<6 do
‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺬ‬Block
‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﻻ‬

79
Begin
Writeln(i);
I: =i+1;
End;
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬I‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬integer.(‫ﺒﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬I)‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻ‬ ،
‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻀﻊ‬0(‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬
repeat‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬0.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬i<6‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ،I‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬6‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬Block‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬6‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬
‫ﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬)‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬block‫ﻁﺒﻌﺎ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬)‫ﺍﻱ‬I‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬6(‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬I.‫ﻭﺍﻀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬i:=i+1‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ،I‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﻪ‬)1(+‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬1‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ،)2(
‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬I.
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬I‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻰ‬2‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬6‫؟‬‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬،‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬block)‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬I‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬3(

80
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬I‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬6‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬I)6(‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬6....‫ﻁﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬.
‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ‬::
‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬while)‫ﻭﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬repeat(‫ﻴﻌﻁﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬0.
‫ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)i:=i+1(‫ﻭﻗﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﺘﻼﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬‫؟‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬0‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬5
‫ﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﻪ‬.
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬1‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬5‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬0‫؟‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬block‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
i:=i+1‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬writeln(i);.
‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬while i<5 do
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺠﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬‫ﺘﻔﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ،‫ﻬ‬‫ﺠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺎ‬...
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬Blocki:=i+1 //‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬I)1‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻨﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬I‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬‫ﺒﺩﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬while‫ﻭ‬ ،0‫ﺘﺴﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬)‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬((
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬.

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‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬::‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬Repeat::
Repeat
:
:
Until condition
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬repeat‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬until‫ﻻ؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺄل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬!
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺫﺍ‬)‫ﻤﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬(‫ﻭﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬...‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬repeat‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬begin‫ﻭﻻ‬end;
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬//

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‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬1‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬5‫ﺒﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬repeat//
Uses wincrt;
Var
I:integer;
‫اﻻواﻣﺮ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻠﻘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮط‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻻواﻣﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
‫ﻻ‬

83
Begin
I:=1;
repeat
Writeln(i);
I:=i+1;
Until i>5
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬integer(‫ﺘﻡ‬‫ﺍﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬I‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬1)I:=1(.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﻨﺎ‬repeat‫ﺴﻭ‬ ،‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
repeat‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬‫ﻜﺭﺭ‬‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬Until‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬I
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬5‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﺝ‬.
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬I)‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬1‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬.(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬I:=i+1‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ،"‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬1‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬I
)‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬1(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻡ‬ ،I. "
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬I‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬2.
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬until‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ،.‫ﻫل‬2‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬5‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫؟‬
‫ﻓﺴﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬.‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﻥ‬(‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻭﻑ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬I)‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬2(‫ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ،1‫ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬3.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻥ‬..‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬

84
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬I‫ﻫﻲ‬5‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬ ،5‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ،
)‫ﺴﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬6(‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻥ‬6‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬5‫؟؟‬
‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬.
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬1‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬5‫ﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﻪ‬.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻁﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ‬while‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻁﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬repeat،‫ﺒﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬.
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬while‫ﻭﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬repeat‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻻﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‬/
While 2<4 do
Writeln('wajdy ');
2‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ‬4!‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬.
Repeat
Writeln('wajdy');
Until 3>5
‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺭ‬3‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬5!!‫ﺘﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬3‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬5)‫ﻻﻨﻬﺎﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬‫ﻪ‬(.

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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬::Nested Loops
‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬For
‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨل‬for، ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬while‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨل‬while‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ،
repeat‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ‬for‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ،.
‫،ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻜل‬‫ﻤﺩ‬‫ﻯ‬‫ﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ‬
، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬3‫ﻟﺤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬::
Repeat ….
:
For ….. do
Begin
:
End;
:
Until ……….
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬::
‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻨﻜﺘﺏ‬::exit

86
If i>3 then exit;
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬:
Begin
For i:= 1 to 10 do
Begin
Writeln(i);
If i=5 then exit ;
End;
Writeln('Done');
End.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬I5‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻡ‬!!
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬:
1
2
3
4
5
Done

87
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬///
‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬‫ﺘﻲ‬:
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
Uses wincrt;
Var
I,j:integer;
Begin
For i:= 1 to 4 do
Begin
For j:= 1 to I do
Write(' * ');
Writeln;
End;
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ‬::
‫ﺤﻠﻘﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬(‫ﺍﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻩ‬ ،
‫ﺍﺴﻁﺭ‬)‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺠﻤﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻼﺴﻔل‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬)‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬3‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻨﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬4‫ﻨﺠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬.

88
‫ﻨﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬‫ﺒﺨﻁﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﻩ‬!!
‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺄﺨﺫ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬I‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬1‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬Block.
‫ﺍﻟـ‬block‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬)‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬1.‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬2
‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻨﻔﺫ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﻟﻰ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﻪ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬1)‫ﺍﻱ‬I‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬1‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬.(
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬1‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬I)‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬1(‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻜﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻨﺠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬writeln.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬I‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬1
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﻪ‬I‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬2‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬block
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬1‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬)I‫ﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬2(، ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻜﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻩ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﺘﻨﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬*،‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﻩ‬) *‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﻤﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﺫ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬writeln‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻘل‬!!

89
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
procedure &Function

90
‫ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻨﺎ‬structured language‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬،‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺏ‬‫ﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬Block
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬begin‫ﻭ‬end;.
‫ﻫﻨ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻔﺭﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬!!
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬//
Procedure procename ;
Begin
:
:
End;
Begin
:
End.
‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺸﺎﻫﺩﻨﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ،)‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻻﺤﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬(‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬procename‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬!!

91
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﻩ‬::
‫ﻨﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬!!
‫ﻟﻼﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Uses wincrt;
Procedure pause;
Begin
Writeln ('press any key to continuo ');
Readln;
End;
Begin
Writeln (‘my name is wajdy essam ');
Pause;
Writeln ('I like Pascal Language ');
Pause;
Writeln ('good luck !! ');
Pause;
End.

92
‫ﺒﺎﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬Readln.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬،‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻌﻨﺎ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬pause.
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬)‫ﺍﺩﺨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻨﺨﺩﻡ‬(.‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬!!!
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬:
Uses wincrt;
Begin
Writeln (‘my name is wajdy essam ');
Readln;
Writeln ('I like Pascal Language ');
Readln;
Writeln ('good luck !! ');
Readln;
End.

93
‫ﺍﻻﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻜﻴﺩ‬ ‫؟‬‫ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻀﺢ‬ ،،‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺱ‬!!،
‫ﻫ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺼﻠﻴﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬local
variable‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬(.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Procedure wajdy;
Var
a: integer;
Begin
a:=10 ;
Writeln (a);
End;
Begin
wajdy;
a:= 20; { ‫ﻻﻥ‬ ،، ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬‫ﻤﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ }
End.
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬wajdy‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،a‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻻﻨﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺨﺎﻁﺊ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ،!!

94
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬global variable‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬.
Var
B: integer;
Procedure wajdy;
Var
A: integer;
Begin
A: = 10;
B: =64; {this is legal}
Writeln (a);
End;
Begin
Wajdy;
A: = 20; {this is illegal}
B: = 50; {this is legal}
End.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻙ‬!!
‫ﺴﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
overrided‫ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬//

95
Program ex2 (input, output);
Uses wincrt;
Var
A: integer;
Procedure wajdy;
Var
A: integer;
Begin
A: =10;
Writeln (a);
End;
Begin
A: =50;
Writeln (a);
Wajdy;
Writeln (a);
End.
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬:
50
10
50
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬Parameters:
‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬

96
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬psrsmeters‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،
‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬)‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬(‫ﻗﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻁﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻀﻊ‬):(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬"‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬"formal variables.
‫ﺒﻔ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﻭﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﺢ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬‫ﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬)‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬. (‫ﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬"Actual Variables.
‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬"
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬)‫ﺒﻨﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺒﻭﻋﻪ‬. (‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬)‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬var. (
‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬:
Program ex ( I, o);
Uses wincrt;
Procedure w (a, b: integer);

97
Var
X: integer;
Begin
Read (a, b);
X: =a+b;
Write(x);
End;
Var
no1, no2: integer;
Begin
W (no1, no2);
End.
‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬‫ﻜﻠﻴﻴﻥ‬a,b‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬w
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬W‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬. (
‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﺭ‬passes
، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬:
Procedure foo (a: byte);
Begin

98
Writeln (a); {15}
a:=10;
Writeln (a); {10}
End;
Var
x: byte;
Begin
x: =15;
Writeln(x); {15}
Foo(x);
Writeln(x); {Still 15}
End.
15
15
10
15
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬x=15‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬a‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ،a.‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬
10‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ،x)‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬x‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬a‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬. (
‫ﻴﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬"‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﺭ‬"pass by value

99
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬:
Procedure foo (var a: byte); {See the difference?}
Begin
Writeln (a); {15}
a: =10;
Writeln (a); {10}
End;
Var
x : byte;
Begin
x: =15;
Writeln(x); {15}
Foo(x);
Writeln(x); {10}
End.
15
15
10
10
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﺡ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬var‫ﺍﻤﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴ‬‫ﺎﺌﻁ‬parameters،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬x‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬a.

100
‫ﻴﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺸﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﺭ‬"pass By
Reference.
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬.
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬‫ﺒﺎﻻﺸﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬functions:
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺭﺠﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
)‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻥ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ،.‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬)‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬(‫ﺜﻡ‬):(‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬.‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬.
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬//
Function funcname (parameters): returntype;
Begin
:
:
End;
Begin
:
End.

101
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬‫ﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺞ‬)‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬.(
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻪ‬(
‫ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬x‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻨﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ،:
X: = functionname;
‫ﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ، ‫ﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬:
Write (functionname);
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬:
Uses wincrt;
Function w (a, b: integer): integer;
Begin
Read (a, b) ;
W: = a+b;
End;
Var
no1, no2: integer;

102
Begin
Write (w (no1, no2));
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬w‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻌﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬
)‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬. (
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤل‬‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺭﺍﻨﺎﺕ‬:
Program factorial (input, output);
Uses wincrt;
Function fact (n: integer): integer;
Var
I,f:integer;
Begin
F: =1;
For i: = 1 to n do
F: =f*I;
Fact: =f;
End;

103
Var
X: integer;
Begin
Write ('please enter any number: ');
Readln(x);
Writeln (x,' ! is ',fact(x) );
End.
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺭﻁ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬.
Procedure a;
Begin
:
End;
Procedure b;
Begin
A; {legal}
End;
Begin
:
End.

104
‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬Legal‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬B‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬A‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬a‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬b‫ﺨﺎﻁﺊ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺫﺍ‬ ،illegal.
‫ﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻴﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬.‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬
Procedure e; {e cannot access a, b, c, and d}
Begin
:
End;
Procedure a;
Procedure b;
Begin
c; {illegal}
e; {legal}
End;
Procedure c;
Begin

105
b; {legal}
e; {legal}
End;
Begin
:
b; {legal}
c; {legal}
e; {legal}
End;
Procedure d;
Begin
:
b; {illegal}
c; {illegal}
a; {legal}
e; {legal}
End;
Begin
:
b; {illegal}
c; {illegal}
a; {legal}
d; {legal}

106
e; {legal}
End.
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬c‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬b‫ﻻﻥ‬ ،c‫ﺍﻻﺠ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬‫ﺭﺍﺀ‬b.
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬b‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬c‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬c‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬b.
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬a‫ﻴﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬‫ﺍﺠﺭﺌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻱ‬b‫ﻭ‬c‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬block‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬b‫ﻭ‬c.
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﻥ‬b‫ﻭ‬c‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺌﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،d‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬main block.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺫ‬:‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﻥ‬b‫ﻭ‬c.
‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬
Procedure a;
Begin
A;
End;
Begin
A;
End.

107
، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻤﻰ‬RECURSIVE CALLS.
‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬repeat .. Until
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻨﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬:
Procedure m;
Var
N: integer;
Begin
Readln (n);
If n<=100 then m;
End;
Begin
Writrln (‘please enter any number: ‘);
M;
End.
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬n‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻐﺭ‬100‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬m)‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬(‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬.‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬n
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﺭ‬100‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬.
‫ﻭﺍﻻ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﻪ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬)‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬. (

108
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬‫ﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻧﺜﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،
‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ‬20‫ﺍﳊﺮﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﲑ‬!!‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻌﻠﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬..‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻡ‬!
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﻮﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻀﺎ‬‫ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻑ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ‬(‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﻴﻪ‬string.

109
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬array‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺘﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬.‫ﻭﻜ‬‫ﻴﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ل‬"‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬)‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬(‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻠﻥ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ،:
Var
Arrayname: array [x..y] of type ;
Type:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Var
X:array [1..10] of integer;
Data:array[5..25] of char;
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓ‬‫ﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬30‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬
Var

110
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜل‬‫،ﻻﺩﺨﺎل‬‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬.‫ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬.
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺩﺨﺎل‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻥ‬:
X[1]:=10 ;
X[2]:= 30;
:
X[30]:=5;
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺭ‬10،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬30
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬..
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Var
Begin
X[1]:= 3;
X[5]:= 2;
Writeln(x[1]*x[5]);
Writeln(x[1]);
End.

111
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬x‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬10‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬3)‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻨﺎ‬(.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬5‫ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬2.
‫ﻗﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬(‫ﺤﺎﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺏ‬)‫ﺍﻱ‬2*3. (
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬.
)‫ﺍﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬، ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﻁﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬(.
6
3
‫ﺍﻻﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﺩﺨﺎل‬::
‫ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬30‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺌﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺭﻴﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﻴﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬:
Read(x[1]);
Read(x[2]);
:
Read(x[30]);

112
‫ﻟﺫ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻙ‬‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻩ‬!!
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬..
For i:= 1 to 30 do
Readln(x[i]);
، ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬i‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬integer. (‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬x1‫ﻭ‬x2‫ﻭ‬x3...‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬x30.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//‫ﻴﻘﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬10‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺤﺭﻑ‬.‫؟؟‬
Program ex4 (input,output);
Uses wincrt;
Var
I:integer;
X:array [1..10] of char;
Begin
For i:= 1 to 10 do
Read(x[i]);
For i:=10 dwonto 1 do
Write(x[i]);
End.

113
‫ﻗﻤﻨ‬‫ﺎ‬)‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺨﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬(
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤل‬10‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬.
‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜل‬
For‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺭ‬)‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬(
‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬downto،‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬..
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻰ‬‫؟‬
‫ﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬‫ﻟﻨﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺎ‬10‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬//
Var
Name1,nam2,name3,name4,name5,name6,name7,
name8,name9,name10:string ;
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬‫ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻥ‬:
Var
name:array[1..10] of string;
‫ﺍﻻﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬two-dimensional array:
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬//
Var

114
X:array[1..10 , 1..5] of byte ;
‫ﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬:
x[5,2]:= 20;
، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬20.
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻋﻴﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ،‫ﻰ‬100‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬!!
‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬‫ﻟﻠﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬‫ﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬!!)‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬readln‫ﻭ‬read(.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//‫؟‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺒﻌﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺏ‬!!
Program example (input,output);
Uses wincrt;
Var
I,j,sum:integer;
X,a,b:array [1..3,1..3] of integer;
Begin
For i:= 1 to 3 do
Begin

115
For j:=1 to 3 do
Read(a[I,j]);
End;
For i:= 1 to 3 do
Begin
For j:=1 to 3 do
Read(b[I,j]);
End;
sum:=0;
for i:=1 to 3 do
begin
for j:= 1 to 3 do
x[I,j]:=sum + ( (a[I,j]) * (b[I,j]) ) ;
end;
for i:= 1 to 3 do
begin
for j:= 1 to 3 do
writeln(x[I,j]);
end;
end.

116
‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺒﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺒﻌﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬..‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)‫ﺠﻴﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺒﻪ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻭﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬"‫ﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬"‫ﻟﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬.
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬I‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬j.
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬begin‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬:
For i:= 1 to 3 do
Begin
For j:=1 to 3 do
Read(a[I,j]);
End;
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬a‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﻪ‬)‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬. (
For i:= 1 to 3 do
Begin
For j:=1 to 3 do
Read(b[I,j]);
End;
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬b‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﻪ‬)‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩ‬. (

117
sum:=0;‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺨﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬x.
for i:=1 to 3 do
begin
for j:= 1 to 3 do
x[I,j]:=sum + ( (a[I,j]) * (b[I,j]) ) ;
End;
‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬a‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬b‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻭﻓﻪ‬x.
for i:= 1 to 3 do
begin
for j:= 1 to 3 do
writeln(x[I,j]);
end;
‫ﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬x.

118
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺴل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬:
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬char،‫ﻟﻨﻔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺽ‬
s‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬string‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ،s[1]‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬s[2]‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬..‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬.
uses wincrt;
var
s : string;
begin
s:='Hello, dear';
writeln(s);
s[1]:='J'; {Replace the first character with J}
s[5]:='y'; {Replace the fifth character with y}
writeln(s); {Jelly, dear}
writeln('The length of s is ',ord(s[0]) );
end.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬s‫ﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬string‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬Hello, dear)‫ﺍﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬string‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬char‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﻴﻥ‬.(
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬s)‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬Hello, dear(‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
writeln(s).

119
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬
s[1]:='J'‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬H‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬j.
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬s[5]:='y'‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ،o‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬y.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬s)‫ﺍﻻﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬(‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬writeln(s)
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬)‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬(،
‫ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬)‫ﺒﻔﺎﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬.(
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺹ‬The length of s is.
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ord(s[0]).‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﻭل‬".
‫ﺒﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ل‬، ‫ﻴﺴﺭ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬.
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬‫ﻟﻠـ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ord‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻪ‬ ،
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬.
‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ، ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻩ‬80‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬10‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ، ‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺭﻑ‬.‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻴﺭ‬
.
Var
S:string[10];

120
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺴل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬
1/‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬length
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﻭل‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬)، ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ord(s[0])(‫ﻭﻟﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﻪ‬:length(s)
)‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬s‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬string‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬.(
S:= (‘wajdy essam’);
N:= length(s);
Writeln(n);
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬:11
2/‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬Copy
‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬from،‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻡ‬
howmuch.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﻪ‬:copy(s,from,howmuch)
S:= ‘(wajdy essam’);
N:= copy(s,7,3);
Writeln(n);
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺩﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬7‫ﻭﺍﻨﺴﺦ‬ ،3‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬.
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬:ess

121
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬from‫ﻓ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬‫ﺈ‬‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﻏﻪ‬.
S:= ‘(wajdy essam’);
N:= copy(s,15,3);
Writeln(n);
‫ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬)‫ﻓﺎﺭﻏﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬.(
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻨﺴﺨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬howmuch‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺏ‬.
S:= (‘wajdy essam’);
N:= copy(s,7,10);
Writeln(n);
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬:ess
3/‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬pos
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬s.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﻪ‬:pos(substr,s)
Substr‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
S‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬.
S:= pos(‘are’,’how are you’);
Writeln(s);
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬:5
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬are‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.

122
4/‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬Insret
‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﻪ‬:insert(source,target,index)
Source:‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬
Target:‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻪ‬
Index:‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬.
S1:=’not’;
S2:=’ I do love you’;
Insert(s1,s2,6);
Writeln(s2);
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬:I do not love you
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺞ‬255‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻨﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‬255‫ﺤﺭﻑ‬.
4/‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬delete
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﻪ‬:delete(s,from,howmuch)
S:=(’wajdy essam’);
Delete(s,1,6);
Writeln(s);
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬:essam

123
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬‫ﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬)type(
‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬set
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱪﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻄﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺄﰐ‬
type.
‫ﺟﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﲑ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ‬)‫ﻳﻨﻄﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬type(‫ﲤﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬..
Have Anice Day

124
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬Type
‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬)‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬. (‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬-32768‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬+32767‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬integer.
‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻤﻜﺎﻨﻙ‬)‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬. (‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻫ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ، ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬write‫ﻭ‬writeln‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬
read‫ﻭ‬readln.
‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬//‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬name:
Type
Name= (wajdy, essam, Ahmed);
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬name)‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬integer‫ﻭ‬real‫ﻭ‬char
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬
Var
N: name;
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺭﺃﻴﺕ‬!!
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Type
Car = (bmw , Mazda ,Honda ,ford);
Color = (red ,green ,blue);
Str20 = string[20];

125
Var
Mycar:car;
Mycolor:color;
Name:str20;
‫ﺭﺍﺌﻊ‬‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ،enumerated types‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺩ‬mycar‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬car‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ،mycolor‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
color.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬mycolor‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬)‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬color‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬red‫ﻭ‬green‫ﻭ‬blue.
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻤﺎ‬integer‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﻘﺒل‬2.6.
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬mycar‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﻘﺒل‬)bmw, mazda, Honda,
ford(،‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬: (
Begin
Mycar := 1; {illegal}
Mycar := ford; {legal}
If mycar = mazda then writeln(‘I love mazda’); {legal}
End.

126
{illegal}‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬)‫ﺸﺭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬(‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬)‫ﻤﺭﻓﻭﻀﻪ‬. (
{legal}‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬)‫ﺸﺭﻋﻲ‬(‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬)‫ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻟﻪ‬. (
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬Type//
1.‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬ord:
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬)‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬Type(
‫ﺍﺴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻴﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ASCII
‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬(//
Ord(bmw); {=0}
Ord(mazda); {=1}
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
N:= Ord(a); {n=65}
2.‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬chr:
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎ‬ ،ASCII‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬
ord
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬/
Chr(65); {=a}
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬capital‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬small.
3.‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬succ‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﻻﻤﺭ‬pred//
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬(

127
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Type
Color= (red ,green ,blue);
Var
Mc : color;
Begin
Succ(red); {green}
Pred(blue); {green}
Ord(blue); {2}
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬//
Type
Car = (bmw=1,mazda ,Honda ,ford=7,Volvo);
Begin
Ord (bmw); {=1}
Ord (mazda); {=2}
Ord (Honda); {=3}
Ord (ford); {=7}
Ord (Volvo); {=8}
End.
‫ﻭﻀﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻅﻥ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ‬ ،!!

128
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬record
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ ،‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬!!
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻁﻭﻱ‬ ،
type‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،type‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻩ‬‫ل‬:
Program progname (input,output);
Uses unit1 , unit2 ….
Type
:
Var
:
Procedure & function
:
Begin {main}
:
End.

129
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Program example (I,o);
Uses wincrt;
Type
Data = record
Name : string;
Age : integer;
Tel : integer ;
end;
Var
Da: data ;
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺠل‬‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬ ،da‫ﺍﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻤل‬‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠل‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ،.
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺄﺘﻲ‬،‫ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻻﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬readln‫ﻭ‬read.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬:: (
Begin
Da.name := ‘wajdy’ ;
Da.age := 20;
Da.tel := 0911119415 ;
End.

130
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭل‬fields(‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬،
‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬name‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬wajdy‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻘل‬ ،
age‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬20‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬da‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻨﻘﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘل‬.
)‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺴل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬‘ here’(.
‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬‫ﺩﺨﺎل‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬:: (
Begin
Read(da.name);
Read(da.age);
Read(da.tel);
End.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬.‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬..
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬)‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬(‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬(‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬with … do

131
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬//
Begin
With da do
Begin
Name := ‘wajdy’ ;
Age := 20;
Tel := 0911119415
End;
End.
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻬﺫﺍ‬//
Begin
With da do
Begin
Read(name);
Read(age);
Read(tel);
End;
End.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬with، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ،
‫ﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬do.‫ﺒﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬block‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎﻟﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬.‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬. (

132
‫ﻟﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬//
Writeln (da.name); { ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ‬‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ }
With da do
Begin
Writeln(name); {‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫}ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ‬
End;
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻥ‬‫ﻨﺭﺠﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬data‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬:
Da : array [1..10] of data ;
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬//
Da[1].name := ‘wajdy’;
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ‬with … do//
With da[1] do
Begin
Name := ‘wajdy’;
End;
‫ﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﻘﻪ‬)‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬)‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬!! (

133
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺭﺃ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺏ‬3‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﻼﺏ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬(‫؟؟‬
Program database (input,output);
Uses wincrt;
Type
Data = record
Name:string;
Age,tel:integer;
End;
Var
Da:array [1..3] of data ;
I:integer;
Begin
Writeln(‘please fill the information : ‘);
For i:= 1 to 3 do
Begin
Writeln(‘NOW .. student no ’,i);
With da[i] do
Begin
Write(‘Name: ‘); Readln(name);
Write(‘age: ‘); Readln(age);
Write(‘tel: ‘); Readln(tel);
End;
End; {for}

134
Clrcsr;
For i:= 1 to 3 do
Begin
With da[i] do
Begin
Writeln(‘ student no ‘,i);
Write (‘name: ‘); Writeln(name);
Write (‘age: ‘); Writeln(age);
Write (‘tel: ‘); Writeln(tel);
End;
Writeln;
End; {for}
End.
‫ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬type(
‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬record)‫ﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬(‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬data‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺤﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﻪ‬name‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‬ ،age‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬ ،tel.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬data.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬da‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬)data(.‫ﻭﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬I‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬. (

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‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬begin‫ﻨﺸﺎﻫﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬:
Writeln(‘please fill the information : ‘);
For i:= 1 to 3 do
Begin
Writeln(‘NOW .. student no ’,i);
With da[i] do
Begin
Write(‘Name: ‘); Readln(name);
Write(‘age: ‘); Readln(age);
Write(‘tel: ‘); Readln(tel);
End;
End; {for}
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ، ‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬)‫،ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ،ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬(‫ﻁﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬begin‫ﻭ‬end;‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ،
‫ﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬.
‫ﻨﺹ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬+‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬I‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺃ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬With da[i] do‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ،)‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬I‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬1‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ،I‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬2‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ،. (

136
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬with .. Do‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
block‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻨﻔﺼل‬‫ﻟـ‬block‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤل‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤل‬.
‫ﺍل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬block‫ﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬)‫ﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ‬for. (‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻁﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬clrscr‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬clear screen‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬.
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺜﻪ‬
)‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬Sets
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺏ‬‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺎﺕ‬،‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺠﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ،!!
‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺩﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺎ‬، ‫ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻫل‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻁﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺄﺤﺎﻭل‬.

137
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬Set‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻪ‬،
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻫﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬//
S = {1, 5, 8, 9}
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬)‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻪ‬. (
‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻫﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬//
Type
Days = (Sut,sun,mon,tues,wed,thurs,fri);
Var
Allday : set of days ;
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬allday‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ‬ ،.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Uses wincrt;
Type
Days = (Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,
Friday, Saturday);
Var
allday : set of days;
workday : set of Monday .. Friday;
thisday : days;

138
Begin
thisday:= Monday;
If thisday in workday then
writeln('This day I''m in work')
Else
Writeln ('This day I''m on holiday’);
End.
‫ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬thisday:= Monday;‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬thisday:= Saturday;.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺎﻫﺩ‬‫ﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻅﻥ‬ ،!!
‫ﻨﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺫﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻙ‬
Exclude(myday,Friday);
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺒﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬.
‫ﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺭﺠﺎﻉ‬
Include(myday,Friday);
‫ﻤﻬﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﻪ‬//‫ﺍﻻﻤﺭﻴﻥ‬exclude‫ﻭ‬include‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺘﻴﺭﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻌﻤﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬.

139
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬‫ﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﻭﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﱃ‬ ‫ﳓﺘﺎﺝ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺣﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫،ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻜﺮﺭ‬.‫ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲣﻄﺊ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﲟﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ‬.
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍﻣﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬.
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﳎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﻚ‬.

140
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻ‬"‫ﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬unit"‫ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬.
‫ﺍﻻﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼ‬‫ﺭ‬write‫ﻭ‬writeln‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬wincrt،
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻭﻟﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺫﺍ‬wincrt‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬.
، ‫ﺤﺴﻨﺎ‬‫ﻜﺘ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬
{This code must be saved with name wajdy.PAS}
Unit wajdy;
Interface
Uses....
Var
... {Visible global variables}
{Procedures & functions definitions}
Procedure myproc;
Function myfunc: word;
:

141
:
Implementation
Var
... {Invisible global variables}
Procedure myproc;
Begin
: {the routines}
:
End;
Function myfunc: word;
Begin
: {the routines}
:
End;
:
: {other procedure's / function's routines}
:
Begin
: {Initialization code}
:
End.

142
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬intercafe‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺎﻤﻲ‬‫ﻤﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺘﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺌﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﻪ‬implementation‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل‬.
‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬
{This unit must be stored in MYUNIT.PAS}
Unit myunit;
Interface
Uses CRT;
Var
X : byte;
Y, z: integer;
Procedure a;
Procedure b;
Function c: byte;
Implementation
Var

143
P, q, r: shortint;
Procedure a;
Begin
:
:
End;
Procedure d;
Begin
:
:
End;
Procedure b;
Begin
:
:
End;
Function c: byte;
Begin
:
:
End;

144
Procedure e;
Begin
:
:
End;
Begin
: {Initialization code}
:
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬
Uses myunit;
Var
N: byte;
Begin
A; {legal}
B; {legal}
N: =c; {legal}
X: =1; {legal}
Y: =-1; {legal}

145
Z: =14; {legal}
D; {illegal, because it is invisible}
E; {illegal, because it is invisible}
P: =-1; {illegal, because it is invisible}
End.
‫ﺍﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬.‫ﺒﺎﻀ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺌﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻪ‬.

146
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﳊﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬
Text & Binary Flies

147
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬text
‫ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬txt‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺎﻗﺵ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻨﺎﻗﺵ‬ ،
‫ﺴﻨﻨﺸﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬(‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬c‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬TPW.
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬.
1.‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻭل‬)‫ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻥ‬f(‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬text
Var
F: text;
2.‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬assign‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬f‫ﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
)‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬(‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬Begin
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬.
‫ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬C:/TPW(‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
assign‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ،wajdy.txt
Begin
Assign (f,’wajdy.txt’);

148
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺸﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬)‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬(‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻥ‬s‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
Var
F: text;
S: string;
Begin
Read(s);
Assign (f, s);
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬s‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬string‫ﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬(.
3.‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻩ‬‫ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
Reset (f);
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
Rewrite (f);
4.‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻩ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬(‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬
Readln (f, x);
Writeln(x);

149
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬X‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬string‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻡ‬X‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬x‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬
Readln(x);
Writeln (f, x);
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬x)‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬string(‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬F
5.‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ‬
Eof (f);
‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬end of file
If eof (f) then writeln (‘The End’);
6.‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻏﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻩ‬
Close (f);
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬romansy.txt
Uses wincrt;

150
Var
F: text;
S: string;
Begin
Assign (f,’romansy.txt’);
Reset (f);
Repeat
Readln (f, s);
Writeln(s);
Until eof (f);
Close (f);
End.
‫ﺸﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺡ‬//
‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ، ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬f‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬text‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬s‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬string.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬begin‫ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ،assign‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬romansy‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬
f.
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬reset(f)‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺩﺃ‬ ،repaet‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬s
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬s‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ،Until eof(f);‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻫل‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬(‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻡ‬.
‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬)‫ﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬(‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬(.

151
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﻩ‬//‫ﺍﺨﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﻌﺎ‬for‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﻭﺭ‬
repeat‫ﻭ‬while.
‫ﻴﺩﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺎﺍﻻﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬/
Begin
Read (n);
Assign (f, n);
:
:
End.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬N‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬string.
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬)‫ﺍ‬‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬(.
Uses wincrt;
Var
F: text;
S, n: string;
Ch: char;

152
Begin
Read (n);
Assign (f, n);
Rewrite (f);
Repeat
Readln(s);
Writeln (f, s);
Ch: = readkey;
Until ch=#27
Close (f);
End.
، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬F، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻑ‬n‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻡ‬
، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬s‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ch‫ﺤﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬char‫ﻗﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬.
‫ﺒﺩﺃ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬n‫ﻭﻋﻴﻨﺎﻩ‬assign، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬rewrite.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺭﺃ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬s)Readln(s);(‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻁﺒﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬)Writeln(f,s);(
‫ﻭ‬)Ch:= readkey;(‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬.......‫؟‬

153
‫ﻨﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬readkey‫ﻫﻭ‬‫ﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬.
‫ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬)‫ﺍﺴﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ch.
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬s‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬(
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ch=#27‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬Ch‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬#27
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬‫ﺡ‬Esc‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬.
‫ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻭﺏ‬Esc.
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬append//
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬.
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬append‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩل‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬rewrite‫ﻻﺤﻅ‬:
Assign (f,’wajdy.txt’);
Append (f);
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬wajdy.txt
‫ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬Buffer‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﻅ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟـ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
buffer‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﻩ‬.

154
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬buffer‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬cache، ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻻﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟـ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬Buffer‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻤ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻔﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺘﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬buffer‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬)‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬(flush‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬buffer‫ﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻡ‬ ‫؟؟‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻤﻬﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺼﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻻﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻐﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻘﻁﺕ‬‫ﺍﻻﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬buffer‫ﻤﻨﺜﻭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﺎﺀﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬
flush‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺄﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﻻﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺍﺍﺍﺍﺍﺍﺍﺍﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬J
‫ﺤﻔﻅ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬Buffer‫ﺒﺎﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﻴﻪ‬/
Flush (f);
‫ﻴﻔﻀل‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬.
‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻻﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬)‫ﻭﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻜﻠﻡ‬‫ﻗﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬(.
‫ﺤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬، ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬
‫ﻴﺼﺭﺥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬"Error"‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬ ،

155
‫ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻋﻁﺎﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺸﻪ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺘﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬error-handling‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻗﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻫﺩﻩ‬‫ﺏ‬//
{$I-} ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻌل‬
: ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
{$I+} ‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻌل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬IOResult‫ﺍ‬ ،‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬
IOresult‫ﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬0‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬.
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬//
Uses wincrt;
Var
F:text;
S:string;
Begin
Write (‘Enter the file name: ‘);
Readln(s);
Assign (f, s);
{$I-}

156
Reset (f);
{$I+}
If ioresult <> 0 then
Begin
Writeln (‘error while reading file’, s);
Halt;
End;
While not eof do
Begin
Readln (f, s);
Writeln(s);
End;
Flush (f);
Close (f);
End.
{$I-}‫ﻭ‬{$I+}‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬‫ﻗﻡ‬ ،
‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺠﺭﺒﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬IOResult‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺴﺒﺏ‬‫ﻔﺘﺭ‬‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺽ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺭﺽ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻔﻅ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬n‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬integer.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺄﻜﺘﺏ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺎل‬Begin‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬

157
:
{$I-}
Reset (F);
{$I+}
n:=IOResult;
If n<>0 then
Begin
Writeln ('Error encountered in reading file ', s);
Case n of
2: writeln ('File not found');
3: writeln ('Path not found');
4: writeln (‘too many open files');
5: writeln ('File access denied');
100: writeln ('Disk read error');
101: writeln ('Disk write error');
150: writeln ('Disk is writing protected');
152: writeln ('Drive is not ready');
154: writeln ('CRC error in data');
156: writeln ('Disk seeks error');
157: writeln ('Unknown media type');
162: writeln ('Hardware failure');
Else writeln (‘various error');
End;
Halt;
End;

158
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺌﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬
، ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺭﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻙ‬‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺠﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺠﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻴﺩ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬Binary File
‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬/
*‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬Typed File
*‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬Untyped File
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬Typed File‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻪ‬‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬)‫ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﺠل‬(
‫ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬Untyped File‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﻐﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬:Typed File
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬
Type
Data = record

159
Name: string [10];
Age: integer;
Tel: integer;
End;
Typed file‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬(‫ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬
Var
F: file of data;
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ‬Typed File‫ﺘﺸﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬text file.
‫ﺒﺎﺴ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺩ‬F‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬assign
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬reset‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻻﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ،rewrite
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬writeln‫ﻭ‬readln‫ﺍﻟﻰ‬write‫ﻭ‬read
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻼﻕ‬close
‫ﺍﻻﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬Erorr Handling‫ﻭ‬Ioresult‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ، ‫ﻫﻭ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬‫ﻤﺭﻩ‬‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‬text file‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬typed file
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬reset‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﻩ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬. (‫ﻭﺍﻴﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻀﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒل‬
‫ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﻪ‬.

160
Uses wincrt;
Type
Data=record
Name: string;
Age: integer;
End;
Var
F: file of data;
D: data;
C: char;
S: string;
Begin
Write (‘Input File name: ‘);
Readln(s);
Assign (f, s);
Rewrite (f);
Repeat
Clrscr;
Write (‘Name= ‘); readln (d.name);
Write (‘Age = ‘); readln (d.age);
Write (f, d);
Write (‘Input New Data Y/N ‘);
Repeat
C: = upcase (readkey);

161
Until c in [‘Y’,’N’];
Write(c);
Until c=’N’;
Close (f);
End.
‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺘﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬.........

162
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺠﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬&‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ‬‫ﺴﺎﺑﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﱪﳎﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﻚ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
)‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﲤﲎ‬. (
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻜﲎ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺠﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬‫ﲨﻴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻧﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻀﺎ‬‫ﺴﺎﺑﻴﻪ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻴﺪﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬.

163
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬:
=-=-=-=-=-=
TOPACKEDIFDOWNTOAND
TYPEPROCEDUREINELSEARRY
UNTILPROGRAMLABELENDBEGIN
USESRECORDMODFILECASE
VARREPEATNOTFORCONST
WHILESETOFFUNCTIONDIV
WITHTHENORGOTODO
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل‬‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒ‬‫ﻴﻪ‬:
=-=-=-=-=-=
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻪ‬‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬
ABS‫ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻲ‬ABS(-10);10
SQR‫ﻤﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬SQR(5);25
SQRT‫ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻲ‬SQRT(25);5
TRUNC‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺫﻑ‬TRUNC(2.55);2
ROUND‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺭﺏ‬ROUND(5.91);6

164
‫اﻟ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮫ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺎﻳــــــﻪ‬
=-=-=-=-=-=-=
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬:
‫ﺍﻻﺠﻨﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬‫ﻴﻪ‬
EssentialPascal‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺘﺏ‬Marco cantu
Introduction to Pascal‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺘﺏ‬Rob miles
M.F.Somers ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺘﺏ‬ Learning PASCAL
PascalRevisedReport‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬Wirth
The Basic of Pascal‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺘﺏ‬Roby Joehanes
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ‬‫ﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺘﺏ‬‫ﻋﺭﻭﻩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺱ‬‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺘﺏ‬MaaSTaaR
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬www.c4arab.com
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻤﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻴﻕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬www.arabteam2000.com
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬Tutorial‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬.

165
‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺄل‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﻟﻭﺠﻬﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻟﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﻪ‬ ، ‫ﺒﺈﺫﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻴﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﻁﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬.
‫ﻭﺼﺤﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺠﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺨﺭ‬.
‫ﻭﺒﺭﻜﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺤﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬.
‫ﻋﺼﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
All Copy Rigth is reseved to wajdy essam
‫ﺘﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬3/7/2005‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ‬3/9/2005

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