Prosthesis
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The document provides a comprehensive overview of prosthetics, detailing their history, types, and specifications, particularly for intelligent knee prostheses. It highlights key developments from ancient times to modern advancements, including contributions from notable figures and events impacting the field. Additionally, it discusses competing products on the market, their prices, and future improvements expected in prosthetic technology.
![What is prostheses? PROTHESIS (plural Prostheses): Artificial devices that provides a replacement for the amputated part of the body.3img2The Greeks had a word for it:prostithenai, πρόσθεσιςfrom pros "to" + tithenai "to put, place" prostithenai"add to,“Meaning "artificial body part" is first recorded 1706.[1]img3History DEC-2009](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/protezsunumu-091220155019-phpapp02/85/Prosthesis-11-320.jpg)
![History‘Missing a limb has been a problem since humankind is on earth.’img 4img 5This prosthetic toe dates back to between 950 and 710 B.C.Götz Von Berlichingen with the Iron Hand3500 BCAn Indian poem, Rig-Veda, is the first recorded document about a prosthesis. The poem tells the tragic story of Queen Vishpla, a warrior, who lost her leg in battle. After the battle, she had an iron prosthesis made, and she was able to go back to battle. The Roman general named Marcus Sergiusguided his troops against Carthage in the Second Punic War and suffered over 20 injuries, including the loss of his right arm. An iron hand was created so that he could fight for the rest of the war. 1st C BCArcheologists discovered bronze peg prosthetic. Although it was rusted, it is the oldest usable artifact of a prosthetic. 1508The German knight Götz von Berlichingen (1480-1562) . He had to have his right arm amputated after the Battle of Landshut. Gotz had two prosthetic iron hands to replace his right arm. 1529Ambroise Pare introduced amputation to the medical community. He is considered the father of prosthetics. In 1536, he made an artificial limb for the arm and elbow and created other limbs later.1696Pieter AndriannszoonVerduyn, a Dutch Surgeon, developed the first non-locking prosthesis for below the knee. This is the basis for the current joint and corset prosthesis.1843Sir James Symedescribed his method for ankle amputation. Before this procedure, the technique used amputated at the thigh. By amputating at the ankle, the patient could have the possibility to walk again. The longer leg length allowed an artificial foot to bear a typical weight[2], [3], [4], [5].img 6Ambroise Paré /French Army Surgeon, 1564Most famously attributed to seafaring pirates, peglegs with wooden cores and metal hands shaped into hooks have actually been the prosthetic standard throughout much of history [5]img 7History-cont’d DEC-2009](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/protezsunumu-091220155019-phpapp02/85/Prosthesis-12-320.jpg)
![History-cont’d1861-1865The American Civil War caused the start of the Americanprosthetics field. It is reported that there were atleast 30,000amputations on the union side alone. In 1866, North Carolina became the first state to start a program to give artificial limbs to thousands of amputees after the war. [3]American prosthetists remained a very independent, competitive group, rarely working with surgeons let alone each other. Amputee casualties in the U.S. (4,403) were much fewer than the British (42,000) and European armies (100,000). This resulted in European prosthetists jumping ahead in experimentation of their American counterparts. [4]1939-1945World War II Veterans found the current technology insufficient, those in the medical field saw the need for necessary advancements.The United States government made a deal with some military companies to improve prosthetics rather than weapons. 1914-1918World War Iİmg 8The government standardized prosthetics training, instead of the previous apprenticeships, as well as increased funding for engineering research at universities. Because of the expanded awareness, people started to understand more about artificial limbs. [3]İmg 9İmg 10İmg 11John W. January with prosthetic legs at a Meeting of Former Prisoners of Civil War (c. 1880s-90s) Corporal Garrett S. Jones, an amputee who was injured in 2007 by an insurgent’s bomb during his unit’s deployment to Iraq, shows his prosthetic leg. Spc. Donald Reas Axtell practices moving with a pair of prosthetic legs at the Center for the Intrepid in San Antonio. Both of Axtell's legs were amputated from the hip down last fall after he was injured by a rocket blast in Iraq.DEC-2009](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/protezsunumu-091220155019-phpapp02/85/Prosthesis-15-320.jpg)
![History-cont’d In Ottoman Empire, in 1898 Dr.Robert Rieder from BonnUniversity was brought to Istanbul to make some reforms to Turkish Medical Education. While he was controlling the construction of Gulhane Medical School he fell and broke his leg and hip. For his needs first workshop studies were started on prosthesis and orthosis. The treasurer of II.Abdülhamit, Sadettin Pasha, broke his leg and had 3 amputation. He needed prosthesis, thus 4 army officers were sent to Paris for one year -prosthesis study. Naval officer Hüseyin Rıfat turned back and established the first prosthesis workroom called Tersane-i Alatı Nazikiye. After 1914 it belongs to Gülhane Hospital. During the World War I, the lost limbs onTrablus, Çanakkale and Arabia fronts increased the improvement of prosthesis in Ottoman Emp. Naval Officer Kazım Elgün has sent to Vienna for 4 years to learn prosthesis and when he turned back worked a lot with Prof. Dr. Besim Ömer Akalın [6], [7]. İmg 12II.Abdülhamitİmg 13Dr.Robert Riederİmg 14DEC-2009](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/protezsunumu-091220155019-phpapp02/85/Prosthesis-17-320.jpg)
![13Devices on the marketCompeting companies&Products Cont’dComparison Among High-end Knee Joints[8]Hybrid-KneeC-Legİmg 28Rheo Kneeİmg 30İmg 32İmg 35İmg 33İmg 3413DEC-2009](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/protezsunumu-091220155019-phpapp02/85/Prosthesis-21-320.jpg)
Prosthesis
- 1. 2009
- 2. PROSTHESIS
- 4. History
- 6. Spesifications of Intelligent Knee ProsthesesDevices on the Market Competing Companies & Products Aproximate Retail Prices Prosthesis Tomorrow
- 9. REFERENCES
- 11. What is prostheses? PROTHESIS (plural Prostheses): Artificial devices that provides a replacement for the amputated part of the body.3img2The Greeks had a word for it:prostithenai, πρόσθεσιςfrom pros "to" + tithenai "to put, place" prostithenai"add to,“Meaning "artificial body part" is first recorded 1706.[1]img3History DEC-2009
- 12. History‘Missing a limb has been a problem since humankind is on earth.’img 4img 5This prosthetic toe dates back to between 950 and 710 B.C.Götz Von Berlichingen with the Iron Hand3500 BCAn Indian poem, Rig-Veda, is the first recorded document about a prosthesis. The poem tells the tragic story of Queen Vishpla, a warrior, who lost her leg in battle. After the battle, she had an iron prosthesis made, and she was able to go back to battle. The Roman general named Marcus Sergiusguided his troops against Carthage in the Second Punic War and suffered over 20 injuries, including the loss of his right arm. An iron hand was created so that he could fight for the rest of the war. 1st C BCArcheologists discovered bronze peg prosthetic. Although it was rusted, it is the oldest usable artifact of a prosthetic. 1508The German knight Götz von Berlichingen (1480-1562) . He had to have his right arm amputated after the Battle of Landshut. Gotz had two prosthetic iron hands to replace his right arm. 1529Ambroise Pare introduced amputation to the medical community. He is considered the father of prosthetics. In 1536, he made an artificial limb for the arm and elbow and created other limbs later.1696Pieter AndriannszoonVerduyn, a Dutch Surgeon, developed the first non-locking prosthesis for below the knee. This is the basis for the current joint and corset prosthesis.1843Sir James Symedescribed his method for ankle amputation. Before this procedure, the technique used amputated at the thigh. By amputating at the ankle, the patient could have the possibility to walk again. The longer leg length allowed an artificial foot to bear a typical weight[2], [3], [4], [5].img 6Ambroise Paré /French Army Surgeon, 1564Most famously attributed to seafaring pirates, peglegs with wooden cores and metal hands shaped into hooks have actually been the prosthetic standard throughout much of history [5]img 7History-cont’d DEC-2009
- 13. History-cont’d
- 14. History-cont’d
- 15. History-cont’d1861-1865The American Civil War caused the start of the Americanprosthetics field. It is reported that there were atleast 30,000amputations on the union side alone. In 1866, North Carolina became the first state to start a program to give artificial limbs to thousands of amputees after the war. [3]American prosthetists remained a very independent, competitive group, rarely working with surgeons let alone each other. Amputee casualties in the U.S. (4,403) were much fewer than the British (42,000) and European armies (100,000). This resulted in European prosthetists jumping ahead in experimentation of their American counterparts. [4]1939-1945World War II Veterans found the current technology insufficient, those in the medical field saw the need for necessary advancements.The United States government made a deal with some military companies to improve prosthetics rather than weapons. 1914-1918World War Iİmg 8The government standardized prosthetics training, instead of the previous apprenticeships, as well as increased funding for engineering research at universities. Because of the expanded awareness, people started to understand more about artificial limbs. [3]İmg 9İmg 10İmg 11John W. January with prosthetic legs at a Meeting of Former Prisoners of Civil War (c. 1880s-90s) Corporal Garrett S. Jones, an amputee who was injured in 2007 by an insurgent’s bomb during his unit’s deployment to Iraq, shows his prosthetic leg. Spc. Donald Reas Axtell practices moving with a pair of prosthetic legs at the Center for the Intrepid in San Antonio. Both of Axtell's legs were amputated from the hip down last fall after he was injured by a rocket blast in Iraq.DEC-2009
- 16. History-cont’d
- 17. History-cont’d In Ottoman Empire, in 1898 Dr.Robert Rieder from BonnUniversity was brought to Istanbul to make some reforms to Turkish Medical Education. While he was controlling the construction of Gulhane Medical School he fell and broke his leg and hip. For his needs first workshop studies were started on prosthesis and orthosis. The treasurer of II.Abdülhamit, Sadettin Pasha, broke his leg and had 3 amputation. He needed prosthesis, thus 4 army officers were sent to Paris for one year -prosthesis study. Naval officer Hüseyin Rıfat turned back and established the first prosthesis workroom called Tersane-i Alatı Nazikiye. After 1914 it belongs to Gülhane Hospital. During the World War I, the lost limbs onTrablus, Çanakkale and Arabia fronts increased the improvement of prosthesis in Ottoman Emp. Naval Officer Kazım Elgün has sent to Vienna for 4 years to learn prosthesis and when he turned back worked a lot with Prof. Dr. Besim Ömer Akalın [6], [7]. İmg 12II.Abdülhamitİmg 13Dr.Robert Riederİmg 14DEC-2009
- 18. 10Types of Prosthesisİmg 15İmg 19İmg 39 İmg 16INTELLIGENT Knee Prosthesisİmg 17İmg 20İmg 18DEC-2009
- 19. 11Specifications of Intelligent Knee ProsthesisVid 01İmg 21-22-23-24-25İmg 26DEC-2009
- 20. 12Devices on the marketCompeting companies&ProductsThe Icelandic company Ossur Rheo KneeThe German company Otto Bock C-legThe Japan company Nabtesco Hybrid Kneeİmg 27İmg 29İmg 31İmg 28İmg 30İmg 32DEC-2009
- 21. 13Devices on the marketCompeting companies&Products Cont’dComparison Among High-end Knee Joints[8]Hybrid-KneeC-Legİmg 28Rheo Kneeİmg 30İmg 32İmg 35İmg 33İmg 3413DEC-2009
- 22. 14Devices on the marketAproximate Retail Prices Hybrid-KneeC-LegRheo Kneeİmg 30İmg 32İmg 28EuropeGenerally retail prices are ~16.000 € and directly sales to the patient is 30.000 €Turkey 15.000 € -? 33.000 €If an intelligent knee prosthesis will be produced in Turkey (with R&D), its possible retail price will have been 6.000 euro. İmg 36İmg 37İmg 38DEC-2009
- 23. 15Prosthesis TomorrowIn general for Limb Prosthesis: The near future improvements in the field of...TIME TO SENSE ! APPEARANCE > Prostheses are started to be designed imitatively as the human body. > Prosthesis design will create ‘a new art’ and prosthesis will reflect the personality of the patients ( not so near ) INTELLIGENCE > Prostheses are being more intelligent with ‘microprocessor controlled’ technology, > with this intelligence, functionality will be as smooth as real biological movements especially in lower extremittees. > Extra monitors like heart beat-body temperature can be placed on prostheses and this makes them superior than real limbs.İmg 40İmg 42İmg 41İmg 43DEC-2009
- 24. 16Prosthesis TomorrowUpper Extremitteesİmg 44Vid 2İmg 45İmg 46Vid 3DEC-2009
- 25. 17Prosthesis After TomorrowReGENeration?İmg 47DEC-2009
- 26. 10/9/200918Prosthesis After TomorrowScientific researches may find the secret...
- 27. 10/9/200919Prosthesis After Tomorrowwho knows?
- 28. 20Prosthesis After Tomorrow15291898İmg 48DEC-2009
- 29. 21 Questions & CommentsTHANKS! It can be hard but not impossible.Emine CANIstanbul TechnicalUniversity Biomedical Engineering Programmeeminecan06@gmail.comDEC-2009
- 30. REFERENCES[1] http://www.etymonline.com/[2]http://www.uihealthcare.com/depts/medmuseum/wallexhibits/body/histofpros/histofpros.html[3] http://www.unc.edu/~mbritt/Prosthetics%20History%20Webpage%20-%20Phys24.html[4] http://www.izmitortopedi.com/tarihce.php[5] http://health.howstuffworks.com/prosthetic-limb.htm/printable[6] Alsancak Serap, ‘Ortez Protez Tarihçesi’ , Ankara Üniversitesi Dikimevi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Yıllığı Cilt 1 Sayı1 2000, s 31.[7] Türk Protez-Ortez Bilim Derneği http://www.turkprot.org/Tarihce.html[8] Nabtesco Product Line 2009-Presentation p 60/8010/9/200922
- 31. 10/9/200923REFERENCES of IMAGESCover Image - http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/robotics/medical-robots/winner-the-revolution-will-be-prosthetized1st Slide:Img 1 www.ossur.com2nd Slide:Img 2 www.ottobock.comImg 3 www.ottobock.com3rd Slide:Img 4 http://health.howstuffworks.com/prosthetic-limb.htm/printableImg 5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Götz_von_BerlichingenImg 6 http://www.uihealthcare.com/depts/medmuseum/wallexhibits/body/histofpros/histofpros.htmlImg 7 http://themixtapemonster.wordpress.com/2009/08/05/where-you-at-wednesday-cast-of-hook/6th Slide:Img 8 http://www.univie.ac.at/cga/art/history.htmlImg 9 http://www.bouhammer.com/2008/10/27-marine-amputee-rejoins-battalion-returns-to-combat-after-near-death-experience/Img 10 http://www.lubbockonline.com/slideshows/100908/341958851/slide2.shtmlImg 11 http://drx.typepad.com/psychotherapyblog/2009/02/vintage-photos-john-january.html8th Slide:Img 12 http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosya:Abdulhamit.jpg Img 13 http://www.istanbul.edu.tr/itf/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=51&showall=1Img 14 http://www.tttk.org.tr/english.htm
- 32. REFERENCES of IMAGES9th Slide:Img 15 http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/view/784-heart-valve-ramani?page=3Img 16 http://www.bilgiara.com/bilgi/scft-dis-protezleri/ Img 17 http://eyeconcern.com/servicesImg 18 http://health.howstuffworks.com/prosthetic-limb.htm/printableImg 19 http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/36852/BE-441Fall2003/NR/rdonlyres/Biological-Engineering-Division/BE-441Fall2003/6FA78714-5E4F-4A16-9BDE-7600CA14115B/0/chp_artificial_hip.jpgImg 20 http://www.360oandp.com/Technology-Prosthetic-Heart.aspxImg 39 http://www.kewei-rising.com/images/car_2.jpg10th Slide:Img 21-22-23-24-25 www.ottobock.comImg 26 Hacettepe Universitesi EEM - Akdoğan Kurtuluş E., “Mikroişlemci Tabanlı Uyarlamalı Diz Eklem Tasarımı” ppt, p 10.Vid 01 www.ottobok.com11th Slide:Img 27-28 www.ossur.comImg 29-30 www.ottobock.comImg 31-32 www.nabtesco.com12th Slide:Img 33 www.nabtesco.comImg 34 www.ossur.comImg 35 www.ottobock.com13th Slide:Img 36 www.nabtesco.comImg 37, 38 www.ottobock.com14th Slide: Img 40 -41-42 http://www.swisswuff.ch/tech/?p=35 Img 43 www.ottobock.com
- 33. REFERENCES of IMAGES15th Slide: Img 44 http://medgadget.com/archives/2008/02/update_dean_kamens_luke_arm.html Img 45-46 www.ottobock.com Vid 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0_mLumx-6YVid 3http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRuizeW-3Hc16th Slide: Img 47 http://www.amputee-coalition.org/inmotion/nov_dec_07/history_prosthetics.html19th Slide:Img 48 www.ottobock.com