The document discusses project-based learning (PBL) as an educational methodology that engages students in extensive inquiry to tackle complex questions or challenges, emphasizing significant content and 21st-century competencies. It outlines essential elements of PBL, including collaboration, motivation, and the importance of a clear assessment structure while noting the challenges of time and inflexible educational systems. Tools for creating final products in PBL are diverse, ranging from posters to podcasts, and assessment includes self, peer, and teacher evaluations.