Prototypes as Boundary Objects for Collaboration
2 likes512 views
The document discusses the use of prototypes as boundary objects in strategic design to enhance collaboration among cross-functional teams, addressing the issue of dysfunctionality caused by siloes. It outlines the characteristics of effective prototypes and provides guidelines for their use in facilitating communication and innovation. Key strategies include keeping prototypes simple, leaving them incomplete to encourage feedback, and combining different stakeholder languages to bridge knowledge gaps.
Prototypes as Boundary Objects for Collaboration
- 1. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ Prototypes as boundary objects Rafael Canales Durón – Strategic Designer @ Remember to Play Strategic Design Sandbox July 25th, 2017
- 3. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ Prototypes as boundary objects for strategic collaboration
- 4. A TYPICAL CROSS FUNCTIONAL TEAM https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 5. 75% of cross-functional teams are dysfunctional The main reason: siloes tend to perpetuate themselves. Behnam Tabrizi, HBR 2015 https://hbr.org/2015/06/75-of-cross-functional-teams-are-dysfunctional https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 9. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ PRAGMATIC Transform SEMANTIC Translate SYNTACTIC Transfer Touchpoints, actors, vision, experience, Cloud, database, backend, SPK, API, Fork Knowledge Boundaries Actor A Creative Actor B Technical Adapted from: Carlile, P.R., 2004. Transferring, translating, and transforming: An integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries. Organization science, 15(5), pp.555-568. Difference Dependency
- 10. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ PRAGMATIC Transform SEMANTIC Translate SYNTACTIC Transfer Cloud, database, backend, SPK, API, Fork Information processing boundary A common lexicon Knowledge Boundaries Touchpoints, actors, vision, experience, Actor A Creative Actor B Technical Adapted from: Carlile, P.R., 2004. Transferring, translating, and transforming: An integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries. Organization science, 15(5), pp.555-568.
- 11. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ PRAGMATIC Transform SEMANTIC Translate SYNTACTIC Transfer +NOVELTY + DIFFERENCE DEPENDENCY Knowledge Boundaries A SERVICE A SERVICE Actor A Creative Actor B Technical Adapted from: Carlile, P.R., 2004. Transferring, translating, and transforming: An integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries. Organization science, 15(5), pp.555-568.
- 12. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ PRAGMATIC Transform SEMANTIC Translate SYNTACTIC Transfer +NOVELTY Interpretative boundary Models/meanings Knowledge Boundaries Actor A Creative Actor B Technical Adapted from: Carlile, P.R., 2004. Transferring, translating, and transforming: An integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries. Organization science, 15(5), pp.555-568.
- 13. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ PRAGMATIC Transform SEMANTIC Translate SYNTACTIC Transfer +++NOVELTY +++ DIFFERENCE DEPENDENCY Knowledge Boundaries Actor A Creative Actor B Technical Adapted from: Carlile, P.R., 2004. Transferring, translating, and transforming: An integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries. Organization science, 15(5), pp.555-568.
- 14. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ PRAGMATIC Transform SEMANTIC Translate SYNTACTIC Transfer +++NOVELTY Knowledge Boundaries Political boundary Boundary objects Actor A Creative Actor B Technical Adapted from: Carlile, P.R., 2004. Transferring, translating, and transforming: An integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries. Organization science, 15(5), pp.555-568.
- 15. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ WHAT IS A BOUNDARY OBJECT A boundary object is a ‘thing’ that is both defined enough that several communities can recognise it as the same thing, yet flexible enough that each community can use it according to their own needs. Star, S.L. and Griesemer, J.R., 1989. Institutional ecology,translations' and boundary objects: Amateurs and professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39. Social studies of science, 19(3), pp.387-420. Boundary objects
- 16. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ ● Designers have the ability to visualize/materialize ideas and make knowledge more accessible. ● Prototypes can be defined as “any representation of a design idea, regardless of medium” Houde, S. and Hill, C., 1997. What do prototypes prototype. Handbook of human-computer interaction, 2, pp.367-381. ● Any prototype is always a limited representation. It is restricted in form and medium and thereby represents only limited aspects of a greater idea. Prototype Idea DESIGN BOUNDARY OBJECTS PROTOTYPES – REPRESENTATIONS
- 18. PROTOTYPES IS A BRICK A PROTOTYPE? Houde, S. and Hill, C., 1997. What do prototypes prototype. Handbook of human-computer interaction, 2, pp.367-381.
- 19. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ ● Using prototypes to describe a product/idea vs ● Using prototypes to facilitate conversations / collaboration / learning ○ Better alignment and coordination / spark new ideas. PROTOTYPES WHY PROTOTYPE? Prototype
- 20. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ ● Using prototypes to facilitate conversations / collaboration / learning Calabretta, Gardien, 2015. Chapter 2: Co-creating and prototyping to trigger innovative thinking and doing. Strategic design: eight essential practices every strategic designer must master. ○ Keep it simple ○ Leave it incomplete ○ Plan the making process ○ Combine languages PROTOTYPES FOR COLLABORATION HOW TO? Prototype
- 21. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ 1/ KEEP IT SIMPLE Represent essential information to make uncertainty more approachable. Do not aim to show your drawing skills, but rather spark imagination of stakeholders. PROTOTYPING FOR COLLABORATION HOW TO? Security gates at Schiphol by Fabrique / Accenture / Vision Box https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 22. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ Security gates at Schiphol by Fabrique / Accenture / Vision Box https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 23. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ Shopping cart concept by IDEO https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 25. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ Google Glass first prototype at Google X https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkyMCCnNI3Q https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 26. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ 2/ LEAVE IT INCOMPLETE Use incomplete prototypes to solicit feedback and inspire action. Detailed representations trigger detailed questions that might not yet be relevant. Too incomplete ones trigger general observations. PROTOTYPING FOR COLLABORATION HOW TO? Airbus Transpose – 2016 https://vimeo.com/202234873 https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 27. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ Customer journey mapping with stakeholders. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 28. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ 3. Plan the Making Process 3/ PLAN THE MAKING PROCESS The process of making the artifact with the stakeholders might be more valuable than the artifact itself. Do not only choose what to prototype, but also plan the execution and who needs to be involved. PROTOTYPING FOR COLLABORATION HOW TO? https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 29. Ink Strategy – facilitating decision making through visualization https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 30. Philips HealthSuite Labs co-creative approachhttps://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 31. Philips Breast Pump – Changing your hammer http://www.ijdesign.org/ojs/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/1315/635 https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 32. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ 4. Combine Languages 4/ COMBINE LANGUAGES Think of your stakeholders and what is their ‘language’. Combine inspiring images and stories with quantitative data to inspire both emotional and rational decision makers. PROTOTYPING FOR COLLABORATION HOW TO? https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 33. Apple Knowledge Navigator Video (1987) https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/
- 34. https://www.meetup.com/Strategic-Design-Sandbox/ ● Keep it simple ○ Represent essential information in a simple way ● Leave it incomplete ○ Ask questions ● Plan the making process ○ Invite stakeholders to make/change the prototype ● Combine languages ○ Incorporate the language of your stakeholders PROTOTYPES FOR COLLABORATION HOW TO? Prototype
- 36. More on prototypes and boundary objects: ● The power of prototyping – University of San Diego https://www.coursera.org/learn/human-computer-interaction/lecture/25EPu/the-power-of-prototyping ● The boundary spanning practice of user centered design https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:a03a6a9a-33ec-4d20-8aae-202354b9a571/datastream/OBJ ● Prototyping and boundary objects https://medium.com/@matt_speaks/prototyping-and-boundary-objects-b469b63d5115 ● Stompff, Smulders, 2014. The Right Fidelity: Designedly representations that enhance multidisciplinary product development https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3Af27a449b-fe94-4786-826e-eda832dd9e35 ● Rhinow, Köppen, and Meinel, 2012. Design prototypes as boundary objects in innovation processes. https://hpi.de/fileadmin/user_upload/fachgebiete/meinel/papers/Design_Thinking/2012_Rhinow_DRS.pdf ● Carlile, 2004. Transferring, Translating, and Transforming: An Integrative Framework for Managing Knowledge Across Boundaries. http://people.bu.edu/carlile/docs/3-T%20Framework%20(Carlile).pdf ● Houde & Hill, 1997. What do prototypes prototype? https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/30bc/6125fab9d9b2d5854223aeea7900a218f149.pdf ● Rhinow, Köppen, Moritz, Jobst, and Meinel, 2013. Prototypes for innovation: facing the complexity of prototyping. https://goo.gl/A167SS ● Prototyping card set: https://hpi.de/dtrp/projekte/projekte-201213/from-prototype-to-innovation-ii-exploring-the-field.html