Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands
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This document discusses proof loading tests that were conducted on existing reinforced concrete bridges in the Netherlands. It provides details on 4 case studies where bridges were loaded to determine their load capacity. Sensors like lasers, acoustic emissions equipment and LVDTs were used to monitor the bridges' response. The results showed that hydraulic jacks were better than other methods for applying concentrated loads. Determining the maximum load and developing appropriate stop criteria for bending and shear are areas of ongoing research to establish guidelines for proof loading existing bridges in the Netherlands.
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Results of proof load tests (4)
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Loading procedure SLS Reconstruction Reconstruction + 5%](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/proofloadingofexistingbridges3422015-10-27-151112195716-lva1-app6892/85/Proof-loading-of-existing-reinforced-concrete-bridges-in-The-Netherlands-14-320.jpg)
Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands
- 1. Challenge the future Delft University of Technology Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Eva Lantsoght, Dick Hordijk, Cor van der Veen, Ane de Boer
- 2. 2Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Proof loading of bridges • Apply predetermined load to bridge • Information lacking • Damage due to ASR, … • But: probabilistic analysis • Maximum load? • Deterministic in load test • Variable live load in reality • “Stop criteria”?
- 3. 3Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Current codes for proof loading • Europe: DAfStB Richtlinie • North America: • Buildings: ACI 437.2M-13 • Bridges: Manual of Bridge Rating Through Load Testing (1998) • But: stop criteria for cracked structures?
- 4. 4Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Research need • Guideline for proof loading of existing bridges for The Netherlands • Flexure + shear • Stop criteria? Different for flexure + shear!
- 5. 5Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Methods • Proof load tests: • Vlijmen-Oost • Halvemaans Bridge, Alkmaar • Ruytenschildt Bridge • Viaduct in the Zijlweg
- 6. 6Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Vlijmen-Oost • Loading: BELFA • Viaduct with ASR • Testing while viaduct was in service • Measurements: • Lasers • Acoustic emissions • LVDTs
- 7. 7Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Halvemaans Bridge Alkmaar • Load application: counter weight • Flexural capacity • Bridge closed for 1 night • Measurements: • Lasers • Acoustic emissions • LVDTs
- 8. 8Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Ruytenschildt Bridge (1) • Load application: counter weight • Measurements: • Lasers • Acoustic emissions (2 teams) • LVDTs • Sawcut for testing • Testing to failure • More details today 1pm: • Recent Developments in Two-way Slabs: Design, Analysis, Construction, and Evaluation
- 9. 9Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Ruytenschildt Bridge (2) • Study cracks and deformations for applied loads • Crack formation: acoustic emissions measurements • Control load process
- 10. 10Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Viaduct in the Zijlweg • Loading: counter weight • Viaduct with ASR • Viaduct closed for 1 week • Measurements: • Lasers • Acoustic emissions • LVDTs
- 11. 11Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Results of proof load tests (1) • Load application method: • Hydaulic jacks: allows higher load on wheel prints • BELFA: limited to total load of 90 metric tons
- 12. 12Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Results of proof load tests (2) • Determination of maximum load in test: • Moment due to applied load • = moment due to Eurocode loads • Find critical location • Same procedure for shear • Use LFEA
- 13. 13Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Results of proof load tests (3) • Different reliability levels • As prescribed by NEN 8700:2011 • Different requirements for structure • Different partial load factors Case β Ptot (kN) Ptot (metric ton) EC 4,3 (?) 1259 128 RBK Design 4,3 1257 128 RBK Reconstuction + 5% 1146 117 RBK Reconstruction 3,6-3,8 1091 111 RBK Usage 3,3 1050 107 RBK Disapproval 3,1 1049 107 SLS ? 815 83
- 14. 14Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Results of proof load tests (4) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 50 100 150 Appliedtotalload [tonnes] Time [min] Loading procedure SLS Reconstruction Reconstruction + 5%
- 15. 15Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Results of proof load tests (5) • Measurements: experience • Development of aluminum frame • Research on Acoustic Emissions • Necessary for stop criteria • Load cells at jacks LVDT Laser distance finder
- 16. 16Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Summary and conclusions • Research in The Netherlands • Executed load tests • Loading with hydraulic jacks • Measurement and interpretation • Current work: • Determination of maximum load • Stop criteria for bending and shear
- 17. 17Proof loading of existing reinforced concrete bridges in The Netherlands Contact: Eva Lantsoght E.O.L.Lantsoght@tudelft.nl // elantsoght@usfq.edu.ec +31(0)152787449