Project Presentation.pptx
- 1. Project: Measurement of Pressure MECH 1502: Mechanical Engineering Science II Done by: Raheem E. C. Cole
- 2. 03 Pressure Absolute Pressure 04 Principles of Pressure Exerted by a Liquid 05 Principle of a Hydraulic Machine 06 07 Operating Principle of a Manometer 08 Question 3 12 Question 10 15 References
- 3. Pressure ❏ defined as a measure of the force applied over a unit area ❏ is a scalar quantity ❏ expressed in units of Pascals (Pa), newtons per square meter (N/m2 or kg/m·s2), or pounds per square inch, atmosphere (atm), torr, bar, and meters sea water (msw). ❏ pressure is denoted by the capital letter P
- 4. Absolute Pressure ❏ is a pressure that is relative to the zero pressure in air-free space ❏ This pressure references the ideal vacuum ❏ expressed in the formula Pabs=Patm+Pguage or Pabs= Phead + Patm
- 5. Principles of Pressure Exerted by a Liquid ❏ Means the vertical distance of the liquid’s surface ❏ The normal force exerted by a liquid per unit area ❏ Known as hydrostatic pressure ❏ Pressure will be the same at all points at the same level in all directions ❏ Pressure exerted is always perpendicular to its surface
- 6. Principle of a Hydraulic Machine ❏ Follows Pascal’s law
- 7. Operating Principle of a Manometer ❏ Changes in pressure affects liquid height
- 8. Question 3 3) A hydraulic accumulator with a ram of 400mm in diameter is connected with a hydraulic press whose ram is 800mm in diameter. The load on the accumulator is 700 kN. a. What is the pressure, in kN/m2 on the ram of the accumulator? b. What total force, in kN, would the press exert? c. Calculate the head equivalent to the pressure on the ram of the accumulator.
- 9. - 𝐷𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 400𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 0.4𝑚; 𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠800𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 0.8𝑚; 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 700𝑘𝑁 a. What is the pressure, in kN/m2 on the ram of the accumulator? - 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝐴 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝜋 4 × 𝐷𝑎𝑐𝑐 2 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 700𝑘𝑁 𝜋 4 × 0.4𝑚 2 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 700𝑘𝑁 𝜋 4 × 0.16𝑚2 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 700𝑘𝑁 𝜋 × 0.04𝑚2 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 700𝑘𝑁 0.125663706𝑚2 𝑷𝒂𝒄𝒄 = 𝟓, 𝟓𝟕𝟎. 𝟒 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐
- 10. - 𝐷𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 400𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 0.4𝑚; 𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠800𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 0.8𝑚; 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 700𝑘𝑁 b. What total force, in kN, would the press exert? - 𝑃𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝐹𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝐴 𝐹𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝑃𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝐴 𝐹𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝑃𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜋 4 × 𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 2 𝐹𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 5,570.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 𝜋 4 × 0.8𝑚 2 𝐹𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 5,570.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 𝜋 4 × 0.64𝑚2 𝐹𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 5,570.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 𝜋 × 0.16𝑚2 𝐹𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 5,570.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 0.5026548246𝑚2 𝑭𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 = 𝟐, 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵
- 11. - 𝐷𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 400𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 0.4𝑚; 𝐷𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠800𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 0.8𝑚; 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 700𝑘𝑁 c. Calculate the head equivalent to the pressure on the ram of the accumulator. 𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝛾𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 5,570.4𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 9.81𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 𝑷𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒅 = 𝟓𝟔𝟕. 𝟖𝟑𝒎
- 12. Question 10 10) Details of mercury manometer readings are given below. Calculate the absolute pressure of the water in the pipe if the atmospheric pressure is 1 bar.
- 13. 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟; 150𝑚𝑚 × 1,000 = 0.15𝑚; 300𝑚𝑚 × 1,000 = 0.3𝑚 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 = 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 × 𝑔 × 0.15𝑚 + 𝜌𝐻𝑔 × 𝑔 × 0.3𝑚 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 1,000 𝑘𝑔 𝑚3 × 9.81 𝑚 𝑠2 × 0.15𝑚 + 13,600 𝑘𝑔 𝑚3 × 9.81 𝑚 𝑠2 × 0.3𝑚 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 1,471.5 + 40,024.8 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 41,496.3𝑃𝑎 105 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟔𝟑𝒃𝒂𝒓 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒎 = 𝑷𝒈𝒖𝒂𝒈𝒆 + 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒎
- 14. *Link*
- 15. REFERENCES Anne Marie Helmenstine, P. D. (2019, May 7). Do you know how pressure is defined in Chemistry? ThoughtCo. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-pressure-in-chemistry-604613 Augustyn, A. (n.d.). Pascal's principle. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/science/Pascals-principle Beyer, M. (2019, July 31). Gauge pressure & absolute pressure: Differences. WIKA blog. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://blog.wika.com/knowhow/difference-between- gauge-pressure-and-absolute-pressure-measurement/ Laxmi. (2020, September 14). Pressure exerted by the liquid - hydrostatics. Learn Cram. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://www.learncram.com/physics/pressure-exerted- by-liquid/ Mortenson, T. (2021, October 31). Manometer explained: Manometer working principle. RealPars. Retrieved May 2, 2022, from https://realpars.com/manometer/ Yogichaudhary. (n.d.). What is the principle of a hydraulic machine??? - brainly.in. Retrieved May 3, 2022, from https://brainly.in/question/5181982