PSY285 Chapter 2
- 1. 1A PowerPoint™ Slide Presentation forAbnormal Psychology Ninth Edition 9/eLauren B. Alloy, Ph.D.John H. Riskind, Ph.D.Margaret B. ManosDeveloped by Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D.McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2005. This McGraw-Hill multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission over any network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
- 2. 2Chapter 2Diagnosis and Assessment
- 3. 3Chapter Main PointsDiagnosis and Assessment: The IssuesMethods of AssessmentCultural Bias in Assessment
- 4. 4Diagnosis and AssessmentPsychological Assessment:The collection, organization, and interpretation of information about a person and his or her situation
- 5. 5Why Assessment?Description:The rendering of an accurate portrait of personality, cognitive functioning, mood, and behaviorPrediction:Predict future behavior based on present functioning
- 6. 6Diagnosis of Mental DisordersDiagnosis:The person’s problem is classified within one of a set of recognized categories of abnormal behavior and is labeled accordingly
- 7. 7Diagnosis of Mental DisordersThe Classification of Abnormal BehaviorThe Practice of DiagnosisPrognosisCriticisms of Diagnosis
- 8. 8Diagnosis of Mental DisordersCategorical Classification:Sorting of patients into diagnostic categoriesDimensional Classification:Based on dimensions of pathology
- 9. 9The DSM-IV SystemSpecific Diagnostic Criteria:Essential featuresAssociated featuresDiagnostic criteriaDifferential diagnosis
- 10. 10The DSM-IV SystemDSM Five Axes of DiagnosisAxis I - Clinical syndromeAxis II - Personality disordersAxis III - General medical disordersAxis IV - Psychosocial/environmental problemsAxis V - Global assessment of functioning
- 12. 12The DSM-IV SystemUnspecified Cause:Avoids any suggestion as to the cause of a disorder unless the cause has been definitely established
- 13. 13ReliabilityReliability:The degree to which findings can stand the test of repeated measurementsCriteria for Reliability:Internal consistencyTest-retest reliabilityInterjudge (interrater) reliability
- 14. 14ValidityValidity:Extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measureDescriptive Validity:Degree to which an assessment device provides significant information about the current behavior of the people being assessed
- 15. 15ValidityPredictive Validity:Degree to which an assessment answers questions about cause, prognosis, and treatment
- 16. 16Problems in AssessmentProblems in Assessment:Manner in which assessor conducts interviewManner in which assessor interprets the evidencePragmatic considerations that interfere with accurate evaluation
- 17. 17The InterviewThe Interview:A face-to-face conversation between subject and examinerMental Status Exam (MSE):a very broad examination aimed at turning up any sign of disorder
- 18. 18Psychological TestsPsychological Test:A standard procedure in which persons are presented with a series of stimuli to which they are asked to respondPsychometric Approach:Psychometrists attempt to locate stable underlying characteristics, or traits, that presumably exist in differing degrees in everyone
- 19. 19Psychological TestsIntelligence Testing:Concept of Intelligence Quotient (IQ)WAIS-R, Stanford-Binet, K-ABC, OtherProjective Personality Testing:Rorschach Psychodiagnostic Inkblot TestThematic Apperception Test (TAT)Sentence Completion Test
- 20. 20Psychological Tests: Intelligence(questions similar to Wechsler)General Information- How many wings does a bird have?General Comprehension- What is the advantage of keeping money in a bank?Arithmetic - If an apple costs $0.10, how much should a dozen apples cost?Similarities - In what ways are a lion and a tiger alike?Vocabulary - What does ______ mean? (wide range of difficulty)
- 22. 22Psychological TestsSelf-report Personality Inventories:Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)The L (Lie) ScaleThe K (Subtle Defensiveness) ScaleThe F (infrequency) ScaleTest Response SetsMillon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III)Millon Personality Scales
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- 24. 24Psychological Tests for OrganicityThe Bender-Gestalt Test for Organic Screening
- 25. 25 Laboratory TestsElectroencephalogram (EEG)Polygraph ExaminationGalvanic Skin Response (GSR)Electromyogram (EMG)Polysomnography
- 26. 26Observation in Natural SettingsSituational Variables:Environmental stimuli that precede and follow any given actionPerson Variables:The person’s stable traits
- 27. 27Recapping the Main PointsDiagnosis and Assessment: The IssuesMethods of AssessmentCultural Bias in Assessment
- 28. 28End of Chapter 2Diagnosis and Assessment