protocol and the TCP/IP suite Chapter 02
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The document discusses protocols and the TCP/IP protocol suite. It introduces the layered protocol architecture and describes the need for coordination between communicating systems. It explains key aspects of protocols including syntax, semantics, and timing. The TCP/IP protocol suite is presented including the layers of physical, network access, internet, and transport. TCP and UDP are described as transport layer protocols, with TCP providing reliable connection-oriented delivery and UDP being unreliable and connectionless. The OSI reference model layers and concepts of internetworking such as routers are also summarized.
protocol and the TCP/IP suite Chapter 02
- 1. Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 1
- 2. Introduction • Layered protocol architecture • TCP/IP protocol suite • OSI reference model • Internetworking Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 2
- 3. The Need for a Protocol Architecture • Procedures to exchange data between devices can be complex • High degree of cooperation required between communicating systems Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 3
- 4. Example: File transfer • Requires a data path to exist • Tasks: – Activate data communication path – Source determines that destination is ready – File transfer app destination file management app is ready store file for user – File format conversion Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 4
- 5. Layered Protocol Architecture • modules arranged in a vertical stack • Each layer in stack: – Performs related functions – Relies on lower layer for more primitive functions – Provides services to next higher layer – Communicates with corresponding peer layer of neighboring system using a protocol Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 5
- 6. Key Features of a Protocol • Set of rules or conventions to exchange blocks of formatted data • Syntax: data format • Semantics: control information (coordination, error handling) • Timing: speed matching, sequencing Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 6
- 7. TCP/IP Layers • Physical • Network access • Internet • Transport Application Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 7
- 8. TCP and UDP • TCP: – connection-oriented – Reliable packet delivery in sequence • UDP: – connectionless (datagram) – Unreliable packet delivery – Packets may arrive out of sequence or duplicated Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 8
- 9. Figure 2.1 Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 9
- 10. Figure 2.2 Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 10
- 11. Operation of TCP and IP • IP implemented in end systems and routers, relaying data between hosts • TCP implemented only in end systems, assuring reliable delivery of blocks of data • Each host on subnetwork has unique IP address • Each process on each process has unique IP port number Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 11
- 12. Figure 2-3 Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 12
- 13. Figure 2-4 Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 13
- 14. TCP Applications • SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol • FTP: File Transfer Protocol • telnet: remote login Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 14
- 15. OSI Reference Model • Application • Presentation • Session • Transport • Network • Data link • physical Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 15
- 16. Figure 2.5 Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 16
- 17. Internetworking Terms • Communication network • Internet • Intranet • Subnetwork • End system • Intermediate system • Bridge • Router Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 17
- 18. Routers • Provide link between networks • Accommodate network differences: – Addressing schemes – Maximum packet sizes – Hardware and software interfaces – Network reliability Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 18
- 19. Figure 2-7 Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 19
- 20. Figure 2-8 Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 20
- 21. Figure 2-9 Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 21
- 22. Figure 2-10 Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite 22