Puad 5340 d 01 module 10 lecture
- 1. Ensuring Social Equity in Public Administration
- 2. 2 Definition of Governance “regimes of laws, administrative rules, judicial rulings, and practices that constrain, prescribe, and enable government activity, where such activity is broadly defined as the production and delivery of publicly supported goods and services” (Lynn, Heinrich, and Hill 2000, 3).
- 3. 3 Governance Core Concepts ▪ Governance identifies the blurring of boundaries and responsibilities for tackling social and economic issues. ▪ Governance identifies the power dependence involved in the relationships between institutions involved in collective action.
- 4. 4 Governance Core Concepts ▪ Governance is about autonomous self-governing networks of actors. (The emergence of self-governing networks raises difficulties over accountability). ▪ Governance recognizes the capacity to get things done which does not rest on the power of government to command or use its authority.
- 5. 5 Governance and Network Theory governance operates on at least three distinct levels: the institutional, the organizational, and the technical. At the institutional level, there are stable formal and informal rules, hierarchies, boundaries, procedures, regime values, and authority. At the organizational, or managerial, level of governance are the hierarchical bureaus, departments, commissions, all the other executive agencies, and various nongovernmental organizations linked to public authority by contract or by other incentives or mandates.
- 6. 6 Governance and Network Theory The technical level of governance represents the task environment, where public policy is carried out at the street level. Issues of professionalism, technical competence, motivation, accountability, and performance are the main interests at the technical level.
- 7. 7 Governance as the New Public Management? Productivity: The reform effort is a serious attempt to assess how governments can do “more with less” by sustaining, or even expanding, public services with lower resource investments Marketization: The reform movement is predicated on government leveraging market mechanisms to overcome the pathologies of traditional bureaucracy. Service orientation: One of the common objects of reforms is to better connect government with citizens and to improve customer satisfaction with public services.
- 8. 8 Governance as the New Public Management? Decentralization: a conscious effort to put those who make policy decisions as close as possible to the people who are going to be affected by those decisions. Policy: The reform movement seeks to improve government’s capacities to create, to implement, and to administer public policy. Accountability: The reform movement is an effort to make government deliver on what it promises.
- 9. 9 Governance vs New Public Management The dominance of networks: Instead of formal policymaking institutions, governance is dominated by an amorphous collection of actors having influence over what and how public goods and services are to be produced. The state’s declining capacity for direct control: Although governments no longer exercise centralized control over public policy, they still have the power to influence it. The power of the state is now tied to its ability to negotiate and bargain with actors in policy networks. The members of these networks are increasingly accepted as equal partners in the policy process.
- 10. 10 Governance vs New Public Management The blending of public and private resources: Public and private actors use each other to obtain resources they cannot access independently. Use of multiple instruments: This means an increasing willingness to develop and employ nontraditional methods of making and implementing public policy.
- 12. Understanding Governance Management 90ies Governance 00ies catch phrases • New Public Management • administration as business • anti-bureaucracy • lean state • civil society • social capital • enabling state • activating state principal problems • state bureaucracy • management • "organized irresponsibility" • society • fragmentation • dependence • exclusion
- 13. Understanding Governance Management 90ies Governance 00ies crucial values • efficiency, value for money • service • customer orientation • quality • social, political and administrative cohesion • participation • civil engagement local level • service • participation
- 14. Understanding Governance Management Governance discipline • institutional economics • managerialism • communitarianism • radical institutionalism focus • single organisation • internal control • performance orientation • privatisation, outsorcing • coordination of public and private actors • combination of different modes of steering and control • network management typical problem • incentives • interdependence • coherence
- 15. Understanding Governance Management Governance prefered solution • decentralization • more independence • contractual management • "let the managers manage" • personal development • new division of labor between state, market and civil society • self-organization • hierarchies, markets and networks central question • "getting prices right" • "getting incentives right" • "appropriate behavior" • "getting institutions right"
Editor's Notes
- #3: This definition implies that governance consists of separate but interrelated elements. These elements include organizational, financial and programmatic structures; statutes and laws; policy mandates; available resources; administrative rules; and institutionalized rules and norms. The definition also implies that governance is inherently political, that it involves bargaining and compromise between actors with different interests, and that it comprises both formal structures and informal influence, either of which may characterize the relationship between formal authority and the actual conduct of government-mandated operations.