pterygopalatine_fosssa.pdf
- 1. Nerve of the pterygoid canal Formed in the middle cranial fossa by the union of: Greater petrosal nerve (branch of the facial nerve) Deep petrosal nerve (branch of the internal carotid plexus). Enters through pterygoid canal Join pterygopalatine ganglion Caries: preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from greater petrosal postganglionic sympathetic fibers from deep petrosal
- 2. Branch from facial in middle ear cavity Medial wall of the tympanic cavity from geniculate ganglion Leave to Middle cranial fossa through the greater petrosal foramen Greater petrosal nerve
- 3. Passes over Foramen lacerum, where it joins deep petrosal nerve to form the nerve to pterygoid canal Pterygoid canal Pterygopalatine gangilion Maxillary nerve Greater petrosal nerve
- 4. Posterior margin of the middle cranial fossa Under the internal carotid artery Superior surface of the cartilage filling the foramen lacerum Joined by the deep petrosal nerve to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal Greater petrosal nerve
- 5. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers originate in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion in the neck leave the ganglion (suoerior cervical) as the internal carotid nerve Deep petrosal nerve
- 6. largest of the four parasympathetic ganglia in the head postganglionic parasympathetic fibers originate in the pterygopalatine ganglion + postganglionic sympathetic fibers passing through the ganglion Distribute with orbital, palatine, nasal, and pharyngeal branches Supplies: Mucous glands in the nasal cavity Salivary glands in the upper half of the oral cavity lacrimal gland in the orbit. Pterygopalatine ganglion
- 7. Fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion join main trunk of the maxillary nerve and distributed with: Zygomatic Posterior superior alveolar Infra-orbital Deep petrosal nerve Fibers leave the zygomaticotemporal branch of the zygomatic nerve travels up the lateral orbital wall to join the lacrimal nerve
- 8. Nerve supply of lacrimal gland The lacrimal nerve is a major general sensory branch of the ophthalmic nerve Parasympathetic innervation: originally from great petrosal nerve branch of facial Sympathatic innervation : originally from deep petrosal nerve from carotid plexus, superior cervical ganglia
- 10. through the infra-orbital foramen Anterior superior alveolar arteries: incisor and canine teeth Maxillary artery Branches from 3rd part: (pterygopalatine fossa) Anterior to pterygopalatine ganglion Posterior superior alveolar artery molar and premolar Infra-orbital artery through the inferior orbital fissure
- 11. Greater palatine artery Into the palatine canal Gives lesser palatine branch (soft palate) Then superiorly through the incisive canal supply the anterior aspect of the septal wall of the nasal cavity Maxillary artery
- 12. Sphenopalatine artery: (largest) terminal branch of the maxillary artery Branches Posterior lateral nasal branches Posterior septal branches Maxillary artery
- 13. Maxillary artery Pharyngeal branch Through the palatovaginal canal Supplies: posterior aspect of the roof of the nasal cavity Sphenoidal sinus Pharyngotympanic tube Artery of pterygoid canal Passes into the pterygoid canal Foramen lacerum Terminates in nasopharynx
- 16. Type: Synovial (hinge and sliding) Articulation: Articular tubercle and the anterior portion of the mandibular fossa above and the head (condyloid process) of the mandible below The articular surfaces are covered by fibrocartilage Articular disc: divides the joint into upper and lower cavities attached to the capsule and tendon of the lateral pterygoid TMJ
- 17. TMJ Capsule: attached above to the articular tubercle and the margins of the mandibular fossa and below to the neck of the mandible. Synovial membrane: lines both compartments of the joint and attached to the margins of the articular disc Ligaments: Lateral ligament Prevents lateral and posterior displacement of the condyle Sphenomandibular ligament Keeps same amount of tension during both opening and closing of the mouth Stylomandibular ligament Limit anterior protrusion of the mandible
- 18. TMJ Nerve supply: Auriculotemporal and masseteric Blood supply: Deep auricular, Anterior tympanic, Superficial temporal Relations: Anteriorly: Mandibular notch, masseteric nerve and artery Posteriorly: external auditory meatus, glenoid process of the parotid gland Laterally: parotid gland, fascia, and skin Medially: maxillary artery and vein and the auriculotemporal nerve