PROV ontology supports alignment of observational data (models)
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1) The document discusses different ontologies that model observations and measurements, including PROV, SSNX, OBOE, BCO, and how their terminology and conceptualizations of key concepts like "observation" differ. 2) It presents observation as an activity according to PROV and argues that sampling and actuation should also be modeled as activities. 3) Aligning the ontologies and grounding them in upper ontologies like BFO can help address misunderstandings from different modeling approaches.
![What’s the problem?
OM_Observation
+ phenomenonTime
+ resultTime
+ validTime [0..1]
+ resultQuality [0..*]
+ parameter [0..*]
GF_PropertyType
GFI_Feature
OM_Process Any
+observedProperty
1
0..*
+featureOfInterest 1
0..*
+procedure1 +result
MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments
SJD Cox, OGC Abstract Specification – Topic 20: Observations and Measurements 2.0
http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/om
ISO 19156:2011 Geographic Information – Observations and measurements
https://www.iso.org/standard/32574.html
O&M: ISO 19156
Geographic Information–
Observations and
Measurements
3 |](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cox-prov-alignments-171205213058/85/PROV-ontology-supports-alignment-of-observational-data-models-3-320.jpg)
![What is an observation?
OM_Observation
+ phenomenonTime
+ resultTime
+ validTime [0..1]
+ resultQuality [0..*]
+ parameter [0..*]
GF_PropertyType
GFI_Feature
OM_Process Any
+observedProperty
1
0..*
+featureOfInterest 1
0..*
+procedure1 +result
An Observation is an action whose
result is an estimate of the value
of some property of the feature-of-
interest, obtained using a specified
procedure
MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments Cox, OGC Abstract Specification – Topic 20: Observations and Measurements 2.0
ISO 19156:2011 Geographic Information – Observations and measurements
8 |](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cox-prov-alignments-171205213058/85/PROV-ontology-supports-alignment-of-observational-data-models-8-320.jpg)
PROV ontology supports alignment of observational data (models)
- 1. PROV ontology supports alignment of observational data (models) Simon J D Cox LAND AND WATER 4 December 2017
- 2. Outline • The problem – different terminologies • Observation as an Activity • Alignments MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments2 |
- 3. What’s the problem? OM_Observation + phenomenonTime + resultTime + validTime [0..1] + resultQuality [0..*] + parameter [0..*] GF_PropertyType GFI_Feature OM_Process Any +observedProperty 1 0..* +featureOfInterest 1 0..* +procedure1 +result MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments SJD Cox, OGC Abstract Specification – Topic 20: Observations and Measurements 2.0 http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/om ISO 19156:2011 Geographic Information – Observations and measurements https://www.iso.org/standard/32574.html O&M: ISO 19156 Geographic Information– Observations and Measurements 3 |
- 4. What’s the problem? SSNX – Semantic Sensor Network ontology MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments4 | The SSN ontology of the W3C semantic sensor network incubator group. Michael Compton et al.. Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, 17:25-32 . December 2012. URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570826812000571
- 5. What’s the problem? OBOE – the Extensible Observation Ontology MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments5 | OBOE: the Extensible Observation Ontology, version 1.1. Mark Schildhauer; Matthew B. Jones; Shawn Bowers; Joshua Madin; Sergeui Krivov; Deana Pennington; Ferdinando Villa; Benjamin Leinfelder; Christopher Jones; Margaret O'Brien.2016. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5063/F11C1TTM
- 6. What’s the problem? BCO - Biological Collections Ontology MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments6 | Walls, R. L., Deck, J., Guralnick, R., Baskauf, S., Beaman, R., Blum, S., … Wooley, J. (2014). Semantics in support of biodiversity knowledge discovery: an introduction to the biological collections ontology and related ontologies. PloS One, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089606
- 7. This is the problem! ISO 19156 O&M – Observation – result—Any – procedure—Process – observed-property—Property – feature-of-interest—Feature – phenomenon-time – result-time W3C SSNX – Observation – observationResult—SensorOutput – observedBy—Sensor – implements—Sensing(Process) – detects—Stimulus – isProxyFor—Property – isPropertyOf—FeatureOfInterest MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments7 | OBOE – Measurement – hasValue—Entity – usesProtocol--Protocol – ofCharacteristic—Characteristic – measurementFor/ofEntity—Entity OBI/BCO – observing process – material target of observation – has specified input – has specified output – quality – specimen – specimen collection process
- 8. What is an observation? OM_Observation + phenomenonTime + resultTime + validTime [0..1] + resultQuality [0..*] + parameter [0..*] GF_PropertyType GFI_Feature OM_Process Any +observedProperty 1 0..* +featureOfInterest 1 0..* +procedure1 +result An Observation is an action whose result is an estimate of the value of some property of the feature-of- interest, obtained using a specified procedure MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments Cox, OGC Abstract Specification – Topic 20: Observations and Measurements 2.0 ISO 19156:2011 Geographic Information – Observations and measurements 8 |
- 9. Process-flow model Core PROV MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments Developed primarily for datasets, data products, reports T. Lebo, S. Sahoo, D.L. McGuinness, PROV-O: The PROV Ontology, (2013). http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/ 9 |
- 10. An Observation is an Activity MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments10 | A Haller, K Janowicz, S Cox, D Le Phuoc, K Taylor, M Lefrancois. Semantic Sensor Network Ontology W3C Recommendation 19 October 2017 https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/
- 11. BCO agrees BCO - Biological Collections Ontology MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments11 |
- 12. SSNX (through DUL alignment) does not MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments • Observation, Process are ‘Social Objects’ • Not an ‘Event’ M. Compton, P. Barnaghi, L. Bermudez, R. García-Castro, O. Corcho, S.J.D. Cox, et al., The SSN ontology of the W3C semantic sensor network incubator group, Web Semant. Sci. Serv. Agents World Wide Web. 17 (2012) 25–32. doi:10.1016/j.websem.2012.05.003. 12 |
- 13. MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments M. Compton, D. Corsar, K. Taylor, Sensor Data Provenance: SSNO and PROV-O Together at Last, in: 7th Int. Work. Semant. Sens. Networks, 2014. SSNX aligned to PROV 13 |
- 14. Sampling is also an Activity MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments14 | A Haller, K Janowicz, S Cox, D Le Phuoc, K Taylor, M Lefrancois. Semantic Sensor Network Ontology W3C Recommendation 19 October 2017 https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/
- 15. OBI agrees BCO - Biological Collections Ontology MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments15 | Bandrowski A, Brinkman R, Brochhausen M, Brush MH, Bug B, Chibucos MC, et al. (2016) The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0154556. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154556
- 16. Actuation is also an Activity MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments16 | A Haller, K Janowicz, S Cox, D Le Phuoc, K Taylor, M Lefrancois. Semantic Sensor Network Ontology W3C Recommendation 19 October 2017 https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/
- 17. PROV-O ↔ BFO MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments17 |
- 18. PROV-O ↔ OWL-Time MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments18 |
- 19. PROV-O ↔ SOSA MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments19 |
- 20. Summary “observation” and “process” mean different things in different models Inter-community discussions are vulnerable to misunderstandings Grounding in traditional ‘upper ontologies’ doesn’t necessarily help! SSNX-DUL vs OBI/BCO-BFO Generating result of an observation is essentially a process-flow PROV-O provides a lightweight ‘upper ontology’ that can help MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments20 |
- 21. Land and Water Simon Cox Research Scientist t +61 3 9545 2365 e simon.cox@csiro.au w www.csiro.au LAND AND WATER Thank you
- 22. OBOE ↔ SOSA MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments22 |
- 23. BFO/OBI/BCO MODSIM 2017 | Cox | Prov alignments23 |