Progress mark 2
- 2. SANS 10400 PART XA - ENERGY EFFIECIENCY AND ENERGY USA IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT THE SABS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE (SC 59G) THAT HAS BEEN DELIBERATING ON ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS HAS FINALLY RELEASED THEIR PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO SANS 10400. THE DOCUMENT IS CALLED ‘SANS 10400 PART XA: ENERGY USAGE. THIS AMENDMENT HAS TO DO WITH THE ENERGY THAT A BUILDING LOSES AND HOW MUCH ENERGY IT CAN GENERATE AT THE SAME TIME. THE BUILDINGS ARE THEN RATED ACCORDING TO HOW FAST AND HOW MUCH ENERGY IT LOSES THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY LOSS NEEDS TO BE MAINTAINED AS TO NOT ALLOW FOR THE BUILDING TO LOSE MORE ENERGY THAN IT IS PRODUCING THIS AMENDMENT REQUIRES THAT ALL NEW BUILDINGS IN SOUTH AFRICA ARE TO MAKE USE OF SOLAR WATER HEATING, HEAT PUMPS OR HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS TO HEAT AT LEAST 50% OF THE BUILDINGS HOT WATER SUPPLY
- 3. ARCHITECTS ARE TRAINED INDIVIDUALS WHO DEVELOP CONCEPTUAL IDEAS FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURESM THEN TURN THOSE CONCEPTS INTO THE DESIGNS AND PLANS THAT ARE USED TO GUIDE THE BUILDING PROCESS. THROUGHOUT THIS PROCESS, ARCHITECTS TAKE ON A NUMBER OF DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: ARCHITECTS ARE EXPECTED TO HAVE A REASONABLE WORKING KNOWLEGDE OF THE LAWS AND LEGISLATIONS GOVERNING DESIGN AND BUILDING WORKS. THE ARCHITECT HAS TO ENSURE THAT HIS PLANS COMPLY WITH THE ACTS AND REGULATIONS SOMETIMES DUE TO THE COMPLEXITIES OF SOME PROJECTS, THE ARCHITECT WILL USUALLY DELEGATE A LARGE AMOUNT OF THE TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF A DESIGN TO OTHER SKILLED PROFESSIONALS SUCH AS MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS, QUANTITY SURVEYORS, ETC, AND SHOULD THEN INFORM THE CLIENT OF THIS. DESIGN RESPONSIBILITIES OF AN ARCHITECT CAN RANGE FROM THE AESTHETIC DESIGNS OF A BUILDING TO SPECIFICATIONS, SELECTION OF FINISHES, AND THE CHOICE OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES. THE ARCHITECT MUST EXERCISE SKILL AND CARE IN THE EXECUTION OF HIS DESIGNS AND IN THE CHOICE AND SPECIFICATION OF MATERIALS
- 4. THE ARCHITECT HAS TO HAVE A HIGH DUTY OF CARE TO HIS EMPLOYER TO ENSURE THAT HIS DESIGN IS SUITABLE FOR THE PURPOSE MADE KNOWN TO HIM THE ARCHITECT IS TO OBSERVE AND INVESTIGATE THE SITE TO DETERMINE WHETHER THERE ARE ANY PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS WHICH MAY AFFECT THE SITE OR BUILDING. HE SHOULD ALSO OBTAIN PLANS FROM THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES SHOWING ANY PLANNING CONSTRAINTS. IF THE ARCHITECT DOES NOT HAVE THE SUITABLE EQUIPMENT TO CONDUCT A PROPER SITE INVESTIGATION, HE MUST ADVISE THE CLIENT TO MAKE USE OF A SUAITABLE PROFESSIONAL SUCH AS A LAND SURVEYOR, ETC TO CONDUCT THE INVESTIGATION AN ARCHITECT IS OFTEN ASKED TO PRODUCE A DESIGN WITHIN A GIVEN BUDGET, AND IN THIS CASE, THE ARCHITECT MAY BE UNDER A DUTY TO DESIGN WORKS CAPABLE OF BEING CARRIED OUT AT A REASONABLE COST, WHILST CONSIDERING ITS SCOPE AND FUNCTION THE ARCHITECT HAS THE DUTY OF RECOMMENDING THE FORM OF CONTRACT TO BE USED TO HIS EMPLOYER, ENSURING THAT HE IS FAMILIAR WITH THAT FORM OF CONTRACT AND IS ABLE TO ADMINISTER THAT CONTRACT THE ARCHITECT IS TO ENSURE THAT THE PLANS, DRAWINGS AND DETAILS ARE ISSUED TO HIS EMPLOYER AND THE CONTRACTOR WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME IT IS ALSO THE DUTY OF THE ARCHITECT TO SUPERVISE THE BUILDING WORKS FOR WHICH HE/SHE HAS DESIGNED, ENSURING THAT THE BUILDING WORKS ARE CARRIED OUT ACCORDING TO THE PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS AND THE FORMS OF THE BUILDING CONTRACT, AS WELL AS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ACTS AND REGULATIONS. THIS INCLUDES THE PREVENTION, DETECTION, AND CORRECTION OF DEFECTIVE WORK WHILST ENSURING THAT THE MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP CONFORM TO THE CONTRACTURAL REQUIREMENTS WHERE THE TERMS OF THE CONTRACT REQUIRE THE ARCHITECT TO CERTIFY PAYMENTS TO THE CONTRACTOR, THE ARCHITECT IS TO ENSURE THAT THE WORKS ARE CARRIED OUT TO HIS SATISFACTION BEFORE HE CAN CERTIFY THE PAYMENT
- 5. THE LIST OF TENDER DOCUMENTS GENERALLY INCLUDES: A TENDER DOCUMENT IS A WRITTEN INVITATION WHICH IS SENT TO POTENTIAL SUPPLIERS OF o INSTRUCTIONS TO TENDERERS A GOOD OR SERVICE INFORMING THEM o FORM OF TENDER ABOUT THE INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR o GENERAL CONDITION OF THE BUYER TO CHOOSE AMONG THEM. CONTRACT o SPECIAL CONDITION OF ISSUING A TENDER DOCUMENT TYPICALLY CONTRACT BEGINS THE TENDER PROCESS BY WHICH A o GENERAL SPECIFICATION BUSINESS SELECTS QUALIFIED AND o PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION INTERESTED SUPPLIERS BASED ON THINGS o BILL OF QUANTITIES SUCH AS THEIR PRICE, AVAILABILITY, AND o METHODS OF MEASUREMENT PROPOSED DELIVERY TERMS. A LACK OF o TENDER DRAWINGS ADEQUATE INFORMATION IN THE TENDER o ADDITIONAL APPENDICES DOCUMENTS WILL, AS A RESULT, LEAD TO o FORM OF AGREEMENT DISPUTES AND CLAIMS DURING AND AT THE END OF THE CONTRACT
- 6. THINGS TO REMEMBER WHEN SETTING UP TENDER DOCUMENTS: o FOCUS ON THE CLIENT – TALK ABOUT THEIR NEEDS AND HOW YOU CAN SOLVE THEIR PROBLEMS o HELP THE CLIENT COME UP WITH IDEAS o MAKE SURE YOU COVER EVERYTHING IN THE QUALIFICATIONS DOCUMENT o VALUE FOR MONEY, AND NOT JUST THE PRICE, DECIDES MOST BIDS – EMPHASISE RISK REDUCTION, LOW MAINTENANCE, QUALITY, RELAIBILITY, ETC o ANALYSE ALL THE COST AND PRICING FACTORS OF THE CONTRACT o SHOW YOU HAVE THE RESOURCES TO DO THE WORK IN A COST – EFFECTIVE WAY TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE CLIENT, HIT DEADLINES, AND RESPOND WELL TO CHANGING SITUATIONS
- 7. THE BILLS OF QUANITITES IS THE MOST COMMON FORM OF PRICING STRATEGY USED WHERE THE CONTRACTOR UNDERTAKES CONSTRUCTION ON THE BASIS OF FULL DESIGNS ISSUED BY THE EMPLOYER THE BILLS OF QUANTITIES IS SOMETIMES ALSO REFERRED TO AS A ‘SCHEDULE OF QUANTITIES’ AND IS A LIST OF ITEMS AND ITS MEASURED OR ESTIMATED QUANTITIES AS WELL AS A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK TO BE PERFORMEDUNDER THE CONTRACT. THE QUANTITIES AND DESCRIPTIONS ARE DETERMINED AND MEASURED FROM DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS
- 8. THE BoQ HAS TWO PURPOSES: THE USE OF A BoQ ON CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS o PRESENTING INFORMATION TO THE PERMITS 4 IMPORTANT TENDERES ENABLING THEM TO PRICE OBJECTIVES TO BE ACHIEVED: EACH INDIVIDUAL ITEMS AS IT RELATES TO THE DATA STIPULATED IN THE CONTRACT, THE SCOPE OF THE o THE TENDERERS ARE PROVIDED WITH WORK, AND THE SITE ENOUGH INFORMATION REGARDING THE INFORMATION, ALLOWING THE EXTENT OF THE WORK REQUIRED TO TENDERERS TO ARRIVE AT A TOTAL OF ENABLE THEM TO ACCURATLEY AND PRICES CONFIDENTLY PREPARE RESPONSIVE TENDERS o ALLOWS THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR o TENDER PRICES CAN BE OBJECTIVELY EVALUATING TENDERS TO UNDERSTAND COMPARED AS THEY HAVE BEEN HOW THE WORKS HAVE BEEN PRICED SUBMITTED USING THE SAME INFORMATION o IF ALL THE WORK HAS BEEN MEASURED, EMPLOYERS CAN DETERMINE, BEFORE-HAND, THE COST OF CONTRACTS WITH A HIGH DEGREE OF ACCURACY o THE VALUE OF WORK CARRIED OUT AT ANY STAGE OF A CONTRACT CAN BE OBJECTIVLEY DETERMINED
- 9. Before any form of building work can begin, contracts need to be signed and the building licence approval is obtained. The builder can then begin construction on site. After signing the contract with the builder the architect then has to administer the contract and assure that the building is constructed according to the documents. The architects also signs and certifies any changes, claims for payment, and alterations during that period. Once the building is completed, the architect is to issues a final certificate which ends the contracts between the builder and architect.