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APPLICATION 
LAYER 
• Provides interface to 
end-user processes 
• Provides standardized 
services to applications 
PRESENTATION 
LAYER 
• Specifies architecture-independent 
transfer format 
• Encodes and decodes data; 
encrypts and decrypts data; 
compresses data 
SESSION 
LAYER 
data 
TRANSPORT 
LAYER 
• Manages network 
layer connections 
• Provides reliable packet 
delivery mechanism 
NETWORK 
LAYER 
• Addresses and 
routes packets 
802.2 
Ethernet V.2 
Internetwork 
DATA LINK 
LAYER 
• Frames packets 
• Controls physical 
layer data flow 
PHYSICAL 
LAYER 
• Interfaces between network 
medium and network devices 
• Defines electrical and mechanical 
characteristics 
NETWORK ASSOCIATES GUIDE TO COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS 
TCP/IP 
SNA Transaction Services 
Presentation Services 
Ethernet V.2 
ARPA Services 
SLIP 
Serial Line 
IP 
CSLIP 
Compressed 
Slip 
SUN Network Services 
NLM 
Network 
Lock Mgr. 
NFS 
Network 
File System 
RUNIX Remote UNIX Services 
Novell NetWare IBM Protocols ISO 
NDS 
NetWare 
Directory 
Services RPL 
NetWare 
Lite 
Remote 
Program 
Load 
NCP 
NetWare 
Core 
Protocol 
IPX 
WAN 
2 
Path 
From 
SPP 
DLSw Control 
Data Link 
Switching 
SSP 
Switch to 
Switch 
Protocol 
IS-IS 
TRANSPORT PROTOCOL 
Intermediate 
System to 
Intermediate 
System 
Dual 
IS-IS 
ACSE - Association Control Service Element 
ROSE - Remote Operation Service Element 
RTSE - Reliable Transfer Service Element 
DECnet Phase IV 
ES-IS 
End System to 
Intermediate 
System 
DAP 
Data 
Access 
Protocol 
XNS Xerox Network System 
XNS Application Services 
Application 
Support 
GAP 
Gateway 
Access 
Protocol 
XNS Courier 
Bulk Data 
Transfer Protocol 
Virtual 
Terminal 
Filing Mail Printing 
ADSP 
AppleTalk 
Data Stream 
Protocol 
AARP 
AppleTalk 
Address 
Resolution 
Protocol 
AppleTalk 
AEP 
AppleTalk 
Echo 
Protocol 
From 
UDP To 
NBP 
Name 
Binding 
Protocol 
ZIP 
Zone 
Information 
Protocol 
ATP 
AppleTalk 
Transaction 
Protocol 
AFP 
AppleTalk 
Filing 
Protocol 
Postscript 
Banyan VINES 
PAP 
Printer 
Access 
Protocol 
VRTP/VSRTP 
VINES (Sequenced) 
Routing Update 
Protocol 
To 
Oracle 
TNS 
VICP 
VINES Internet 
Control 
Protocol 
VARP/VSARP 
VINES (Sequenced) 
Address Resolution 
Protocol 
ISO-DE 
ISO 
Development 
Environment 
XNS Courier 
Message 
Stream 
Object 
Stream 
Block 
Stream 
VIP 
VINES Internet 
Protocol 
SNMP 
Simple Network 
Mgmt. Protocol 
v1, v2, v2c 
NETWORK PROTOCOL 
NetBIOS 
From 
TCP/ 
IP 
LANs WANs 
Ethernet 
Data Link 
Control 
Ethernet Token Ring FDDI 
Ethernet 
50 ohm coax 
Thin Wire 
50 ohm coax 
Broadband 
75 ohm coax 
ATM 
DRP 
DECnet 
Routing 
Protocol 
Connection-oriented 
Session Protocol 
LAT 
Local 
Area 
Transport 
Protocol 
SCS 
LAVC 
ASP 
AppleTalk 
Session 
Protocol 
Keiwet 
Session 
Protocol 
X.25 
Packet Level 
Protocol 
(Not through X.25) 
AAL3/4 AAL5 
Data 
DSI, DS3 
SONET 
DSI, DS3 
SONET 
ISDN Frame Relay 
Modem Standards 
(via X.25) 
ISDN 
Integrated Services 
Digital Network 
SMDS 
ISDN-B 
64 Kbps 
ISDN-D 
16 Kbps BRI 
64 Kbps PRI 
ISDN H 
384 Kbps 
H11 
1.536 Mbps 
H12 
1.92 Mbps 
BRI - Basic Rate Interface 
PRI - Primary Rate Interface 
V.35 
LAP -A 
IBM 
Channel 
PPP 
Point to Point 
SMDS 
Switched 
Multi-megabit 
Data service 
SDLC 
Synchronous 
Data Link 
Control 
V.21 ATT 
103 
300 bps 
V.22 ATT 
212 
1200 bps 
ATT 209 
9600 bps 
V.22 bis 
2400 bps 
V.26 
2400 bps 
V.26 bis 
2400 bps 
V.27 bis 
4800 bps 
V.29 
9600 bps 
V.32 
9600 bps 
V.32 bis 
14.4 kbps 
V.42 
Error Correction 
via MNP5 or LAPM 
V.42 bis 
Data Compression 
using L-Z derivative 
From 
TCP/IP 
TCP 
From 
ISO 
TP4 
From 
SNI 
To 
Frame 
Relay 
From 
ATM 
AURP 
AppleTalk 
Update-based 
Routing 
Protocol 
RTMP 
Routing 
Table 
Maintenance 
Protocol 
VINES Application Services 
StreetTalk, Mail(IM-III), Network Mgmt., 
Server Service, PC Backend, VINES Security, 
Echotest, File Service, Talk, Async, STDA, Deflector, 
Diagnostic, NetBIOS over VINES, Print Service, 
Semaphore, SNA Service, SX Service 
Hewlett-Packard Network Services 
Network 
File 
Transfer 
Remote 
Database 
Access 
RFA 
Remote 
File 
Access 
Remote 
Process 
Comm. 
Virtual 
Terminal 
FTP 
File 
Transfer 
Protocol 
HTTP 
HyperText 
Transfer 
Protocol 
TELNET 
Virtual 
Terminal 
SMTP 
Simple 
Mail 
Transfer 
Protocol 
RIP 
Routing 
Information 
Protocol 
NLSP 
NetWare 
Link 
Services 
Protocol 
Transmission 
Control 
TPO, TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4 
From SDLC 
Synchronous 
Data Link 
Control 
To 
SMDS 
AAL1 
CBR 
To 
SMDS 
AAL2 
VBR 
AAL 
ATM - Adaption Layer 
ATM - Layer 
Asynchronous 
Transfer Mode 
VLANs 
Virtual LANs 
From 
DECnet 
NSP 
X Windows 
System 
(X10 / X11) 
XDR 
External 
Data 
Representation 
Ipr 
Remote 
Print 
rcp 
Remote 
Copy 
rexec 
Remote 
Execution 
login 
Remote 
Login 
rsh 
Remote 
Shell 
Statd 
Status 
Daemon 
PMAP 
Port 
Mapper 
BOOTP 
Bootstrap 
Protocol 
DHCP 
Dynamic Host 
Configuration 
Protocol 
NTP 
Network 
Time 
Protocol 
TFTP 
Trivial File 
Transfer 
Protocol 
RIP 
Routing 
Information 
OSPF 
Open Shortest 
Path First 
Routing 
BGP 
Border 
Gateway 
EGP 
Exterior 
Gateway 
GGP 
Gateway 
to 
Gateway 
IGRP/EIGRP 
Interior 
Gateway 
Routing CISCO 
Burst 
Mode 
SAP 
Service 
Advertising 
Protocol 
SPX, SPX2 
Sequenced 
Packet 
Exchange 
LU6.2 
Logical 
Unit 
X-25 
Packet 
Level 
Protocol 
CONP 
Connection-oriented 
Network 
Protocol 
CLNP 
Connectionless 
Network 
Protocol 
NICE 
Network Information 
and Command 
Exchange Protocol 
CTERM 
Network 
Command 
Terminal 
RIP 
Routing 
Information 
Protocol 
Error 
Protocol 
Echo 
Protocol 
IDP 
Internetwork 
Datagram 
Protocol 
EIA RS-232D 
or 
V.24 
RS-449 
RS-423 
Unbalanced 
RS-422-A 
Balanced 
HDLC LAPB 
(ISO) 7776) 
High-level Data Link Control 
Link Access Procedure 
RPC 
Remote 
Procedure 
Call 
LPP 
Lightweight 
Presentation 
Protocol 
DDM 
Distributed 
Data 
Mgmt. 
DCA 
Document 
Content 
Architecture 
SNA/FS 
File 
Services 
DIA 
Document 
Interchange 
Architecture 
SNA/MS 
SNA 
Mgmt. 
Services 
SNA/DS 
SNA 
Distributed 
Services 
To 
NetBIOS 
ISO 
NetBIOS 
To 
NetBIOS 
To 
NetBIOS 
SPP 
Sequence 
Packet 
Protocol 
PEP 
Packet 
Exchange 
Protocol 
SIP 
SMDS 
Interface Protocol 
To 
IPX 
MOP 
Maintenance 
Operations 
Protocol 
FOUND 
Foundation 
Services 
From 
Broadband 
ISDN 
1 BASE5 
StarLAN 
10 BROAD 36 
10 BASE-T 
Twisted Pair 
10 BASE5 
Thick 
10BASE2 
Thin 
10 BASE-F 
(A or P) 
Fiber 
802.2 Logical Link Control 
IEEE 802.5 
Token Passing Ring 
Media Access Control 
IEEE 802.12 
VG-AnyLAN 
IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD 
Media Access Control 
Sub Network Access Protocol 
(SNAP) 
Type 1 
Connectionless Service 
Type 2 
Connection Service 
Type 3 
ACK Connectionless Service 
NSP 
Network 
Services Protocol 
DNA 
From 
IP 
From 
VIPC 
3270 
Data 
Stream 
NAMED 
PIPES 
for OS/2 
To 
DDP 
IP 
To 
ARP 
From 
IPX 
From 
VSPP 
From 
TCP 
ND 
Network 
Disk 
From 
IPX 
From 
PPTP 
VINES 
NETRPC 
SMB 
UDP 
User 
Datagram 
Protocol 
QLLC 
Qualified 
Logical 
Link 
Control 
HPR 
High 
Performance 
Routing 
APPN 
Advanced 
Peer-to-Peer 
Networking 
TCP 
Transmission 
Control 
Protocol 
To 
NetBIOS 
VIPC 
VINES Interprocess 
Communications 
Protocol 
CMIP 
Common 
Mgmt. 
Information 
Protocol 
ROSE 
DS 
Directory 
Services 
X.500 
ROSE 
FTAM 
File 
Transfer 
Access 
and 
Mgmt. 
MHS 
Mail 
Handling 
Service 
X.400 
RTSE 
ODA 
Office 
Document 
Architecture 
VT 
Virtual 
Terminal 
MMS 
Manufacturing 
Messaging 
Service 
ACSE ACSE 
From 
UDP 
IP 
Internet 
Protocol 
From 
VIPC 
From 
CDP 
ICMP 
Internet Control 
Message 
Protocol 
To 
VFRP 
To 
ISO-TP To 
IPX 
To 
NetBIOS 
To 
DLSw 
SSP 
To 
PPTP 
From 
VIPC 
To 
VFRP 
To 
VFRP 
DVMRP 
Distance Vector 
Multicast 
Routing 
Protocol 
IGMP 
Internet 
Group 
Mgmt. 
Protocol 
RSVP 
Resource 
Reservation 
Protocol 
To 
VFRP 
To 
NetBIOS 
 
SMB 
From 
VIPC 
From 
IPX 
To 
VFRP 
To 
VINES 
NETRPC 
RARP 
Reverse 
ARP 
ARP 
Address 
Resolution 
Protocol 
100 BASET 
100 BASEX 
SNI 
Subscriber Network 
Interface 
DSO PLCP - 64 Kbps 
G.703 PLCP 
DS1 PLCP - T1 - 1.544 Mbps 
DS3 PLCP - T3 - 45 Mbps 
SONET 
Fiber 
Optic 
Shielded 
Twisted Pair 
4/16 Mbps 
UTP 4/16 
Unshielded 
Twisted Pair 
SDDI 
Shielded 
Copper 
CDDI 
Copper 
Twisted Pair 
FDDI 
Fiber Optic 
VFRP 
VINES Fragmentation 
Protocol 
DDP 
Datagram Delivery 
Protocol 
Apple - LAP 
Link Access 
Protocol 
VSPP 
VINES Sequenced 
Packet Protocol 
ACSE ACSE ACSE ACSE ACSE 
Connection-oriented 
Presentation Protocol 
ASN.1 
IPX – 
Internetwork 
Packet 
Exchange 
DAP 
Lightweight 
Directory 
Access 
Protocol 
DNS 
Domain 
Name 
System 
CMOT 
(CMIP over 
TCP/IP) 
(see also ISO) 
Data 
Flow 
Control 
3270 
Data 
Stream 
SCS 
SNA 
Character 
Stream 
IPDS 
Intelligent 
Printer 
Data 
Stream 
Browse 
File 
Print Named 
Pipes 
SMB 
Server 
Message 
Block 
NetBEUI 
From 
IPX 
From 
From VIPC 
NBP 
From 
NSP 
From 
ISO 
Mount 
ANSI 
T-1.617 
NXD Frame Format 
NIS YP 
Network 
Information 
System 
X.25 PAD 
Packet 
Assembler/ 
Disassembler 
Protocol 
X.3, 
X.28, 
X.29 
DNS 
Distributed 
Name 
Server 
SCP 
Session 
Control 
Protocol 
FDDI Token Passing Ring 
Media Access Control 
ANSI 
IEEE 802.6 
Metropolitan Area Network 
DQDB Media Access Control

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Protocols

  • 1. APPLICATION LAYER • Provides interface to end-user processes • Provides standardized services to applications PRESENTATION LAYER • Specifies architecture-independent transfer format • Encodes and decodes data; encrypts and decrypts data; compresses data SESSION LAYER data TRANSPORT LAYER • Manages network layer connections • Provides reliable packet delivery mechanism NETWORK LAYER • Addresses and routes packets 802.2 Ethernet V.2 Internetwork DATA LINK LAYER • Frames packets • Controls physical layer data flow PHYSICAL LAYER • Interfaces between network medium and network devices • Defines electrical and mechanical characteristics NETWORK ASSOCIATES GUIDE TO COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS TCP/IP SNA Transaction Services Presentation Services Ethernet V.2 ARPA Services SLIP Serial Line IP CSLIP Compressed Slip SUN Network Services NLM Network Lock Mgr. NFS Network File System RUNIX Remote UNIX Services Novell NetWare IBM Protocols ISO NDS NetWare Directory Services RPL NetWare Lite Remote Program Load NCP NetWare Core Protocol IPX WAN 2 Path From SPP DLSw Control Data Link Switching SSP Switch to Switch Protocol IS-IS TRANSPORT PROTOCOL Intermediate System to Intermediate System Dual IS-IS ACSE - Association Control Service Element ROSE - Remote Operation Service Element RTSE - Reliable Transfer Service Element DECnet Phase IV ES-IS End System to Intermediate System DAP Data Access Protocol XNS Xerox Network System XNS Application Services Application Support GAP Gateway Access Protocol XNS Courier Bulk Data Transfer Protocol Virtual Terminal Filing Mail Printing ADSP AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol AppleTalk AEP AppleTalk Echo Protocol From UDP To NBP Name Binding Protocol ZIP Zone Information Protocol ATP AppleTalk Transaction Protocol AFP AppleTalk Filing Protocol Postscript Banyan VINES PAP Printer Access Protocol VRTP/VSRTP VINES (Sequenced) Routing Update Protocol To Oracle TNS VICP VINES Internet Control Protocol VARP/VSARP VINES (Sequenced) Address Resolution Protocol ISO-DE ISO Development Environment XNS Courier Message Stream Object Stream Block Stream VIP VINES Internet Protocol SNMP Simple Network Mgmt. Protocol v1, v2, v2c NETWORK PROTOCOL NetBIOS From TCP/ IP LANs WANs Ethernet Data Link Control Ethernet Token Ring FDDI Ethernet 50 ohm coax Thin Wire 50 ohm coax Broadband 75 ohm coax ATM DRP DECnet Routing Protocol Connection-oriented Session Protocol LAT Local Area Transport Protocol SCS LAVC ASP AppleTalk Session Protocol Keiwet Session Protocol X.25 Packet Level Protocol (Not through X.25) AAL3/4 AAL5 Data DSI, DS3 SONET DSI, DS3 SONET ISDN Frame Relay Modem Standards (via X.25) ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network SMDS ISDN-B 64 Kbps ISDN-D 16 Kbps BRI 64 Kbps PRI ISDN H 384 Kbps H11 1.536 Mbps H12 1.92 Mbps BRI - Basic Rate Interface PRI - Primary Rate Interface V.35 LAP -A IBM Channel PPP Point to Point SMDS Switched Multi-megabit Data service SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control V.21 ATT 103 300 bps V.22 ATT 212 1200 bps ATT 209 9600 bps V.22 bis 2400 bps V.26 2400 bps V.26 bis 2400 bps V.27 bis 4800 bps V.29 9600 bps V.32 9600 bps V.32 bis 14.4 kbps V.42 Error Correction via MNP5 or LAPM V.42 bis Data Compression using L-Z derivative From TCP/IP TCP From ISO TP4 From SNI To Frame Relay From ATM AURP AppleTalk Update-based Routing Protocol RTMP Routing Table Maintenance Protocol VINES Application Services StreetTalk, Mail(IM-III), Network Mgmt., Server Service, PC Backend, VINES Security, Echotest, File Service, Talk, Async, STDA, Deflector, Diagnostic, NetBIOS over VINES, Print Service, Semaphore, SNA Service, SX Service Hewlett-Packard Network Services Network File Transfer Remote Database Access RFA Remote File Access Remote Process Comm. Virtual Terminal FTP File Transfer Protocol HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol TELNET Virtual Terminal SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol RIP Routing Information Protocol NLSP NetWare Link Services Protocol Transmission Control TPO, TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4 From SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control To SMDS AAL1 CBR To SMDS AAL2 VBR AAL ATM - Adaption Layer ATM - Layer Asynchronous Transfer Mode VLANs Virtual LANs From DECnet NSP X Windows System (X10 / X11) XDR External Data Representation Ipr Remote Print rcp Remote Copy rexec Remote Execution login Remote Login rsh Remote Shell Statd Status Daemon PMAP Port Mapper BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol NTP Network Time Protocol TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol RIP Routing Information OSPF Open Shortest Path First Routing BGP Border Gateway EGP Exterior Gateway GGP Gateway to Gateway IGRP/EIGRP Interior Gateway Routing CISCO Burst Mode SAP Service Advertising Protocol SPX, SPX2 Sequenced Packet Exchange LU6.2 Logical Unit X-25 Packet Level Protocol CONP Connection-oriented Network Protocol CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol NICE Network Information and Command Exchange Protocol CTERM Network Command Terminal RIP Routing Information Protocol Error Protocol Echo Protocol IDP Internetwork Datagram Protocol EIA RS-232D or V.24 RS-449 RS-423 Unbalanced RS-422-A Balanced HDLC LAPB (ISO) 7776) High-level Data Link Control Link Access Procedure RPC Remote Procedure Call LPP Lightweight Presentation Protocol DDM Distributed Data Mgmt. DCA Document Content Architecture SNA/FS File Services DIA Document Interchange Architecture SNA/MS SNA Mgmt. Services SNA/DS SNA Distributed Services To NetBIOS ISO NetBIOS To NetBIOS To NetBIOS SPP Sequence Packet Protocol PEP Packet Exchange Protocol SIP SMDS Interface Protocol To IPX MOP Maintenance Operations Protocol FOUND Foundation Services From Broadband ISDN 1 BASE5 StarLAN 10 BROAD 36 10 BASE-T Twisted Pair 10 BASE5 Thick 10BASE2 Thin 10 BASE-F (A or P) Fiber 802.2 Logical Link Control IEEE 802.5 Token Passing Ring Media Access Control IEEE 802.12 VG-AnyLAN IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Media Access Control Sub Network Access Protocol (SNAP) Type 1 Connectionless Service Type 2 Connection Service Type 3 ACK Connectionless Service NSP Network Services Protocol DNA From IP From VIPC 3270 Data Stream NAMED PIPES for OS/2 To DDP IP To ARP From IPX From VSPP From TCP ND Network Disk From IPX From PPTP VINES NETRPC SMB UDP User Datagram Protocol QLLC Qualified Logical Link Control HPR High Performance Routing APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking TCP Transmission Control Protocol To NetBIOS VIPC VINES Interprocess Communications Protocol CMIP Common Mgmt. Information Protocol ROSE DS Directory Services X.500 ROSE FTAM File Transfer Access and Mgmt. MHS Mail Handling Service X.400 RTSE ODA Office Document Architecture VT Virtual Terminal MMS Manufacturing Messaging Service ACSE ACSE From UDP IP Internet Protocol From VIPC From CDP ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol To VFRP To ISO-TP To IPX To NetBIOS To DLSw SSP To PPTP From VIPC To VFRP To VFRP DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol IGMP Internet Group Mgmt. Protocol RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol To VFRP To NetBIOS SMB From VIPC From IPX To VFRP To VINES NETRPC RARP Reverse ARP ARP Address Resolution Protocol 100 BASET 100 BASEX SNI Subscriber Network Interface DSO PLCP - 64 Kbps G.703 PLCP DS1 PLCP - T1 - 1.544 Mbps DS3 PLCP - T3 - 45 Mbps SONET Fiber Optic Shielded Twisted Pair 4/16 Mbps UTP 4/16 Unshielded Twisted Pair SDDI Shielded Copper CDDI Copper Twisted Pair FDDI Fiber Optic VFRP VINES Fragmentation Protocol DDP Datagram Delivery Protocol Apple - LAP Link Access Protocol VSPP VINES Sequenced Packet Protocol ACSE ACSE ACSE ACSE ACSE Connection-oriented Presentation Protocol ASN.1 IPX – Internetwork Packet Exchange DAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol DNS Domain Name System CMOT (CMIP over TCP/IP) (see also ISO) Data Flow Control 3270 Data Stream SCS SNA Character Stream IPDS Intelligent Printer Data Stream Browse File Print Named Pipes SMB Server Message Block NetBEUI From IPX From From VIPC NBP From NSP From ISO Mount ANSI T-1.617 NXD Frame Format NIS YP Network Information System X.25 PAD Packet Assembler/ Disassembler Protocol X.3, X.28, X.29 DNS Distributed Name Server SCP Session Control Protocol FDDI Token Passing Ring Media Access Control ANSI IEEE 802.6 Metropolitan Area Network DQDB Media Access Control