![WRITE NONE—SEE ONLY THOSE I MUST
[12]
Oxford, Sept. 21, 1911.
Prof. Young,
My Dear friend:
I am trying to speak to your letter of yesterday, myself, but it is from a very sick
bed.
I write none—see only those I must.
I must see you. Come and see me though only a week. I had hoped to see you
under better conditions.
I replied to your dispatch. Come when you will; all times are alike to me.
Yours sincerely and always,
(Signed) Clara Barton.
12. Her friends who were with her through her last illness say the letter of
which the above is a copy is the last letter written by Clara Barton.
I did not err: there does a sable cloud
Turn forth her silver lining on the night.
Virtue may be assailed, but never hurt,
Surprised by unjust force, but not enthralled;
Yea, even that which Mischief meant most harm
Shall in the happy trial prove most glory](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/73193-250712161341-bfd7b502/85/Programming-Microsoft-SQL-Server-2000-with-Microsoft-Visual-Basic-NET-1st-edition-Edition-Rick-Dobson-44-320.jpg)
Programming Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Microsoft Visual Basic NET 1st edition Edition Rick Dobson
- 1. Programming Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Microsoft Visual Basic NET 1st edition Edition Rick Dobson download pdf https://ebookultra.com/download/programming-microsoft-sql- server-2000-with-microsoft-visual-basic-net-1st-edition-edition-rick- dobson/ Discover thousands of ebooks and textbooks at ebookultra.com download your favorites today!
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- 5. Programming Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Microsoft Visual Basic NET 1st edition Edition Rick Dobson Digital Instant Download Author(s): Rick Dobson, Paul Cornell ISBN(s): 9780735615359, 0735615357 Edition: 1st edition File Details: PDF, 10.60 MB Year: 2002 Language: english
- 7. Programming Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 with Microsoft Visual Basic® .NET Foreword Acknowledgments Introduction Who’s the Book For? What’s Special About This Book? How’s the Book Organized? System Requirem ents Sample Files Support 1. Getting Started with Visual Basic .NET for SQL Server 2000 Visual Studio .NET, the Visual Basic .NET IDE An Overview of ADO.NET Capabilities A Starter ADO.NET Sam ple Using Query Analyzer 2. Tables and Data Types Chapter Resources Data Types for Tables Scripting Tables 3. Program m ing Data Access with T-SQL I ntroduction to Data Access with T-SQL Aggregating and Grouping Rows Processing Dates Joins and Subqueries 4. Program m ing Views and Stored Procedures I ntroduction to Views Creating and Using Views Views for Remote and Heterogeneous Sources I ntroduction to Stored Procedures Creating and Using Stored Procedures Processing Stored Procedure Outputs I nserting, Updating, and Deleting Rows Programm ing Conditional Result Sets 5. Program m ing User-Defined Functions and Triggers I ntroduction to User-Defined Functions Creating and I nvoking Scalar UDFs Creating and I nvoking Table-Valued UDFs I ntroduction to Triggers Creating and Managing Triggers 6. SQL Server 2000 XML Functionality Overview of XML Support XML Formats and Schemas URL Access to SQL Server Template Access to SQL Server 7. SQL Server 2000 Security
- 8. Overview of SQL Server Security I ntroduction to Special Security I ssues Samples for Logins and Users Samples for Assigning Perm issions 8. Overview of the .NET Fram ework An I ntroduction to the .NET Fram ework An Overview of ASP.NET XML Web Services 9. Creating Windows Applications Getting Started with Windows Forms Creating and Using Class References I nheriting Classes Programm ing Events Exception Handling for Run-Tim e Errors 10. Programm ing Windows Solutions with ADO.NET An Overview of ADO.NET Objects Making Connections Working with Command and DataReader Objects DataAdapters , Data Sets, Forms, and Form Controls Modifying, Inserting, and Deleting Rows 11. Programm ing ASP.NET Solutions Review of ASP.NET Design I ssues Creating and Running ASP.NET Solutions Session State Management Data on Web Pages Validating the Data on a Web Page 12. Managing XML with Visual Basic .NET SQL Server Web Releases Overview of XML Technologies Generating XML Documents with the .NET Framework Dynam ically Setting an XML Result Set The I nterplay Between XML and Data Sets Creating HTML Pages with XSLT 13. Creating Solutions with XML Web Services Overview of Web services A Web Service to Return a Com puted Result A Web Service to Return Values from Tables The SQL Server 2000 Web Services Toolkit More on Populating Controls with Web Services About the Author
- 9. Forew ord During m y five years at Microsoft, I ’ve been helping developers understand technologies such as Microsoft Visual Studio, Microsoft SQL Server, and Microsoft Office Developer. During the past two years, I have worked on the Microsoft Office XP Visual Basic Language Reference, and now, the MSDN Office Developer Center. I n the m onthly column on MSDN, Office Talk, I have written articles to help Office developers understand the .NET platform and how it affects their current and future development efforts. As I write this foreword to Rick Dobson’s book on programm ing Microsoft SQL Server solutions with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, I think back to my own experiences developing software applications with Visual Basic. My first experience with Visual Basic was learning the language using version 3.0. I rem ember picking up m y first Visual Basic beginner’s book and being excited as I developed my first few “Hello, World” applications. I couldn’t believe how quick and easy it was to develop software applications that operated sim ilarly to other popular shareware program s of that tim e. However, during that time I also discovered som e of the shortcom ings of Visual Basic as an enterprise-level development language. It was then that I turned my attention to C+ + . I rem ember being very frustrated at trying to learn the language, trying to understand concepts such as pointers, m em ory allocation, and true object-oriented programm ing. I took classes on C+ + at the local university, but I got even m ore frustrated having to wait m onths until I was taught how to create the sim plest Microsoft Windows form, something I did in just a couple of m inutes using Visual Basic. I n my frustration, I gave up trying to learn C+ + and have been using Visual Basic to develop software applications ever since. As each new version of Visual Basic was released, I readied myself to learn new software developm ent technologies. First it was ActiveX control development. Then it was calling the Windows API . Next it was DHTML Applications. Then it was database developm ent using Microsoft SQL Server. I t always seem ed as though I had to learn a new language and a new developm ent paradigm for every new technology that came along. I kept thinking that there had to be an easier and more unified approach. Well, now we’ve reached the advent of the Microsoft .NET platform , and with it, a revolution in the Visual Basic language, Microsoft Visual Basic .NET. I believe that Visual Basic .NET will provide software developers with new opportunities for quickly and easily designing integrated software applications that connect businesses and individuals anytime, anywhere, and on virtually any software device. With advances in the Visual Basic .NET language, Visual Basic .NET developers will finally be on a par with their C+ + and C# counterparts, participating in many high-end developm ent projects. With Visual Studio .NET features such as cross-language debugging, along with Visual Basic .NET conformance to the com mon type system and the com mon language runtime, organizations can drive down their development costs by tapping into the wide range of skills that Visual Basic .NET developers now possess. True object-oriented programm ing is now available in Visual Basic .NET, including features such as inheritance and m ethod overloading. I t’s now simpler to call the Windows API by using the .NET Fram ework Class Libraries. Web application developm ent is now as easy as developing Windows form s–based applications. Database application developm ent is made easier by uniting disparate data object libraries such as DAO, RDO, OLE DB, and ADO under ADO.NET, utilizing the power of XML to consume and transm it relational data over com puter networks. And a new technology, XML Web services, allows Visual Basic .NET developers to host their software applications’ logic over the Web. Additionally, a big issue for
- 10. software developers today is that of software application deploym ent and versioning. I f you don’t agree, just ask any software developer about “DLL hell,” and you’re bound to get an earful. For m any .NET applications, the .NET platform features “copy and paste” or XCOPY deploym ent. (Users simply copy your application files from the source media to any single directory and run the application.) And because .NET no longer relies on the registry, virtually all DLL compatibility issues go away. With this book, Rick aim s to give you the skills you need to program SQL Server solutions with Visual Basic .NET. I know you will find Rick’s book helpful. Rick brings his experience to bear from three previous books: Programm ing Microsoft Access Version 2002 (Microsoft Press, 2001), Program m ing Microsoft Access 2000 (Microsoft Press, 1999), and Professional SQL Server Development with Access 2000 (Wrox Press I nc., 2000). Rick also brings his experience of leading a successful nationwide sem inar tour. More important, I know you will enjoy Rick’s book because of his deep interest in Visual Basic .NET and SQL Server, and in helping you, the professional developer, understand and apply these technologies in your daily software application developm ent projects. Paul Cornell MSDN Office Developer Center http: / / msdn.m icrosoft.com/ officeMicrosoft Corporation February 2002
- 11. Acknow ledgm ents This section offers me a chance to say thank you to all who helped make this book possible. I wish to offer special recognition to five support resources. First, the folks at Microsoft Press have been fantastic. Dave Clark, an acquisitions editor, selected me to write the book just months after I completed another book for Microsoft Press. Dick Brown, m y project editor, staunchly stood up for his perception of how to m ake the book’s organization and content clear to you without being petty or boring to m e. Dick also lightened my load substantially by showing a real knack for editing my text without distorting the original intent. When Dick was especially busy, he handed off some of his load to Jean Ross, who also did an adm irable job. Others at Microsoft Press who contributed to my well- being in one way or another include Aaron Lavin and Anne Hamilton. Second, I had excellent working relations with several professionals within Microsoft. Paul Cornell, a widely known technical editor at Microsoft, was kind enough to share his insights on how to present .NET concepts compellingly. I want to thank Paul especially for writing the Foreword to this book. Karthik Ravindran served as the MSXML Beta Product Lead Engineer at Microsoft Product Support Services during the time that I wrote this book. He provided valuable technical content about the SQL Server 2000 Web releases. Other Microsoft representatives providing moral and technical support for this book include Richard Waym ire and Jan Shanahan. Third, I want to express m y appreciation to the many readers, sem inar attendees, and site visitors who took the time to tell m e what I did right or wrong for them, and also to those who shared their technical support questions with me. It is through this kind of feedback that I am able to know what’s important to practicing developers. I encourage you to visit my m ain Web site (http: / / www.programm ingmsaccess.com) and sign the guest book. The entry form includes space for you to leave your evaluation of this book or your question about a topic covered in the book. I prom ise to do my best to reply personally. I n any event, I definitely read all m essages and use them so that I can serve you better with future editions of this, and other, books. Fourth, I want to tell the world how grateful I am to my wife, Virginia. Without Virginia’s warm support, love, and care, this book would be less professional. She relieves m e of nearly every responsibility around the house when I undertake a book project. In addition, she offers strategic advice on the issues to address and their style of coverage. When I run out of tim e, she even pitches in with the proofreading. Fifth, it is important for me to give praise and glory to my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, who I believe gave m e the strength and wisdom to write this book. I n addition, He gave m e health during the long gestation period that resulted in the birth of this book. I t is my prayer that the book prove to be a blessing to you.
- 12. I ntroduction Anyone who buys a book—or considers buying it—wants to know who the book is for, what sets it apart from others like it, and how the book is organized. This introduction covers those three questions, and it also discusses system requirem ents, sample files, and support. • First, w ho is the book for? There are at least two answers to this question. One answer is that the book targets professional developers (and others aspiring to be professional developers). The second group the book addresses is those who want to build full-featured, secure SQL Server solutions with Visual Basic .NET. • Second, w hat’s special about the book? I hope you com e to believe that the m ost important answer to this question is that the book considered quality and depth of coverage more important than rushing to market. The book will arrive on bookshelves m ore than three months after the official release of the .NET Framework. I t is my wish that you derive value from the extra time taken to develop the m any code samples and the in-depth discussions of advanced topics, such as class inheritance, ASP.NET, and XML Web services. • Third, how is the book organized? The short answer is that there are two main sections. One section introduces SQL Server concepts as it dem onstrates T-SQL (Transact SQL) programming techniques. After conveying SQL Server basic building blocks in the first part, the second part reveals how to put those parts together with Visual Basic .NET and related technologies into SQL Server solutions for handling common database chores. The three support item s include a brief description of the book’s companion CD and how to use it, Microsoft Press Support I nformation for this book, and a summary of system and software requirem ents for the sample code presented in the book. W ho’s the Book For? This book targets professional Visual Basic and Visual Basic for Applications developers. From my seminar tours and Web sites (http: / / www.programm ingmsaccess.com and http: / / www.cabinc.net), I know that these professionals are driven by a passion to deliver solutions to their clients through applying the m ost innovative technologies their clients will accept. In-house developers are the go-to persons for getting results fast— particularly for custom in-house systems and databases. I ndependent developers specialize in serving niche situations that can include under-served business needs and work overflows. I n both cases, these professionals need training m aterials that address practical business requirem ents while showcasing innovative technologies without wasting their tim e. This book strives to serve this broad need in two specific areas. This book is for developers looking for code samples and step-by-step instructions for building SQL Server 2000 solutions with Visual Basic .NET. The book focuses on the integration of SQL Server 2000 with .NET technologies tapped via Visual Basic .NET. I t is my firm belief that you cannot create great SQL Server solutions in any programm ing language without knowing SQL Server. Therefore, this book
- 13. goes beyond traditional coverage of SQL Server for Visual Basic developers. You’ll learn T-SQL program m ing techniques for data access, data manipulation, and data definition. A whole chapter equips you to secure your SQL Server solutions. In addition, there’s plenty of content in this book on Visual Basic .NET and related technologies, such as ADO.NET, ASP.NET, XML (Extensible Markup Language), and XML Web services. The presentation of these technologies demonstrates coding techniques and explores concepts that equip you to build better solutions with SQL Server 2000 databases. I n addition, the book highlights innovations introduced through the Web releases for SQL Server 2000 that integrate SQL Server 2000 tightly with Visual Basic .NET. This isn’t a book about XML, but three of the book’s 13 chapters focus in whole or in part on XML. Therefore, those seeking practical dem onstrations of how to use XML with SQL Server and Visual Basic .NET will derive value from this book. I f you have looked at any of the computer magazines over the past couple of years, you know that XML is coming to a solution near you. However, the rapid pace of XML innovation m ay have dissuaded som e from jum ping on the bandwagon while they wait to see what’s going to last and what’s just a fad. I n the book’s three chapters on XML technology, you’ll learn about XML documents, fragm ents, and formatting as well as related technologies, such as XPath (XML Path Language) queries, XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation), and WSDL (Web Services Description Language). W hat’s Special About This Book? There are several features that make this book stand apart from the flood of books on .NET. One of the m ost important of these is that this book didn’t rush to market but rather shipped m onths after the release of the .NET Framework. This allowed me enough tim e to filter, exam ine, and uncover what were the m ost useful and innovative features for Visual Basic .NET developers building SQL Server solutions. For example, the book includes a whole chapter on creating solutions with XML Web services. That chapter includes two major sections on the SQL Server 2000 Web Services Toolkit, which didn’t ship until the day of the .NET Framework release. The .NET Framework content is at a professional level, but it isn’t just for techies. This book doesn’t assume any prior knowledge of the .NET Framework. I t does assume that you get paid for building solutions programmatically and that at least some of those solutions are for SQL Server databases. Therefore, the book explains basic .NET concepts and dem onstrates how to achieve practical results with those concepts through a huge collection of .NET code samples. This book is about building solutions for SQL Server 2000. I include coverage of the many special features that tie Visual Basic .NET and SQL Server 2000 closely to one another. Although there is coverage of general .NET database techniques, this book dives deeply into T-SQL programm ing techniques so that you can create your own custom database objects, such as tables, stored procedures, views, triggers, and user-defined functions. I n addition, there is separate coverage of the XML features released with SQL Server 2000 as well as separate coverage of the XML features in the first three Web releases that shipped for SQL Server 2000. There are num erous code samples throughout the book. These will equip you to build solutions with Visual Basic .NET, T-SQL, and combinations of the two. Finally, this book is special because of the unique experiences of its author, Rick Dobson. I have trained professional developers in Australia, England, Canada, and throughout the United States. This is my fourth book in four years, and you can find my articles in popular publications and Web sites, such as SQL Server Magazine and MSDN Online. As a Webmaster, my main site
- 14. (http: / / www.programm ingmsaccess.com) serves hundreds of thousands of sessions to developers each year. I constantly exam ine their viewing habits at the site to determ ine what interests them. I n addition, my site features scores of answers to technical support questions subm itted by professional developers. My goal in offering answers to these questions is to stay in touch with practicing developers worldwide so that my new books address the needs of practicing, professional developers. How ’s the Book Organized? There are two main parts to this book tied together by an introductory part. Part II , the first main part, dwells on SQL Server techniques. Part I II builds on the SQL Server background as it lays a firm foundation in .NET techniques for Visual Basic .NET developers. Part I, the introductory part, demonstrates ways to use SQL Server and Visual Basic .NET together. Part I , I ntroduction Part I , which includes only Chapter 1, has three main goals. First, it acquaints you with the basics of Visual Basic .NET within Visual Studio .NET. You can think of Visual Basic .NET as a major upgrade to the Visual Basic 5 or 6 that you are probably using currently. This first section introduces some concepts that you will find useful as you initially learn the landscape of Visual Basic .NET. The second goal of Chapter 1 is to introduce ADO.NET. I f you think of Visual Basic .NET as a major upgrade to Visual Basic 6, ADO.NET is m ore like a major overhaul of ADO. In two sections, you get an introduction to ADO.NET classes— particularly as they relate to SQL Server— and you get a chance to see a couple of beginner sam ples of how to create SQL Server solutions with Visual Basic .NET and ADO.NET. The third goal of the introductory part is to expose you to Query Analyzer. This is a SQL Server client tool that ships with all comm ercial editions of SQL Server 2000. You can think of it as an IDE for T-SQL code. Most of the book’s first part relies heavily on T-SQL, and therefore having a convenient environment for debugging and running T-SQL code is helpful. The final section of Chapter 1 addresses this goal. Part I I , SQL Server Part I I consists of six relatively short chapters that focus substantially on programm ing SQL Server 2000 with T-SQL. Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 introduce T- SQL and SQL Server data types. I f you are going to program SQL Server and create efficient, fast solutions, you m ust learn SQL Server data types, which is one of the main points conveyed by Chapter 2. Many readers will gravitate to Chapter 3 because it introduces core T-SQL program m ing techniques for data access. You’ll apply the techniques covered in this chapter often as you select subsets of rows and colum ns in data sources, group and aggregate rows from a table, process dates, and join data from two or more tables. Chapter 3 also considers special data access topics, such as outer joins, self joins and subqueries. The next pair of chapters in Part I I , Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, take a look at programm ing database objects that you will use for data access and data manipulation, such as views, stored procedures, user-defined functions, and triggers. These database objects are im portant for many reasons, but one of the most important is that they bundle T-SQL statements for their easy reuse. I t is
- 15. Random documents with unrelated content Scribd suggests to you:
- 16. America has her Washingtons, Jeffersons, Lees, and others whose names are written down in the hearts of all Americans, but Clara Barton accomplished a work compared with which the career of generals fade in the distance as a shadow. Pensacola (Fla.) Journal.
- 17. GREATNESS—AN IMMORTAL AMERICAN DESTINY—IMMORTALITY From a speech by Honorable Henry Breckenridge, Acting Secretary of War, representing the United States Government, at the laying of the corner-stone of the American Red Cross Building, at Washington, D. C, March 27, 1915. To every soldier who fought in the Union Army, and survived the war, the name of Clara Barton was known. And as long as the American Red Cross endures or its name is remembered the memory of Clara Barton will be cherished. Her sympathies were universal, her zeal unflagging. She nursed the wounded of two wars on the continents, in our Civil War and in the Franco-Prussian War. She directed the work of her association to the calamities of peace, as well as the stricken fields of war. She was in Cuba before the Spanish War—was on the “Maine” the day before it was blown up, and tended the wounded survivors in the hospital ashore. Wherever humanity called for help—in the Balkans or in Strasburg—in Cuba or in Galveston—in Paris or on the American battlefields of the sixties— there came the ministering hand of Clara Barton. To take an historical perspective, disfavor with a temporary and passing administration means nothing in the end to a name as great and a career as long as Clara Barton’s, as this estimate shows. For a while it may mean on both sides much misconstruction and suffering, but in the end this is forgotten and the fame remains undimmed. Florence Nightingale, at the Crimea, England’s great introducer into the world of the system of women hospital nurses, was actually so ignored by a subsequent English ministry that, though a poor invalid, she was ousted from her minor position in a Governmental office. It caused her intense pain, and although a chronic sufferer from her many labors, she saw herself ignominiously thrown out by new political leaders who, great as they were, could not understand her. But when she became an octogenarian, all this became a buried incident, and all England a few years ago bent to do her homage, when the Lord Mayor of London granted her the freedom of the city,
- 18. and the Golden Casket, England’s highest of honors. Now, since her death, a monument is being erected and nothing is considered too good to let Great Britain make her memory green in the British Isles. Thus will perish the temporary unhappy misunderstanding and misconstruction of 1902–1904, through which Clara Barton suffered. In the atoning stream that swallows time’s ticking seconds of little troubles, its unessentials will be dissolved. Indeed, as demonstrated in nearly 3000 American newspapers in 1912, they have already been dissolved, leaving her character and career eternally crystallized at the base of an enduring national foundation and an immortal American destiny—the greatest an American woman has yet produced.
- 19. © Harris & Ewing HENRY BRECKENRIDGE So long as the American Red Cross endures, and its name is remembered, the memory of Clara Barton will be cherished.— Henry Breckenridge, of Kentucky. Orator of the Day, Assistant Secretary of War, representing the U. S. Government at the laying of the corner stone of the Red Cross Building at Washington, D. C., March 17, 1915; Lieutenant- Colonel World War. See page 368.
- 20. XCIV Clara Barton has built an imperishable monument for herself in the hearts of the people of all creeds. Dallas (Texas) Herald. Clara Barton—her deeds lend honor to her country’s fame. The Outlook. Clara Barton—the embodiment of one vital principle of all creeds, the love of humanity. Detroit Free Press. Before her gentle assault the steel walls of religious prejudice and race hatred melted like a mist. Leadville (Colo.) Herald. Put your Creed in your Deed. Ralph Waldo Emerson. Souls in Heaven are placed by their deeds. Robert Greene. Things of today? Deeds which are honest, for eternity. Ebenezer Elliott. Truly does the Hindoo say, with averted face: “God only is great.” Clara Barton. Without guile, and with pure purpose, let us renew our trust in God. A. Lincoln. Each of the great religions of the world seems to have some good in it. Bishop W. F. McDowell. God bless all the Churches. A. Lincoln. I am profitably engaged in reading the Bible. A. Lincoln. There are few people who have memories of harder Church work and better Church love than I. Clara Barton. In regard to the Great Book, I have only to say that it is the best gift that God has given to man. A. Lincoln.
- 21. What sensations can possess the mind but wonder and adoration for the power of Almighty God, and a humble gratitude that no words can speak. Clara Barton. You believe that God is a Divine Immanence; you believe that God is now communicating himself to humanity and that his loving Presence is here now as ever. Why, then, can’t you call up a direct relationship, rather than going around to the uncertain allusions of Theodore Parker? Clara Barton. In the Universalist Church at Oxford, where Clara Barton attended Church, there is carefully preserved the pulpit in which the famous Reverend Hosea Ballou was ordained in 1794. The Author. Reverend Father Tyler, a memorable Universalist minister, who officiated at the funerals of Father and Mother Barton, on the occasion of her funeral pronounced also at the grave a memorial tribute to Clara. Among her religious friends also were Hosea Ballou, Phillips Brooks, Mary Baker Eddy, Archbishops Gibbons and Ireland. The Author. I firmly believe in the divinity of Jesus Christ, the Jesus of Nazareth, in His life and death, His suffering to save the world from sin, so far as in His power to do so. But it would be difficult for me to stop there, and believe that this spirit of divinity was accorded to none others of God’s creation who, like the Master, took on the living form and, like Him, lived the human life. Clara Barton. Miss Barton does not wait and “wish to be an angel.” She goes right about it. A visible, substantial, present angel she is—a “ministering spirit.” W. H. Armstrong. Over all, spreading its Aegis like a benediction is the great mantle of Christianity, wrapping all in its beneficent folds. Clara Barton.
- 22. WHAT WAS HER RELIGION? Was Clara Barton a Church woman? Of herself she says: “There are few people who have memories of harder Church work and better Church love than I; I have never lost my love for the old Church of my Fathers, my family and my childhood.” Was she a Mormon? A friend of the Mormons, and one of the biggest receptions ever tendered to her was in the tabernacle at Salt Lake City, by the Mormons of Utah. Was she a Mohammedan? She was most cordially received by the Mohammedans, and decorated by the Sultan of Turkey. Was she a Spiritualist? She attended spiritualistic meetings, studied the cult, consulted mediums, and mingled with spiritualists. Commenting on the fact, claimed, that spiritual communications occur between those of this world and those of the other world, she said: “I am more and more filled with wonder how these things can be” but—“I hope so.” Was she a Catholic? She frequently attended the Catholic Church, and counted among her friends Sisters of Mercy, Priests, Bishops, and Archbishops. Was she a Congregationalist? She attended that Church at times. Several Congregational ministers officiated at the funeral, and a beautiful Clara Barton window is preserved in the Congregational Church at Oxford. Was she a Methodist? She attended the Methodist Church, and the Methodists now use Clara Barton leaflets, and other Clara Barton literature, in their Sunday Schools throughout the country. Was she a Christian Scientist? She said: “I do not know enough to be one, nor to understand it,” but she also said: “I cannot see why Universalists should not become Christian Scientists.” She attended the Christian Science Church for three years, but a leading scientist editor said: “We do not claim her, nor do I think any other Church can claim her.” Was she a Universalist? She was reared a Universalist, and in her youth attended the Universalist Church where the famous divine, Hosea Ballou, was pastor and she also requested a Universalist pastor to assist in officiating at her funeral.
- 23. She attended other Churches, and ministers of several denominations officiated at her funeral. Clara Barton says: “I am not what the world denominates a Church woman; I was born to liberal views, and have lived a liberal creed.” But really what was her religion? “Perplexed in faith but pure in deeds,” Clara Barton, to the annoying question so often asked by the curious, answered: “I am a well disposed pagan.”
- 24. XCV I never had a mission and I don’t know what I should do with one, if I had it. Clara Barton. We all tumble over opportunities for being brave and good, at every step we take. Life is just made up of such opportunities. Clara Barton. Wanting to work is so rare a merit that it should be encouraged. A. Lincoln. There are other altars than that of Venus on which to light your fires—work, incessant, hard, earnest work. Sir William Osler. How much of the sweets of life one loses in the rush of it. Clara Barton. I lost two months entire, but the time went on and spun its web each day. Clara Barton. The gray haired military chieftain, whom all would recognize were I to name him, was correct when he once said to me: “Strange as it may seem, the days of ‘rest’ at the field are the hardest days.” Clara Barton. I always had a passion for service. Clara Barton. Honest labor bears a lovely face. Thomas Decker. Labor: All labor is noble and holy. Frances Sargent Osgood. Work ye, and God will work. Joan of Arc. Life is a great bundle of little things. O. W. Holmes. Life is made up, not of great sacrifices or duties, but of little things. Sir Humphrey Davy. Nothing is of greater value than a single day. Goethe. Life is but a day at most. Burns.
- 25. Life is a short day, but it is a working day. Hannah Moore. Living is doing. Clara Barton. “Even while we say there is nothing we can do, we stumble over opportunities for service that we are passing by in our tear-blinded, self-pity.” Clara Barton. I have had more work than I could do lying around my feet, and try to get it out of my way so I can go on to the next. Clara Barton. There is but one method, and that is hard labor. Sidney Smith. If God works, Madam, you can afford to work also. Julia Ward Howe. Clara Barton was a worker from infancy. She gave to the world nearly a century of work, taking neither vacation nor recreation. Alice Hubbard. Women, always—as a rule—have worked harder than men. Clara Barton. I do hope I may live long enough to get the story of my life and my life’s work in shape for publication. I am doing this ill in bed (at 90 years of age), sometimes working until two or three o’clock in the morning. Clara Barton.
- 26. ONE DAY WITH CLARA BARTON How so much was accomplished in the lifetime of one woman may be understood by reading “One Day with Clara Barton,” as described by herself in a personal letter to a friend: “How shall I manage to be a woman of business, and act like a lady of leisure? How strangely odd it seemed to me when I read your pretty description of how your time was passed, that you could dress for breakfast, help do some little things about the house, get ready for tea and walk after it. When did I see such days, or even one such day. If it would not take too long I could tell you something of how I pass a day. Let me try; and as one day is a fair sample of another, suppose I take yesterday as I remember it better than any other. Well, let me brush up my hair and try to think. First, I rose when I could see to dress, I suppose a little past four, went into my bath room, and bathed thoroughly in preparation for a scorching day and partly made my toilet; then read my chapter in the scriptures by myself, and offered my own prayer and thanksgiving (no family service to unite in like you, and I have too much of the dust of old Plymouth Rock sticking to me to omit it); then finished a hurried toilet, and sat down to a French lesson at half past six; went to my breakfast at seven, commenced my French recitation, lasted until eight; after this put my chamber and myself in order and started for the office; called on my dress-maker on my way and tried on a dress; called at the post office and found one business letter; and reached the office at nine; distance little over a mile, and then commenced the tug of war. I wrote until three o’clock P. M., took an omnibus home, took my writing, or a portion of it, along with me (don’t tell; it’s against the rule), reached home at three-thirty, took a hurried bath, went to dinner and at four-thirty was seated at my table writing for my life. Did not leave my room again, or scarce arose from my table until twelve o’clock, when I retired and slept as fast and hard as I could until daylight in preparation for a repetition of the same. Perhaps you wish, or are curious, to know how much I accomplished in all that time. Ten thousand words of bold round record which must live and be legible when the mound which once covered me
- 27. shall have become a hollow and the moss-covered headstone, with ‘born’ and ‘died’ no longer to be traced upon its time-worn front shall have buried itself beneath the kindred turf.” Working twenty hours out of the twenty-four would give almost any woman the reputation of being a genius. Thinking the woman who had done things held the secret of woman’s success, a touring party of ambitious young ladies called on Clara Barton, in her later years, at Glen Echo. The following conversation took place: Vassar Girl—Miss Barton, these other ladies and myself called to pay our respects. We have heard much of you since we were little girls. A few weeks ago, in the class of ——, we graduated from Vassar College. We, as you have done, wish to do some good in the world. We cannot decide what we should do; we want your advice. Clara Barton—My dear young lady, do the first thing that comes to your hand. Do it well. Then do the next thing. Do that well. Then do the next thing, just so keep on doing——. Clara Barton then pinned a Red Cross badge on each of these young ladies, the happiest visitors when leaving, says Miss Barton’s secretary, that he had ever seen in that “house of rough hemlock boards.”
- 28. XCVI Finally Clara Barton was forced out of her position in May, 1904. New York Examiner. Clara Barton—antagonism she encountered. But in all of them she bore herself with a poise that lost for her no friends. Utica (N. Y.) Observer. I know there is a God, and he hates injustice. A. Lincoln. There were no heroes, there were no martyrs. Bulwer-Lytton. Great women belong to history and self-sacrifice. Leigh Hunt. I am in the Garden of Gethsemane now, and my cup of bitterness is full to the overflowing. A. Lincoln. Let us have faith that right makes might. A. Lincoln. Why should there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate justice of the people? Is there any better, or equal, hope in the world? A. Lincoln. Beneficence breeds gratitude, gratitude admiration, admiration fame, and the world remembers its benefactors. President Woodrow Wilson. To be great is to be misunderstood. Ralph Waldo Emerson. The people will never understand the motive, and of course cannot comprehend that it was necessary for the “aspirants” to resort to “charges” in order to accomplish their purpose,—to gain possession of the Red Cross. Clara Barton.
- 29. What you are speaks so loud I cannot hear what you say. Ralph Waldo Emerson. Crowns of roses fade; crowns of thorns endure. Calvaries and Crucifixions take deepest hold of humanity; the triumphs of might are transient, they pass and are forgotten; the sufferings of the right are graven deepest on the chronicles of nations. Father Ryan. Alas! I have not words to tell my grief: To vent my sorrows would be some relief. Dryden. For the heart must speak when The lips are dumb. Kate Putnam Osgood. Clara Barton speaketh from the heart in eloquence pathetic and convincing; through her own words, written to Professor Charles Sumner Young at this time (1904), are “The most vital, and interesting of a wonderful life and a wonderful work, and few men hear of it without envy and emulation.” New York Sun.
- 30. THE PERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE— CLARA BARTON’S PROPOSED SELF- EXPATRIATION Occurring in October, 1911, in the sick room at Oxford, was the following interview: Mr. Young: Miss Barton, you once requested me to do a certain thing for you. I did not do it then and I won’t do it now, so please don’t ask it. Miss Barton: What’s that? I don’t understand. Mr. Young: You requested me to destroy a certain letter. I did not do it. Miss Barton: Was that the letter in which I asked you to take me to Mexico? And why did you not destroy it as I requested? Mr. Young: That’s the letter. It is now in a safe deposit box in Los Angeles. I did not destroy it because, in my opinion, that letter would do more in your defense than any argument that could be put up by the greatest lawyers in America. What you wrote at the time of your persecution, in confidence to a friend with a request that the letter be destroyed, the American people would believe. No slander would stand for a moment against your heart’s secrets, thus told to a friend. In case I should die before you do, I have arrangements with a mutual personal friend that in any event the letter will be published after you shall have passed. Miss Barton: (Hesitatingly, then very frankly): Mr. Young, you are a very wise man; possibly you are right. Anyway, do what you please with that letter when I am gone. Now, Mr. Young, I meant it. For several months I was getting together my belongings and adjusting my affairs so that I could go. There were but two countries where the Red Cross did not exist; one was China, and the other Mexico. I did not want to go to China, but I did want to go to Mexico. Oh! Well, it’s probably best that I did not go; if I had gone I might not be alive now. Freedom lives hence, and banishment is here. Shakespeare.
- 31. Have stooped my neck under your injuries, eating the bitter bread of banishment. Shakespeare. The letter referred to and similar correspondence follow:
- 32. THE WAIL OF AN ACHING HEART Glen Echo, Maryland, January 13, 1904. My dear Mr. Young: It is a blessing to your friends that you have a good memory. Otherwise, how should you have carried the recollection of poor me, all these weary months running into years and, through friends all unknown to me, sent such tribute of respect. I waited, after receiving the notices from you, to be sure of the arrival. I have directed the acknowledgement to be made to Mr. and Mrs. Canfield, but words tell so little; you will, I am sure, thank them for me. You will never know how many times I have thought of you, in this last, hard and dreadful year to me. I cannot tell you, I must not, and yet I must. So much of the time, under all the persecution it has seemed to me I could not remain in the country, and have sought the range of the world for some place among strangers and out of the way of people and mails—and longed for some one to point out a quiet place in some other land; my thoughts have fled to you, who would at least tell me a road to take, outside of America, and who would ask of the authorities of Mexico if a woman who could not live in her own country might find a home, or a resting place, in theirs.
- 33. © Hartsook. CHAMP CLARK Clara Barton rendered her country and her kind great and noble service.—Champ Clark, of Missouri. Congress, 1893–1895; 1897–1921; Speaker of the House, 1911–1921. REPRESENTATIVE OF UNITED STATES CONGRESS
- 34. CHARLES F. CURRY DENVER S. CHURCH Clara Barton, one of the great characters of history; unselfish and altruistic in her service for humanity; an American, intensely patriotic, but with an international mind and sympathy that embraced all humanity.—Charles F. Curry, of California. Congress 1913— I regard Clara Barton one of the greatest women that ever lived.—Denver S. Church, of California. Congress, 1913–1919. This will all sound very strange to you—you will wonder if I am “out of my mind”—let me answer—no; and if you had only a glimpse of what is put upon me to endure, you would not wonder, and in the goodness of your heart, would hold the gate open to show me a mule-track to some little mountain nook, where I might escape and wait in peace. Don’t think this is common talk with me, I have never said it to others; and yet I think they, who know me best, may mistrust that I cannot endure everything and will try in some way to relieve myself. To think of sitting here through an “investigation” by the country I have tried to serve,—“in the interest of harmony,” they say, when I have never spoken a discordant word in my life, meaningly, but have worked on in silence under the fire of the entire press of the U. S. for twelve months,—forgiven all, offered friendship, —and am still to be “investigated,” for “inharmony,” “unbusinesslike methods,” and too many years—all of these I cannot help. I am still unanimously bidden to work on for “life,” bear the burden of an organization—meet its costs myself—and am now threatened with the expenses of an “investigation.” Can you wonder that I ask a bridle track? And that some other country might look inviting to me? Mr. Young, this unhappy letter is a poor return to make for your friendly courtesy, but so long my dark thoughts have turned to you that I cannot find myself with the privilege of communicating with you without expressing them. I cannot think where I have found the courage to do it, but I have.
- 35. I know how unwise a thing it seems but if the pressure is too great the bands may break, that may be my case, and fearing that my better judgment might bid me put these sheets in the fire—I send them without once glancing over. You will glance them over and put them in the fire. Forgive me. You need not forget, but kindly remember, rather, that they are the wail of an aching heart and that is all. Nature has provided a sure and final rest for all the heart aches that mortals are called to endure. If you are in the East again, and I am here, I pray you come to me. Receive again my thanks and permit me to remain, Your friend, (Signed) Clara Barton. Earth naught nobler knows Than is the victim brave beneath his cross. ’Tis in the shadow that the dawn-light grows. Archag Tchobanian.
- 36. SCHEMERS—DEFAMERS—PIRATES Bakersfield Club, Bakersfield, Cal., February 2, 1904. My Dear Miss Barton: Your favor of January 13 received, and read with exceeding interest. Mr. and Mrs. Canfield appreciate your letter to them personally, as well as your kind words sent through me, in recognition of their slight token of high regard for you. While here a day or two ago, Mrs. Canfield requested me to convey these sentiments to you. Now, Miss Barton, why you have confided in obscure me is a mystery I cannot solve; such a compliment is more than I can hope to deserve. (Having written the above General W. R. Shafter came into the Library and sat beside me at the table. I stopped writing and we entered into a discussion of you and your affairs. He is exceedingly complimentary to you and of your work. He especially requested me to extend to you his greetings and sincerest good wishes.) I have known for several years more of the secret plottings than you think. From our mutual friends I have known also of your heart aches and the causes, and a thousand times have wished that I might say something, or do something, so that you might know that in my inmost heart I was in sympathy with you and your struggle against the coterie of schemers. I have also wished that I might have power long enough to show you in what esteem you are held by the households in America; what a charm attaches to your name wherever spoken,—such as neither royalty possesses nor money buys. Your defamers no more represent the American people than pirates upon the high seas the country from which they spring. The unanimous vote of confidence, last week by the Woman’s Club of Bakersfield enthusiastically expressed by all present rising to their feet, was but one manifestation among tens of thousands of similar ones which would occur if the facts were known. I hope you will soon hear of similar evidence of love for you and fidelity of your friends from organizations elsewhere in California, including the State Federation of Women soon to convene in Sacramento. My Uncle, General Ross, never told me of any event in his military career with so much pride as that of offering you his services, and acting as your lieutenant in the ware-house of the Red Cross at Havana. Likewise would I be proud of the distinction to serve you in the most humble capacity, either for the cause you represent or for yourself personally.
- 37. While I do not, and can not, take seriously even the remotest suggestion that you might seek retirement and seclusion, I would gladly volunteer to be your Kit Carson over any mountain trail leading to happiness. I don’t think the American people will ever permit your forced retirement, but in the event you should voluntarily withdraw from public service, I would indeed be glad to suggest to some of my friends, who I am sure would esteem it an honor and privilege, to offer you a home in Los Angeles and a competence the rest of your life. I expect to be in the East again soon and hope to have the honor of seeing you. I have in mind several things I would like to talk over with you, and thank you kindly for the invitation to call at your home in Glen Echo. If in my humble way I can be of any service to you, you will please remember that you have but to command me. Believe me, Sincerely your friend, (Signed) C. S. Young. To Miss Clara Barton, Glen Echo, Maryland. Whispering tongues can poison truth. Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The paths of charity are over roadways of ashes; and he who would travel them must be prepared to meet opposition, misconstruction, jealousy, and calumny. Clara Barton. And when they had crucified him, they parted his garments, casting lots upon them what every man should take. St. Mark.
- 38. SHE READ THE ACTORS LIKE A BOOK EXECUTIVE OFFICE 6 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. July 11th, 1907. Mr. C. S. Young, Los Angeles, California. My dear Mr. Young: I wonder if I have ever said a word in reply to your comforting letter of May. If I have or have not said anything on paper I have in my heart answered it many times and bless both you and Mrs. Logan for your kindliness and trust. I have never in my life had a moment’s doubt of the loyalty of Mrs. Logan. She stood the brunt of the battle while she could, and longer than I wished her to. She foresaw what was coming with her keen knowledge of human nature and thorough political training. She read the actors like a book. I well remember one night when she made this remark, and it was comparatively early in the game. Looking earnestly at me she said, calling me by name, “At first I called this prosecution, then I called it persecution, but now I name it crucifixion, and that is what they mean.” I knew it too but there was no redress, no course but to wait the resurrection if it came. The trust even of one’s best friends, under the circumstances, and knowing nothing of the facts could not be expected to withstand it. That it was physically withstood was beyond either the expectation or the intention. But, my good friend, that is all passed. The press no longer turns its arrows upon me. The harvest was not what the reapers expected, and I suspect if it were all to be done over again in the light of their newly gained experience it would not be done. I would like to tell you some day of the newer work that occupies, and will take pleasure in sending you a report issued at our second annual meeting when it leaves the press. I am writing from Boston, where I am spending a few days at our headquarters, but return soon to Glen Echo, where I hope to see you whenever circumstances call you to the East. Again thanking you most warmly for your letter, which brought me much satisfaction, and wishing the best of all good things for you I am, dear Mr. Young, Most cordially yours, (Signed) Clara Barton.
- 39. A TRIBUTE And Marie of Logan; she went with them too, A bride, scarcely more than a sweetheart, ’tis true, Her young cheek grows pale when bold troopers ride Where the “Black Eagle” soars she is close at his side. Clara Barton. The name of Clara Barton will forever shine among women who won deathless fame in the days of war that called for loyal effort. Phebe A. Hanaford, Author. For patriotism, for national honor, I would stand by that at all cost. Clara Barton. If my life could have purchased the life of the patriot martyrs who fell for their country and mine, how cheerfully and quickly would the exchange have been made. Clara Barton. What king so strong, Can tie the gall up in the slanderous tongue? Shakespeare. The following are excerpts from letters written to the author:
- 40. LOVED AND LOYALLY TRIED TO SERVE In April, 1909, she writes as follows: “Does ‘Mexico’ recall to your mind a request I once made of you that you should see me across the border line of that strange country? However much I needed it and whether well or ill I never knew. I only know I did not go. But my own country seemed to me so hard that I thought I could not live it through. “The Government which I thought I loved and loyally tried to serve has shut every door in my face and stared at me insultingly through its windows. What wonder I want to leave? “The locks have never turned, the doors are rusted in their hinges. The old warders go out and the new ones come in, sworn faithfully to their charge, with no knowledge of why they are charged to do it; ignorant of every fact, simply enemies by transmission; and yet I stay represented as of ‘doubtful integrity,’ ‘weak,’ ‘decrepit,’ ‘imbecile,’ but yet, very ‘dangerous.’” She then draws a picture of a Sultan of Turkey who was made a prisoner. “He was locked in and I locked out, but my whole country seemed my prison and I struggled to free myself of it. Pardon me, I never thought to recall the disagreeable subject again, but like the boy’s whistle it ‘blew itself.’” A time to keep silence, and a time to speak. Ecclesiastes. I am reminded of what Theodore Parker used to say so piteously of himself—‘I can never talk but I talk too much.’ Clara Barton. The following is an excerpt from a letter under date of Nov. 9, 1909:
- 41. THE STRICTEST SILENCE “There has never been an occasion, nor a time, when I have so missed my old time privilege of speaking in behalf of a friend. I never before have so fully realized what a pleasure that privilege had been to me through half a century. It is a change to me, to come to feel that my only help must lie in the strictest silence; an expressed wish for any one would be fatal; not perhaps with President Taft personally, for I am of small importance to him, if he even knows me, but from the advice he would be sure to receive from those he does know. So I wait and hope....” Excerpts from letter written under date of Dec. 14, 1909:
- 42. OVER THE MEXICAN LINE May 31st, the date runs, and I know I never answered that letter, for I never in my life could have answered a letter like that, but still more, I never even tried to. Discouraged at the onset and gave up the encounter. A glimpse at the topics it handled were so far beyond any reply from the “likes o’ me.” “Great services unnoticed”—“Future remembrances when others are forgotten”—“To be told in story and sung in other lands”—poor little me who has never seen the present Ruler of her own country! “Then let us hope, and although you may never escort me over the Mexican line, I have never lost sight of the darkness of the day when I proposed that you should.” If it were not my firm belief in an overruling Providence. A. Lincoln. Excerpts from a letter under date of November 21, 1910:
- 43. A GREATER POWER AND A WISER MIND “How well I remember when I once asked you to escort me over! and I never can understand why I failed to go; a Greater Power and a Wiser Mind were guiding me, no doubt——” To God my life was an open page, He knew what I would be; He knew how the tyrant passions rage, How wind swept was all my anchorage, And why I would drift to sea. He who hath a thousand friends hath none to spare. Ali Ben Abou Taleb. I am never weary when meeting my friends. Clara Barton. Clara Barton’s intellect was never keener, clearer nor more alert than it is now (1911). Stephen E. Barton. The report which went out that I was ill set the country, nay the world, by the ears and the letters came pouring in by the score, yes, and more. Clara Barton. Such beautiful letters! I have read them through tears. Clara Barton.
- 44. WRITE NONE—SEE ONLY THOSE I MUST [12] Oxford, Sept. 21, 1911. Prof. Young, My Dear friend: I am trying to speak to your letter of yesterday, myself, but it is from a very sick bed. I write none—see only those I must. I must see you. Come and see me though only a week. I had hoped to see you under better conditions. I replied to your dispatch. Come when you will; all times are alike to me. Yours sincerely and always, (Signed) Clara Barton. 12. Her friends who were with her through her last illness say the letter of which the above is a copy is the last letter written by Clara Barton. I did not err: there does a sable cloud Turn forth her silver lining on the night. Virtue may be assailed, but never hurt, Surprised by unjust force, but not enthralled; Yea, even that which Mischief meant most harm Shall in the happy trial prove most glory
- 45. DATA AS TO THE TWENTY-FIRST MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT Number Enlisted men leaving Worcester, August 23, 1861 1,001 Total enlisted men throughout the war 1,277 Number Ages 1 Emery G. Wilson, Co. K. 15 years 5 17 years 101 18 years 111 19 years 140 20 years 358 Total number under 21 years 170 at the age of 21 years 574 between 22 years and 30 years 120 between 30 years and 40 years 50 between 40 years and 48 years 2 at the age of 46 years 1 at the age of 47 years 2 at the age of 53 years 1277 Of this number 560 were killed or wounded in battle. The regiment was a member of the ninth-army Corps under General Burnside, a corps that did not lose a color nor a gun. Membership of the Twenty-first Massachusetts Regiment Association August 23, 1921–61.
- 46. Carrie E. Cutter, Daughter, 1861–1862. Clara Barton, Daughter, 1862–1912. Flora S. Chapin, Secretary and Daughter, 1912——. Miss Carrie E. Cutter, delicate and accomplished, was known as the Florence Nightingale of the Twenty-first. She was the daughter of Calvin E. Cutter, surgeon of the regiment; died in the service as nurse, March 24, 1862. Aged, nineteen years and eight months. Mrs. Flora S. Chapin is the daughter of Reverend Charles E. Simmons Hospital Steward in the Civil War, under Surgeons Calvin E. Cutter and James Oliver, of the Twenty-first Massachusetts Regiment. Clara Barton was the daughter of non-commissioned officer Stephen Barton. He enlisted in 1793, serving three years in the Indian wars (1793–97), and later was known by his friends as “Captain Barton.” Clara Barton, then a war nurse and nearly forty-one years of age, was made Daughter of the Regiment on the battlefield of Antietam, in October, 1862. This was a few days after President Lincoln had reviewed the Army of the Potomac, the review occurring October third. The army at that time numbered about 145,000 men. It was towards nightfall, and the regiment was on dress parade. “She made a little speech,” says Comrade James Madison Stone, “and there was cemented a friendship begun under fire which was destined to last to the end of the lives of all the participants.” Says Captain Charles F. Walcott of the Twenty-first Regiment (afterward Brigadier-General), and the author of the history of the regiment: “Our true friend, Miss Barton, a Twenty-first woman to the backbone, was now permanently associated with the regiment and, with two four-mule covered wagons which by her untiring efforts she kept well supplied with delicacies in the way of food and articles of clothing, was a ministering angel to our sick. General Sturgis kindly ordered a detail from the regiment of drivers and assistants about her wagon. And this true, noble woman, never sparing herself nor failing in her devotion to our suffering men, always maintained her womanly dignity, and won the lasting respect and love of our officers and men.” Clara Barton’s last message to the regiment was delivered forty- five years after the Civil War, through an address and original poem, she then being eighty-nine years of age. The occasion was the annual
- 47. reunion of the regiment, the date August 23, 1910; the reunion held at Worcester, Massachusetts.
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