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Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-1
Chapter 7
Quality and Performance
NOTES for the Instructor:
The study projects and the cases are posed as challenging assignments to students.
This study guide elaborates all the material needed to teach those study guides
and cases. The study projects can be assigned in two different ways:
a. If you want to evaluate the ability of the students to form assumptions,
research for materials, and understand the study projects, you can ask the
students to work on the study project without any additional information.
In this case, the students should be encouraged to obtain necessary
information using the Internet.
b. If you want to provide all the information, you can provide that
information shown in the following pages to solve the study projects.
Objectives
• Manage project quality as seen by quality gurus
• Determine how performance in projects are measured
• Define cost of quality
• Implement quality planning, assurance, and control in projects
• Measure project value, project performance, and project scope
Cases
• Information technology Case: SAP Project at NIBCO, Inc.
• Healthcare IT Case: Memorial Hospital of South Bend: Computerized Physician
Order Entry Project
• Financial Services IT Case: Syndicated Community Bank: Core Banking Systems
Replacement Project
• General Construction Case: Craig Constructions, Inc.: A Home Improvement
Project
Review Questions
1. Performance of a project can be defined as the execution or accomplishment of a
project to fulfill customer requirements in accordance with the project scope.

2. Project value is a relative worth or importance that is monetary in nature.
3. Quality is defined as conformance to requirements. Deming defined quality as a
predictable degree of uniformity and dependability at low cost suitable to the
market. Juran defined quality as something that satisfies customer needs. Project
quality is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of a project fulfill
project scope.
4. Some of the main differences are in the areas of responsibility of senior
management, SPC, and teamwork.
5. The major goal of quality management is to prevent defects. Quality management
eliminates the source of defects so that defect detection and rework do not happen
often during projects. Quality management complements project management,
which means that components of quality management including customer
satisfaction, defect prevention, continuous improvement, and management
responsibility to provide essential resources are important in project management.
Quality management is composed of quality planning, quality assurance, and
quality control. Quality management is more about process and is based on
problems related to processes.
6. The eight quality management principles include customer focus, leadership,
involvement of projects, process approach, systems approach, continual
improvement, decision making approach, and supplier relationships.
7. The quality model described in ISO/IEC 9126-1 addresses a framework for
software evaluation using the general characteristics of software. These are further
refined into sub-characteristics, which in turn are decomposed into attributes,
yielding a multilevel hierarchy. The characteristics in a quality model are non-
measurable quality factors and are used only to classify the sub-characteristics of
the model, which may be subjectively measured. The ISO/IEC 9126 standard
makes a distinction between internal quality and external quality and introduces
the quality in use.

8. Quality management is composed of quality planning, quality assurance, and
quality control.
9. Quality planning: The inputs for the quality planning are the scope document, the
requirements from stakeholders, the risk register, and the project schedule. By
using this input information, a project manager in cooperation with the quality
team can develop a quality plan for a project as the output.
Quality assurance: The inputs for quality assurance are quality planning, work
performance information, quality control measurements, and quality metrics. The
outputs of the process are asset updates, change requests, project management
plan updates, and project document updates.
Quality control: The inputs are quality metrics, approved change requests, and
organizational process assets. The outputs are quality control measurements,
validated changes, and updates to project management plans and other project
documents.
10. Benchmarking is a process to measure the performance of an organization and
compare that measure with other organizations in the same industry to understand
industry best practices.
11. A quality audit is a review of the quality plan to determine whether the project
activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and
procedures.
12. There are many tools and techniques used in quality control including:
• Cause-and-effect diagrams
• Run charts
• Scatter diagrams
• Histograms
• Pareto charts
• Six Sigma
• Process maps or flowcharts
• Control charts
• Statistical sampling
• Reviews, and
• Testing and inspection.

13. Testing is a procedure in which the system, product, or service is observed during
operation in order to determine whether it functions properly. Inspection is the
activity of examining the product, sub-components, or systems to determine if
they meet the design standards.
14. Process capability is a critical aspect of quality control and evaluates the ability of
a project process to meet or exceed the expectations or preset specifications.
15. Statistical sampling deals with the selection of a subset of a population in order to
gain knowledge about the whole population and to predict quality outcomes of the
population using statistics.
16. The three criteria are:
1. The level of precision
2. The level of confidence or risk, and
3. The level of variability in the attributes being measured.
17. There are a number of methods of quality reviews including:
• Expert reviews
• Peer reviews
• Team reviews
• Walk-through reviews
• Formal reviews
• Management reviews, and
• Process reviews.
18. Metrics are required in order to answer the following questions:
• Is the project is on track?
• Is the project manager sure about the progress of the project?
• Does the project manager understand the current status of the project,
schedule wise or cost wise?
• Can the project manager be sure of the performance of the project?
Teaching Points - Discussion Questions

1. What else may be considered for performance other than quality?
Performance measurement should consider many metrics that are listed in the chapter.
It should also consider measuring time and cost constraints and make sure that the
project is performing according to plan.
2. Do the three quality gurus preach the same message on quality?
Even though they preach the same message, there are variations to their quality
messages; See Table 7-1.
3. Quality audits have to be performed on each project.
Quality audits typically should be deployed in all projects large and small. However,
in reality it is not possible to do this because of added costs and time. Many industrial
projects, especially small projects, are not usually audited.
4. Is there one tool that may be used in all projects for quality control?
Analyzing using process maps is a very easy method that can be used in all projects
for quality control. The “as-is” process and the “to-be” process bring out the essence
of quality control in a very easy method especially in small projects.
5. Can we do without metrics when managing projects?
No; every project has to be measured against the measurements of selected metrics.
Proper metrics have to be identified and used. If metrics are not used in a project,
there is no way to know how a project is progressing and may not ensure the success
of the project.
6. There are differences between testing and inspection.
Yes; Testing helps to execute the software in order to test the functionality and
requirements while inspection analyzes the code based on a set of predefined rules.
7. Who decides which metrics are the best for a project: the project manager or
management?
Project manager should decide the metrics while management should help the project
manager by removing any obstacles in order to measure those metrics.
8. Should management be involved in quality management?
Yes; the management should provide leadership to encourage project managers to
manage the project quality.
Answers to Chapter Problems
Problem 1:
Observations

Sample
number
1 2 3 4 5
Mean Range
1 0.786 0.799 0.793 0.511 0.781 0.734 0.288
2 0.799 0.506 0.516 0.797 0.529 0.629 0.293
3 0.796 0.500 0.515 0.788 0.521 0.624 0.296
4 0.795 0.506 0.783 0.787 0.789 0.732 0.289
5 0.772 0.502 0.526 0.769 0.781 0.670 0.279
6 0.773 0.795 0.507 0.793 0.506 0.675 0.289
7 0.795 0.512 0.790 0.771 0.507 0.675 0.288
8 0.525 0.501 0.798 0.777 0.785 0.677 0.297
9 0.797 0.501 0.517 0.506 0.516 0.567 0.296
10 0.795 0.505 0.516 0.511 0.797 0.625 0.292
11 0.795 0.782 0.768 0.792 0.792 0.786 0.027
12 0.783 0.759 0.526 0.506 0.522 0.619 0.277
13 0.521 0.512 0.793 0.525 0.510 0.572 0.283
14 0.787 0.521 0.507 0.501 0.500 0.563 0.287
15 0.793 0.516 0.799 0.511 0.513 0.626 0.288
Mean 0.652 0.271
X-bar
UCL
= 0.809
use Table 7-6
LCL= 0.494
R-bar
UCL
= 0.572
use Table 7-7
LCL= 0.000

Problem 2:
0.03 defective without inspection
0.02 defective with inspection
Improvement=0.01
Cost of inspection = $0.40
Opportunity Cost of replacing the 1% improvement = $ 0.50
Therefore, inspection done be done now.

Cost of inspection = $0.80
Inspection should not be done now.
Problem 3
Cost of quality is:
CoQ = Cp + Ca + Cf
This is described as the cost of prevention plus the cost of detection plus the cost
of failures. This is not the cost of achieving quality in product and services, but
rather not achieving quality and the cost associated with failures due to the lack of
quality in the production process.
The cost of quality for Superior Buy, who is the buyer in this scenario, would
most likely be replacing or upgrading inferior computers that do not perform as
expected. If the computers were to fail due to manufacturing defects, this would
be covered under the manufacturer warranty. But if Superior Buy purchased
computers with lower performance specifications to try and save money, then the
cost of bringing them up to par if they are under performing would be the cost of
quality. The cost includes installing additional RAM, changing the processor,
installing different or new software, or may even be replacing the whole computer
with one that will perform. Superior Buy must take into account these costs for
possible upgrades or replacements when defining the specifications for their
order.
The cost of quality for Dell, who is the supplier in this scenario, would most
likely be warranty repair or replacement costs. These costs would be incurred if
defective computers were to leave the factory and end up in the hands of the
customer. These costs would start the minute the customer calls the service
number for help, and are not finished until the customer is completely satisfied
with the end result. One customer may even call multiple times with multiple
problems. Dell must integrate quality within the manufacturing process which
will increase quality, decrease defects, and ultimately reduce the cost of quality.
Problem 4:
Process Mean Standard
Deviation
Lower
Specification
Upper
Specification
1 7.0 0.1 6.9 7.9
2 4.0 0.1 4.2 4.9

3 6.6 0.1 5.4 6.5
For Process 1:
cp= (upper spec - Lower
Spec)/6σ= 1.667 Process is capable
This m
For Process 2:
Spec)/6σ= 0.972 Process not capable
For Process 3:
Spec)/6σ= 1.410 Process is capable
When the mean is centered or not situations, we can use Cp equation
as follows:
If the means of all processes are not exactly in the center:
It is lesser of the formulae: (Upper spec-Mean)/3*σ or (Mean-Lower spec)/3σ
Formula1 Formula2
Process
1 0.333 3.000 0.333
Process
2 -0.556 2.500 -0.556
Process
3 -0.256 -0.256 3.077
In this case, all processes are not capable.

The Cp should be at least equal to 1.33
Problem 5:
a. The metrics to show control over a project are scope variance hours, scope cost
increase, productivity, project cost deviation, and project progress deviation. The
variance and deviation metrics for scope, cost and progress indicates that these factors
are well defined and restrained within acceptable limitation. Meanwhile, productivity
reflects how well the individual processes are executed.
b. The metrics to show progress would be actual scope hours, productivity, and product
progress deviation. Actual scope hours provide evidence for completed tasks which
are related to the defined scope. Productivity and product progress deviation manifest
the consistency of project progress.
c. The metrics to charge a customer for changes are Scope Variance Hours, Scope Cost
Increase, Number of baseline Changes, Project Effort and Project Cost Deviation.
Number of baseline changes elicits additional requirements which have to be paid by
the customers. The project effort, project cost deviation, and scope cost increases are
used for calculating the amount of additional payment. Rescheduling of the project
should take into account the scope variance hours metric.
d. The metrics are Project Feature Enhancement Increase. This indicator measures the
efficiency of effort scheduling which should be governed to complete important
features.
e. The metrics to use to manage customer expectations are Project Merit and Project
Risk. The project merit communicates that expectations are consistently maintained
and transparent during project duration. Meanwhile, project risk conveys the plans for
securing and preserving expectations.
f. The metrics to understand how fast a team is performing tasks are Project Efficiency
and Project Effort. These metrics quantify the pace of task execution.
g. The metrics for how well a team is performing are Project Effectiveness, Productivity
and Project Effort. The three metrics are numerical presentations of quality of project
execution.
h. The metrics are removed are Removed Defects Efficiency. Removed Defects
Efficiency numerically measures defect detecting and removing capability.
i. The metrics are the Project Customer Commitment which completely evaluates
factors of customer involvement, communication, and availability.
Problem 6:
Costs Cost of
Conformance
Cost of Non-
Conformance
Cost of
Prevention
Cost of
Appraisal
Cost of
Failure
Cost of
Training
X

Business
Opportunity
Cost
X
Cost of Testing
Material
X
Cost of Quality
Planning
X
Cost of
Rework
X
Cost of
handling
Complaints
X
Cost of
explaining
Project
Deviations
X
Cost of Testing
Tools
X
Cost of
Stationary and
Printing for
Quality
X
Problem 7:
Year Revenues
0 ($22,500)
1 $51,000
2 $96,250
3 $96,250
4 $96,250
5 $96,250

Cpr+Ca $62,800
Cost of quality maint $37,000
Discount rate 10%
a
Cost of software
quality $62,800
b See Appendix D
SQNPV $201,426.86
c ROSQ 4.14
Problem 8:
See Appendix D
These are the non-conformance costs:
Csc, Suncontractor related quality prevention and appraisal
costs
Ccp, Coordination and planning-related quality prevention and appraisal
costs
Ccw, Construction and workmanship-related quality prevention and
appraisal costs
Paid to sub-contracted electricians $210,000 not applied
Paid for quality related planning costs $2,000,450 Ccp
Paid for quality coordination $340,000 Ccp
Paid for lack of good workmanship $540,000 Ccw
Paid for accident-related work $380,000 not applied
Paid for transportation of poor quality materials $6,000 Internal
failure
Paid for quality faults by sub-contracted
electricians
$80,040 Internal
failure

Other documents randomly have
different content

“Ah!” cried Stasch excitedly, “what would I not give for a grain of
quinine! I don’t know what!”
And he thought to himself that if he had enough quinine he would
not hesitate to give Nell two little powders at once, then wrap her up
in the shawl, place her on his horse, and go off immediately in the
opposite direction from the camp of the Dervishes.
Meanwhile the sun had gone down suddenly and the jungle was in
darkness. The girl talked for nearly half an hour, and then went to
sleep, and Stasch continued to think about the Dervishes and the
quinine. Although tortured by sorrow and fright, his extraordinarily
clever brain began to build more and more daring plans. In the first
place, he thought whether or not this smoke seen in the south was
bound to come from Smain’s camp. It certainly might come from the
Dervishes’ camp, but also from an encampment of Arabians, who
penetrate the interior of the continent in search of ivory and slaves.
These Arabs were in no wise connected with the Dervishes, who
ruined their trade. It might also be a camp of Abyssinians, or some
negro village in the mountains, into which the hunters after human
beings had not yet penetrated. Would it not be more sensible to find
out what it really was?
The Arabians of Zanzibar, from the districts of Bogamajo, Witu, and
Mombasa, and the seashore, continually came in contact with the
whites, and who could tell if the offer of a large reward would not
induce them to conduct Stasch and Nell to one of the nearest
seaports. Stasch knew quite well that he could promise them such a
reward, and that they would believe his word. But another thought
caused him great uneasiness, for he noticed that the Dervishes,
especially those from Nubia, were almost as susceptible to fever in
Khartum as the whites, and that they cured themselves with quinine,
stealing it from the Europeans, or if the renegade Greeks or Copts
had any secreted, they bought it at a great price. And so it was
probable that the Arabians from the borders of the ocean would
certainly have some of it.

“I will go there,” said Stasch to himself; “for Nell’s sake, I will go
there!”
On thinking the matter over more carefully, he came to the
conclusion that even if they should prove to be Smain’s party, he
would have to go there. It occurred to him that, owing to the
complete rupture between Egypt and Sudan, Smain might not have
heard that they had been carried away from Fayoum. Fatima did not
like Smain, and so the kidnapping must have been a plan of her
own, which had been executed with the aid of Chamis (the son of
Chadigi), and also of Idris, Gebhr, and the Bedouins. Now, Smain
was not at all interested in any of these people, for the simple
reason that Chamis was the only one of them that he knew, and he
had never seen or heard of the others. He was only interested in his
own children and Fatima. Perhaps he longed as much for them as
they did for him, and would be glad to be able to return to them,
especially if he were tired of being in the service of the Mahdi. He
surely had not won a great prize while with them, for instead of
being placed in command of a large army, or made ruler over a wide
extent of territory, he was obliged to go, heaven knows how far back
of Fashoda, to capture slaves! “I shall say to him,” thought Stasch,
“ ‘If you will lead us to some harbor on the Indian Ocean and return
with us to Egypt, the government will forgive you everything, and
you will be able to rejoin your children and Fatima, besides which Mr.
Rawlison will make you a rich man—if not, you will never see your
children or Fatima again.’ ”
He was certain that Smain would think well of it and that he would
scarcely refuse such an offer.
Of course this was only a surmise. In fact, while an investigation
might prove their destruction, it might also prove their deliverance,
and the only means of help in this African wilderness. Stasch felt
surprised at himself for being terror-stricken at first at the thought of
meeting Smain, but as it was necessary to procure assistance for
Nell as soon as possible, he decided to go there that very night.

This was easier said than done. It is one thing to sit at evening
before a fire in the jungle, behind a hedge of thorns, and another to
penetrate the dense darkness and wade through the high grass, in
which lions, panthers, and leopards, not to mention hyenas and
jackals, prowl at this time of night. But the boy remembered what
the young negro said the time when he went off one night in search
of Saba and brought him back, “Kali is afraid, but he goes!” and he
repeated to himself, “I may be afraid, but I will go.”
As the night was very dark, he waited until the moon rose, and
when its light shone out over the jungle he called Kali and said:
“Kali, put Saba inside the tree, and block up the opening with
thorns; you and Mea must guard the little lady as the apple of your
eye while I go to see what kind of people are over there in that
camp.”
“Great Man take Kali with him and also the rifle which kills wild
beasts. Kali not stay behind!”
“You will remain,” said Stasch with decision. “I forbid you to follow
me.”
He now paused a while, and then continued in a rather hoarse voice:
“Kali, you are faithful and smart, and I hope that you will do what I
tell you. Should I not return, and should the little lady die, you must
leave her in the tree, but round it you must erect a high hedge, and
carve a mark like this in the bark——”
And picking up two bamboo sticks, he placed them together like a
cross, and continued:
“And should I not return, and should Bibi not die, then you must
serve her faithfully and respectfully, and you must lead her to your
people, and tell the Wa-hima warriors to take her due east until the
great ocean is reached. There you will find white people, who will
give you weapons, gunpowder, glass beads, wire, and as much
canvas as you can possibly carry. Do you understand?”

But the young negro knelt before him, clasped him round the knees,
and sorrowfully pleaded with him, repeating:
“Oh, Bwana Kubwa! Return, return, return!”
Stasch was touched by the attachment of the black boy, and leaning
down, he placed his hand on his head and said:
“Kali, go to the tree—and—God bless you!”
As he stood there alone, he thought about taking the donkey with
him. It would certainly be safe to do so, for the lions in Africa (just
as the tigers in India), on meeting a man riding, always attack the
animal and not the man. But the question then presented itself that
if the donkey were killed, who would carry Nell’s tent, and on what
would she ride? When he thought of these contingencies he
completely gave up the idea of taking the animal along, and began
making his way through the jungle on foot.
The moon was already fairly high in the heavens, and it was now
much lighter. But the boy’s troubles began at once, for he
disappeared in the grass, which had grown so high that horse and
rider could easily have hidden in it. Even in the daytime it was not
possible to see a foot ahead, so one can imagine what it was by
night, when the moonlight only shone over the surface, and lower
down everything was bathed in utter darkness. Under such
conditions it was easy to lose one’s way and travel in a circle instead
of advancing. But Stasch took courage when he thought, in the first
place, that the camp to which he was traveling could be at the most
only three or four English miles away from the neck of land, and
secondly, that the smoke had appeared between the peaks of two
high hills; so by keeping the two hills in view he could not get lost.
But the grasses, mimosas, and acacias concealed everything.
Fortunately, groups of ant-hills sometimes more than ten feet high,
appeared here and there. Stasch carefully laid aside his gun when he
came to each cluster of hills, and then he climbed to the top, and on
seeing the hilltops outlined against the background of the dark sky,
he climbed down again and continued his journey.

When he thought of what would happen if the sky should become
overcast and the moon no longer shine, he was very much
frightened. But that was not the only danger. In the dead silence of
the night in the jungle every noise, every step, and almost every
sound made by the insects as they creep through the grass can be
heard. The sensation that comes over one is gruesome; and Stasch
was terrified. He had to take precautions against all sorts of
catastrophes. He was obliged to listen attentively, to keep watch on
all sides, and to hold his head ready to turn round like a screw, and
his rifle ready to shoot. Every minute it seemed as though some
animal was lying in ambush, or was creeping up near him. From
time to time he heard the grasses trembling and the tramping of
animals running away. Then he thought that he must have
frightened off the antelopes, for although one of their number
always keeps watch, they sleep very lightly, knowing full well that
amateur huntsmen do not go out hunting in the dark at this time of
night. But now he sees something dark, large, under an umbrella-
acacia. It may be a rock, a rhinoceros, or a buffalo, which on
scenting a human being will awaken and immediately advance to
attack him, and he also sees two glittering things behind a black
stone. “Ha!” Rifle to shoulder! “That’s a lion! No!” False alarm! They
are fireflies, for a tiny light rises in the air and glides over the grass,
like a shooting star slanting downward. Stasch not only climbed the
ant-hills to make sure that he was going in the right direction, but
also to dry the cold perspiration which stood out on his forehead, to
get his breath, and to wait until his heart should cease to palpitate.
Besides, he was already so tired that he could hardly stand.
But he walked on, feeling that nothing must be left undone to save
Nell. After two hours he came to a very stony place, where the grass
was lower, and so it was much lighter.
The two peaks looked as far off as ever, but a little nearer there
were some rocks running irregularly in a transverse direction, above
which towered a taller rock, and they apparently encased a kind of
valley or gorge, resembling the one in which King had been

imprisoned. Now on the side of the cliff—about three or four
hundred feet distant—he perceived the bright reflection of a flame.
He stood still. His heart was again beating so wildly that in the
silence of the night he could hear it thump. Whom is he likely to
encounter down there? Arabians from the eastern coast? Smain’s
Dervishes? Or savage negroes, who have left their native villages,
and fleeing from the Dervishes, have taken refuge in the most
impenetrable forest of the mountains? Will he there find death, or
imprisonment, or perhaps help for Nell?
It was impossible for him to turn back now, and besides, he had no
inclination to do so; he crept slowly toward the fire, stepping as
lightly as possible, and holding his breath. After he had gone about a
hundred steps, he suddenly heard the neighing of horses in the
jungle, and he stood still. By the light of the moon he counted five.
The Dervishes would have had more, so he supposed that the others
were probably hidden in the tall grass. But he was surprised that no
one was watching them, or that at least a fire had not been left
burning in order to frighten off the wild beasts. He thanked God that
things were as they were, for he could now advance without
attracting attention.
The light of the fire on the cliff became still plainer. In less than a
quarter of an hour Stasch reached a place where the cliff opposite
him was brilliantly lighted, which satisfied him that a fire must be
burning directly below it.
Crawling on all fours, he crept carefully up to the side and looked
down.
The first object that attracted his attention was a large white tent.
Before the tent stood a canvas camp-bed, and on it lay a person
wearing white European clothes. A small negro, apparently about
twelve years old, was throwing dry wood into the fire, which
illuminated the side of the cliff, and a row of negroes were sleeping
on either side of the tent. The next moment Stasch slid down the
slope into the bottom of the gorge.

“On a canvas camp-stead lay a person wearing white European
clothes. . . . A row of negroes were sleeping on either side of the
tent.”

CHAPTER XI
For the moment he was so weary and excited that he was unable to
utter a word, and stood there gasping for breath in front of the man,
who lay on the bed, and who likewise remained silent, gazing at him
with such utter amazement that he was all but dazed.
At last the man cried out:
“Nasibu! Are you there?”
“Yes, sir,” answered the young negro.
“Do you see any one and is any one standing in front of me?”
But before the boy could answer Stasch regained his voice:
“Sir,” he said, “my name is Stanislaus Tarkowski. I was captured by
the Dervishes, and have escaped with little Miss Rawlison, and we
are hiding in the jungle. But Nell is very ill, and I pray you to help
us.”
The stranger blinked at him, then passed his hand across his
forehead and said to himself:
“I not only see him, but hear him—it can not be imagination—What?
Help? I need help myself. I’m wounded!”
But suddenly he shook himself, as if awakening from a dream or a
trance, looked round, and regaining his presence of mind, said with
a gleam of joy in his eyes:
“A white boy! I look upon a white being once more! Welcome,
whoever you are. You said some one was ill. What do you want of
me?”
Stasch repeated that this sick person was Nell, the daughter of Mr.
Rawlison, one of the directors of the Suez Canal; that she had

already had two attacks of fever, and unless he were able to procure
some quinine to prevent a third attack she must die.
“Two attacks—that’s bad!” answered the stranger. “But I can give
you as much quinine as you want. I have several jars full of it, which
I shall never need.”
At these words he told Nasibu to hand him a large tin box, which
evidently contained a small medicine chest, and he took out of it two
rather large jars filled with a white powder, and handed them to
Stasch.
“That is half of what I have left. It will last a year!”
At first Stasch felt inclined to cry aloud for joy, but he controlled
himself and began to thank his new friend as enthusiastically as
though his own life were at stake.
The stranger nodded his head several times and said:
“Enough, enough. My name is Linde and I am a Swiss, from Zürich.
Two days ago I met with an accident. A wild beast wounded me very
severely.”
Then he turned toward the black boy.
“Nasibu, fill my pipe.”
Inclining toward Stasch, he continued:
“At night I always have more fever than in the daytime, and attacks
of dizziness as well. But the pipe brightens me up and freshens my
thoughts. You just said that you had escaped from the Dervishes,
who held you captive, and that you had hidden in the jungle. Am I
right?”
“Yes, sir; that is what I said.”
“And what do you intend to do?”
“To flee to Abyssinia.”
“You will fall into the hands of the Mahdists, for whole troupes of
them are hanging around the frontier.”

“But what else can we do?”
“Ah, only a month ago I could have been of assistance to you. But
now I find myself at the mercy of God and this black boy.”
Stasch looked at him in surprise.
“And this camp?”
“This is a camp of death.”
“And these negroes?”
“These negroes are asleep, and they will never awaken again.”
“I don’t understand——”
“They are stricken with the sleeping-sickness.[24]
They are from the
shores of the great lakes, where this terrible sickness is always very
prevalent, and every one of them who has not died of the smallpox
has been stricken down with it. I have only one boy left.”
It just occurred to Stasch that when he was sliding down the slope
not one of those negroes had moved, nor even budged, and that
during the whole conversation they were still sleeping, some with
their heads propped up against the rocks and others with their
heads hanging down on their chests.
“They are asleep and will never awaken?” he inquired, as if he could
scarcely believe his ears.
Linde responded:
“Oh, this Africa is a house of death.”
But the remaining words were interrupted by the tramping of the
horses, which, frightened by something in the jungle, hopped along,
their feet being hobbled, to the edge of the cliff, so as to be nearer
the people and the firelight.
“That’s nothing; it is only the horses,” said the Swiss quietly. “I
captured them from the Mahdists, whom I conquered a few weeks
ago. There were at least thirty men of them. But they were armed
for the most part with spears, while my men had Remington rifles,

which are now standing against the wall useless. If you need
weapons or shot, help yourself. Take a horse, too. On horseback you
can return more quickly to your patient. How old is she?”
“Eight years,” answered Stasch.
“Then she is still a child. Nasibu will give you tea, rice, coffee, and
wine for her. Take your choice of our provisions and as much as you
want, and come again to-morrow to get some more.
“I will certainly come back, to thank you from the bottom of my
heart, and to do all I can to help you.”
Whereupon Linde said:
“It is so pleasant to see a European face at least once more before I
die. If you come earlier than you did to-day I shall be more likely to
be myself. Now the fever is coming on again, for I see you double.
Are there two people standing by me? No! I know that you are alone
and that this is only the fever. Oh, Africa!”
And he closed his eyes.
A quarter of an hour later Stasch left this strange camp of sleep and
death and started on his return journey on horseback. It was still
dark night, but he was oblivious of the dangers which lurked in the
tall grass. He kept close to the stream, supposing that it led nearer
the end of this narrow pass. The return journey was a great deal
easier, because he could hear the rushing of the waterfall in the
distance. Besides, the clouds in the western sky had dispersed, and
the constellations shone forth brightly near the moon. The boy put
spurs, which were on the broad Arabian stirrups, to the horse, and
galloped over sticks and stones, as he thought to himself: “What
harm can lions and panthers do to me? I have quinine for my little
girl.” And from time to time he felt for the jars of quinine to make
sure he really had them and that it was not all a dream. The most
varied thoughts and scenes floated through his brain. He saw the
wounded Swiss, to whom he felt inexpressibly grateful, and who had
now aroused his sympathy, for during the first moment or so of his
intercourse with him he had taken him for an idiot; he saw the little

Nasibu, with his round head shaped like a ball, the rows of sleeping
men, the barrels of the Remington guns propped up against the
rock, and lighted up by the fire. Besides, he was also all but certain
that the fight which Linde had told him about had been with Smain’s
division—and he felt a peculiar sensation as he thought perhaps
Smain also had fallen.
These dreams mingled with his ever-present thoughts of Nell. He
imagined how surprised she would be the next morning on seeing a
whole jar full of quinine, and how she would think him a prodigy.
“Ah,” he said to himself, “if I had lost courage and had not gone to
find out where this smoke came from, I would never have forgiven
myself.”
After a short hour had elapsed the sound of the waterfall became
quite distinct, and on hearing the croaking of the frogs, he knew
that he must be near the silicious ground on which he had killed the
water-birds the previous day. By the light of the moon he could even
distinguish the distant trees. Now he had to be especially on his
guard, for this swampy land served as a watering-place, to which all
the animals in the vicinity were obliged to resort, because in other
places the banks of the stream were exceedingly steep.
It was now far into the night, and apparently the beasts of prey had
taken refuge in the clefts of the rocks after their nocturnal hunt for
prey. The horse neighed a little on scenting the fresh trail of lions or
panthers, but Stasch passed safely on, and soon saw on the high
projection the large black silhouette of “Cracow.” For the first time
since he had been in the interior of Africa he felt as if he had
reached home. He had expected to find them all still asleep, but he
never thought of Saba, who now began to bark loud enough to wake
the dead.
The next moment Kali stood in front of the tree and cried:
“Bwana Kubwa on horseback!”
The tone of his voice expressed more joy than astonishment, for his
faith in Stasch’s powers was so great that had the latter created a

horse out of nothing, the black boy would not have been very much
surprised. But as the negro always shows his happiness by laughing,
he began to slap his sides and laugh inordinately.
“Tie up this horse,” said Stasch; “take the provisions off his back,
make a fire, and boil some water.”
Then he went inside the tree. Nell was also awake and had been
calling for him. On drawing aside the canvas, Stasch saw by the light
of the little lamp her pale face and her little thin hands lying on the
shawl, which served as a covering.
“Little one, how are you?” he asked quite gayly.
“Well! and I slept soundly until Saba woke me up. But why aren’t
you asleep?”
“Because I have been away.”
“Where?”
“To the druggist’s.”
“To the druggist’s?”
“Yes. To get some quinine.”
We must confess that the child had not enjoyed the quinine powders
which she had previously taken, but as she considered them a
panacea for all the ills flesh is heir to, she sighed and said:
“I know you have no more quinine.”
Stasch lifted one of the jars to the light and said with pride and joy:
“What do you call this, then?”
Nell would not believe her eyes, so he continued hastily, brimming
over with pleasure:
“Now you are going to get well again! I will lose no time in wrapping
a good dose up in the skin of a fresh fig, and you must swallow it,
and what you will drink later remains to be seen. Why do you stare
at me like an idiot? Yes, I have a second jar, too. I received both of

them from a white man, whose camp is about four miles from here.
It is from him that I have come. His name is Linde, and he is
wounded, but he gave me many nice things to bring back. I
returned on horseback, although I went on foot. Do you think it is
pleasant to go through the jungle by night? Brr! I would not go a
second time unless it were a matter of getting quinine.”
With these words he left the astonished girl, went to the men’s
quarters, and selecting the smallest fig from the provisions, hollowed
it out and poured quinine into it, but he was very careful that the
dose was larger than the powders he had taken in Khartum. Then he
left the tree, poured the tea into a pot of boiling water, and returned
to Nell with the medicine.
All this time Nell was very curious to find out what kind of person
this white man was, how Stasch had found him, and if he were
going to join them, and whether they would all continue their
journey together. Now that Stasch had obtained the quinine, she had
not the least doubt but that she would recover. And so Stasch had
gone through the jungle in the night, and without telling a soul.
Notwithstanding Nell’s admiration for him, she had until now
unconsciously taken everything he did for her as a matter of course;
for was it not natural that an older boy should protect a younger
girl? Now she began to think that had it not been for his care and
protection she would have given out long before; that he had done a
great deal for her, gratified all her wishes, and protected her as no
other boy of his age could have done, or would do—and so her little
heart was filled with gratitude.
And when Stasch reappeared and bent over her with the medicine,
she wound her little thin arms around his neck and hugged him
tight.
“Stasch, you are very good to me!”
And he replied:
“I! To whom else ought I be good? That’s a great idea! Take this
medicine.”

Nevertheless, he was greatly pleased, his eyes shone with
satisfaction, and turning toward the opening in the tree, he cried out
in a voice full of joy and pride:
“Mea! Now bring Bibi the tea!”
[24] It has lately been discovered that this same tsetse-
fly innoculates people, as well as oxen and horses,
with the fatal sleeping sickness, though it has been
found that their sting only causes the sleeping
sickness in some places. At the time of the revolt of
the Mahdi the cause of this illness was not known.

CHAPTER XII
It was not until toward noon the following day that Stasch started
out to revisit Linde, because he had to make up for the sleep he had
lost the night before.
Thinking that the sick man might need some fresh meat, he killed
two birds on the way, which were much appreciated. Linde was very
weak, but perfectly rational. As soon as they had exchanged
greetings he inquired how Nell was; then he told Stasch that he did
not think quinine alone would cure the fever, and said that he must
guard the little one against the sun’s rays, dampness, spending the
night in low, damp places, and finally against bad water. Then, as
requested, Stasch narrated his own and Nell’s adventures from the
beginning as far as their arrival in Khartum and their visit to the
Mahdi, and from Fashoda to their escape from Gebhr’s hands, and
also their later wanderings. During this story the Swiss looked at him
with growing curiosity, and often even with evident admiration, and
as the tale approached its end he lighted his pipe, looked at Stasch
once more from head to foot, and, apparently lost in thought, said:
“If there are many boys like you in your country, it will be hard to
conquer you.”
And after a short silence he continued:
“The best proof of the truth of your words is the fact that you are
standing here before me. And what I want to say to you is this, that
you are in a terrible predicament; the route, no matter which
direction you take, is beset with dangers, but who knows whether
such a brave boy as you can not safely lead both himself and that
child out of this great wilderness!”
“If Nell would only get well again I will do everything in my power,”
cried Stasch.

“But you must take care of yourself, too, for the work that lies before
you would tax the strength of a full-grown man. Have you ever
thought where you are?”
“No; I only remember that after leaving Fashoda we passed a river—
near a large settlement called Deng.”
“The river Sobat!” interrupted Linde.
“At Deng there were many Dervishes and negroes. But on the other
side of the Sobat we entered into a region of jungle, and marched
for weeks until we arrived at the gorge, in which you know what
took place——”
“I know. You then went on through the gorge till you came to that
stream. Well, now listen; it is obvious that after passing over the
Sobat with the Sudanese you turned off to the southeast, or a little
more toward the south. The country you now happen to be in is
unknown to explorers and geographers. This river near us runs
northwest, and probably empties into the Nile. I say probably, for I
am not quite sure myself, although I turned off from the mountains
of Karamajo to discover its source. After the fight the captured
Dervishes told me that it was called Ogeloguer, but even they were
not sure, for they only go into this district to hunt slaves. This land
was for the most part sparsely inhabited by the Schilluks; but now
the country is devoid of human beings, for some of the people have
died of smallpox, others have been killed by the Dervishes, and still
others have fled into the mountains of Karamajo. It often happens in
Africa that a stretch of land thickly populated to-day becomes a
wilderness to-morrow. I calculate that you are about 300 kilometers
distant from Lado. In fact, you might take refuge with Ermin in
Sudan, but as it is quite likely that Ermin himself is besieged by the
Dervishes, that course is out of the question.”
“How about going to Abyssinia?” asked Stasch.
“It is also nearly 300 kilometers distant. Besides that, one must
reckon that the Mahdi is now at war with the whole world,
consequently with Abyssinia. Besides, I have heard from the

prisoners that bands of Dervishes are wandering in the western and
southern districts, and you might easily fall into their hands.
Abyssinia is certainly a Christian land, but the savage races to the
south are either heathens or believers in Islam, and for that reason
they secretly sympathize with the Mahdi. No; you can not go
through that country.”
“Then what shall I do, and where shall I go with Nell?” asked Stasch.
“I told you that you are in a difficult position,” murmured Linde; then
he covered his head with his hands and remained silent a while.
“From here to the ocean,” he at last said, “would be more than 900
kilometers, through mountain regions, wild tribes, and even desert
places, for on the way there are supposed to be large tracts of arid
land. But nominally the country belongs to England. One might strike
caravans of ivory on their way to Kismaya-Lam and Mombasa,
perhaps even meet missionary expeditions. When I saw that, owing
to the Dervishes, I could not escape the course of this river, as it
turns off toward the Nile, I made up my mind to go east toward the
ocean.”
“Then we will return together!” cried Stasch.
“I shall never return. The Ndiri beast tore my sinews and veins so
terribly that blood poisoning must certainly set in. Only a surgeon
could save me by amputating my leg. Now it has dried up and
stiffened, but on the first day the pain was so great that I bit into my
hands and——”
“You will certainly get well.”
“No, my brave boy, I shall surely die, and you must cover me well
with stones, so that the hyenas can not dig me up. This is perhaps
of little consequence to the dead, but while alive it is not a pleasant
thought. It is hard to have to die so far away from one’s family.”
At these words his eyes became veiled, and after a while he
continued:

“But I have become accustomed to the thought, so let us now talk
about you, not about me. I will give you one piece of advice: There
is only one road for you to take, which is to the east toward the
ocean. But before attempting this journey you should rest well and
gather strength; otherwise your little companion will die in a few
weeks. Postpone the journey until the rainy season is over and
perhaps even longer. The first months of summer, when it has
ceased raining, and the water still covers the swamps, are the most
healthful. This place, where we now are, is an elevated plateau lying
nearly seven hundred feet above the level of the sea. In high regions
of one thousand three hundred feet there is no fever, and if by
chance it be carried there from places of lower altitude, it assumes a
much milder form. Take the little English girl and go into the
mountains with her.”
Talking evidently tired him very much, and so he paused once more,
and for a time fought off large blue flies—the same kind that Stasch
had seen in Fashoda.
Then he resumed:
“Pay strict attention to what I am going to tell you. One day’s
journey toward the south you will see an isolated mountain, not
more than eight hundred feet high. It looks like an overturned
saucepan; its sides are very steep. The only way to reach it is by a
mountain pass so narrow that in some places two horses can barely
walk abreast. On its flat summit, about a kilometer broad, there
used to be a small negro village, but the Mahdists have killed some
of the inhabitants and have taken others away with them. It may be
that this was done by the very Smain I conquered, but whose slaves
I could not capture because he had already sent them under heavy
guard toward the Nile. Up there on the top is a spring of excellent
water, several fields of manioc and a quantity of banana-trees. You
will also find there many human bones, but you need not fear that
these corpses will produce a plague, for after the Dervishes left the
ants drove us away from the plain. Other than these, not a human
soul! Remain one or two months in that village. At that height there

is no fever. The nights are cool. There your little one will regain her
health and you your strength.”
“And then what shall I do, and where shall I go?”
“Leave the rest to the guidance of God. By all means try to go
toward the places in Abyssinia which are furthest away from the
Dervishes, but go toward the east. I have heard that the Arabians,
hunting for ivory, which they get from the Samburu and Wa-hima
tribes, advance as far as a certain lake.”
Now Stasch began to tell Linde how he had obtained Kali (Gebhr’s
servant) after Gebhr’s death, and also that the young negro had said
that he was the son of the chief of the Wa-himas.
But Linde was much more indifferent to this news than Stasch had
expected.
“All the better,” he said, “for he can be of use to you. Among the
blacks there are kind souls, although on the whole one can not
depend on their gratitude, because they are but children still, and
forget to-day what happened yesterday.”
“Kali will not forget that I saved him from Gebhr—I’m sure of that.”
“Possibly,” said Linde, and pointing to Nasibu, he added:
“He is also a good child. Take care of him after my death.”
“Don’t always think of death, and don’t talk of it.”
“My dear,” answered the Swiss, “I long for it—all I hope is that it will
take place without further suffering. Just think, I am now quite
helpless, and if one of the Mahdists whose band I dispersed should
accidentally wander through this narrow pass, he could slaughter me
like a lamb single-handed.”
He pointed to the sleeping negroes, and resumed:
“These will never wake, or, more correctly, each one will wake once
again shortly before his death, and will run madly through the
jungle, from which he will never return. Out of two hundred people

there were only sixty left me. Many ran away, died of smallpox, or
lay down to die in other gorges.”
Stasch gazed at the negroes, his heart full of horror and pity. Their
bodies were of an ashy gray, which in the negro signifies pallor. The
eyes of some were tightly closed, of others half open, but even
these were sleeping soundly, for the pupils of their eyes were not
sensitive to the light. The knee-joints of some were swollen. All were
so terribly emaciated that their ribs could be seen through their skin.
Their hands and feet shook incessantly and rapidly. Blue flies had
settled in thick masses on their eyes and lips.
“Is there no help for them?” asked Stasch.
“No. In the district of the Victoria-Nyanza this illness kills the
inhabitants of entire villages. Sometimes it is worse than at others.
The inhabitants of the villages lying in the woods near its banks are
most frequently attacked.”
The sun was already in the west, but before evening Linde had told
Stasch of his adventures. He said he was the son of a merchant in
Zürich, that his family had come from Karlsruhe, and that in the year
1848 they had settled in Switzerland. His father had made a great
fortune as a silk merchant. He had his son trained as an engineer,
but young Henry from his earliest youth was beset with the idea of
traveling. When he graduated from the Polytechnic School he
inherited the entire fortune of his father, and then started on his first
journey to Egypt. This took place before the time of the Mahdi, and
so he got as far as Khartum, and hunted in the Sudan with the
Dongalese. He then devoted himself to studying the geography of
Africa, in which he so excelled that he belonged to many
geographical societies. This last journey, which was to terminate so
badly for him, had been undertaken from Zanzibar. He had got as far
as the great lakes and intended to advance along the unexplored
mountains of Karamajo as far as Abyssinia, and from there to the
borders of the sea. But the people of Zanzibar would not accompany
him any further. Fortunately, or unfortunately, war was at that time
raging between the kings of Uganda and Unyoro. Linde materially

assisted the king of Uganda, and the latter as a reward gave him
more than two hundred black Agisis. That naturally greatly facilitated
the journey and the visit to the Karamajo Mountains, but just then
the smallpox broke out among the people, followed by the terrible
sleeping-sickness, and at last the caravan was demoralized and
destroyed.
Linde had with him quantities of provisions, consisting of all kinds of
canned goods, but as he dreaded the scurvy, he hunted daily for
fresh meat. He was a splendid shot, but not a very cautious hunter.
And so it happened that a few days before, when he had foolishly
approached too near a wounded Ndiri wild boar, the animal sprang
up, tore his leg terribly, and wounded him in the back. This
happened quite near this camp, and in full view of Nasibu, who tore
up his own shirt and made a bandage of it to stop the flow of blood,
and brought the wounded man back to the tent. But as the result of
internal bleeding, clumps of coagulated blood formed, and the
patient was threatened with gangrene.
Stasch insisted on bandaging him, and declared that either he would
come to see him every day, or—so as not to leave Nell alone in the
care of the two negroes—put him on a felt rug stretched out
between two horses and bring him to “Cracow.” Linde was willing to
let Stasch make a new bandage for him, but he would on no account
listen to the thought of being removed.
“I know,” he said, pointing to his negroes, “that these people must
die, but as long as death has not yet come to them I can not
condemn them while alive to be torn to pieces by the hyenas, who
are only kept at a distance during the night by the campfire.”
And he at once began to repeat feverishly:
“I can not, I can not, I can not!”
However, he soon regained his composure, and continued in a
peculiarly sad, ringing voice:

“Come here to-morrow early. I have a great favor to ask of you, and
if you grant it, God will perhaps lead you both out of this African
hell, and I will die contented. I wanted to postpone this request until
to-morrow, but as I may be unconscious to-morrow, I will tell you
to-day. Pour water into a vessel, go up to each of these poor
sleeping creatures, sprinkle water on his head, and say: ‘I baptize
you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy
Ghost. Amen.’ ”
This he said with a voice full of emotion, and then became silent.
“I blame myself,” he said after a while, “that I did not take leave in
the same way of those who died of the smallpox and of those who
died even earlier. But now I am threatened with death—and would
like to—that is, with the remainder of my caravan, go on this last
great journey with them.”
At these words he pointed with his hand to the flaming sky, and two
large tears trickled slowly down his cheeks.
Stasch wept like a child.

CHAPTER XIII
On the following day the sun shone down on a strange scene.
Stasch walked alongside of the steep cliff, stood still in front of each
negro, poured water over each forehead while making the sign of
the cross, and at the same time pronounced the sacred words. And
they slept—their hands and feet shaking, their heads sunk on their
chests or held upright. Though still alive, they resembled corpses. In
this manner the sleepers were baptized in the quiet of the morning,
in the light of the sun, in the silence of the wilderness. The sky was
cloudless, highly arched, gray-blue—as if shrouded in mourning.
Linde was still rational, but became weaker and weaker. After his
bandage had been changed he gave Stasch some papers locked up
in a tin box, and begged him to be especially careful of them; then
he ceased to speak. He could not eat, but he was dreadfully tortured
by thirst, and before sunset he became delirious. He called to some
children, forbidding them to swim out so far in the lake; at last he
began to have convulsions, and afterward sat holding his head in his
hands.
On the following day he could not recognize Stasch, and three days
later, at noon, he died without regaining consciousness. Stasch truly
mourned for him a while, then he and Kali carried the body to a
nearby cave, the opening of which they closed with thorns and
stones.
Stasch took little Nasibu with him to “Cracow,” and ordered Kali to
stay there, to look after the provisions and keep a large fire burning
near the sleepers at night. Stasch continually rode back and forth
between the two gorges, carrying back to “Cracow” baggage,
weapons, and especially the cartridges for the Remington rifles, out
of which he took the powder he needed to blast the rock that held
King a prisoner. Fortunately Nell’s health improved very much, owing

to her daily dose of quinine, and the great variety of food had given
her more appetite and increased her strength. Stasch left her very
reluctantly, and as he felt that something might happen to her, he
forbade her leaving the interior of the tree during his absence, and
closed the opening with branches of thorny acacia. On account of
the increasing duties which had fallen upon him, he was often
obliged to leave her in the care of Mea, Nasibu and Saba, on whom,
by the way, he chiefly relied. He preferred to ride several times a day
to Linde’s camp for provisions rather than leave the girl too long.
This of course meant a great deal of work, but his iron nature was
proof against all fatigue. It took ten days before the things were
properly sorted; those not especially needed were done up in canvas
and the necessary ones were deposited in “Cracow.” The horses
were also brought there, as were a large number of Remington
rifles; these burdens would now fall to the lot of King.
While this was being done, some of the sleepers sprang up in their
last paroxysm, fled wildly into the jungle, and never returned. But
there were others who died on the spot, and still others who rushed
off blindly, dashing their heads to pieces on the rocks in or near the
camp. Kali had to bury them. Two weeks later only one remained,
and he soon expired in his sleep from exhaustion.
At last the time had come to blast the rock and release King. He was
now so tame that at Stasch’s command he lifted him with his trunk
and set him up on his neck. He had also become accustomed to
carrying the burdens which Kali put upon his back by means of a
bamboo ladder. Nell was afraid that one of the pieces was too heavy
for him, but the small load he had on his back seemed no heavier for
him than a fly. It was only now that their baggage—increased by the
things Linde had left them—would be burdensome for him. At first
he showed great restlessness on the approach of Saba, but now he
was quite friendly with the dog, and played with him by throwing
him down on the ground with his trunk, whereupon Saba pretended
to bite him. But sometimes he unexpectedly poured water over the
dog, which, of course, the latter considered a very poor joke.

The children were especially pleased that the intelligent beast
understood everything that was required of him, and that he not
only paid the greatest attention to every command or request, but to
every sign given him. Elephants far outstrip all other animals in this
respect, and King greatly surpassed Saba, who only wagged his tail
at every command and threat from Nell, and then, in the end, did
just what he pleased.
For instance, after several weeks King observed that the person to
be implicitly obeyed was Stasch, and the person who engaged the
attention of every one was Nell. And thus he obeyed Stasch’s
commands the most readily, and loved Nell the dearest. He did not
care much for Kali and ignored Mea.
After Stasch had prepared the blast, he pushed it into the deepest
crack, closed the opening with clay, and only left a tiny hole, out of
which hung a fuse of twisted palm threads rubbed with ground
powder. At last the decisive moment came. Stasch lighted the
powdered thread himself, then ran for his life toward the tree, in
which he had previously shut every one. Nell was afraid that King
might become greatly alarmed, but the boy calmed her by saying
that, in the first place, he had chosen a day when there had been a
heavy thunderstorm in the morning, and, secondly, that wild
elephants must have heard the peals of thunder more than once
when the elementary forces of the heavens had been let loose over
the jungle. But nevertheless they sat there with beating hearts,
counting the seconds. At last a terrible noise shook the air. The
bamboo-tree trembled from top to bottom, and the remains of the
mold still left in the tree fell down on their heads. The next moment
Stasch sprang out, and avoiding the bends in the gorge, made a
straight line for the passage.
The results of the explosion were extraordinary. One-half of the
chalk wall had broken into tiny bits, the other into larger and smaller
blocks of stone, which the force of the blast had thrown and
scattered quite a distance.
The elephant was free.

The happy boy at once ran back up the hill, where he met Nell with
Mea and Kali. King had certainly been frightened and had drawn
back close to the edge of the ravine, where he stood with upturned
trunk, looking toward the direction from which such an unusual clap
of thunder had broken out. But as soon as Nell began to call him he
stopped moving his ears from fright, and when she ran down to him
through the newly opened passage he became perfectly calm. But
the horses were more frightened than King, and two of them had
fled into the jungle, so that Kali could not find them again until
toward sunset. On the same day Nell led King back “into the world.”
The colossus followed her obediently, like a small dog. Then he took
a bath in the stream, after which he thought of supper; so leaning
his head against a large sycamore-tree, he bent it like a weak reed,
and devoted all his attention to chewing up the fruit and leaves.
In the evening he returned punctually to the tree, and sticking his
great nose into the opening every minute, he searched so carefully
and persistently for Nell that at last Stasch was obliged to give him a
good smack on his trunk.
Kali was the most pleased with the result of the day, for now he was
relieved from the task of collecting food for the giant, which had not
been at all an easy matter. While preparing a fire to cook the supper
Stasch and Nell heard him singing a new hymn of joy:
“The great man kill people and lions. Yah! Yah! Great man break up
rock. Yah! Elephant breaks his own trees, and Kali can idle and eat.
Yah! Yah!”
The “massika” or rainy season was nearly over. Of course there were
still dark and rainy days, but also some very fine days. Stasch now
decided to move over to the mountain, which Linde had told him
about, and this plan was carried out soon after King’s release. Nell’s
health no longer deterred him, for she was now decidedly better.
Selecting a fine morning, they broke up camp and started for the
south. Now they were no longer afraid of being lost, for the boy had
found among the many other articles of Linde’s outfit a compass and

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