![ Phase Five (after 1970) (Pubic Administration as
Pubic Administration)
Focus on dynamics (structure) of Administration
Consider as inter-disciplinary (two or more fields of
study).
New trends:
1) Comparative Administration 2) Development
Administration 3) Market Orientation [identifying
and meeting the stated or
hidden needs or wants of customers].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/publicadninistrationchapter2-150521123445-lva1-app6892/85/Public-adninistration-7-320.jpg)
Public adninistration
- 1. Public Administration Stages of Public Administration Comparative Public Administration (CPA) Arslan Ahmad MPA help Desk
- 2. PA Changing Nature Period I (1887 – 1926) Public Administration Dichotomy : The credit for initiating as an academic study of Public Administration goes to Woodrow Wilson. He is regarded as the father of the discipline of Public Administration. “The Study of Administration”, published in 1887 by Woodrow Wilson. Administration as a discipline apart from politics. This is known as Principle of politic administration dichotomy.
- 3. “Politics And Administration” published in 1900 by Frank J.Goodnow. According to Frank J.Goodnow, politics “has to do with the expression of the state will” while administration “has to do with the execution of these policies.” Period II (1927 - 1937) Principles of Administration : 1. Principles of Organization by Mooney and Reiley (1939) 2. Papers on the Science of Administration by Gulick and Urwick (1937) 3. Onward Industry by Mooney and Reiley (1931) 4. Creative Experience by M.P. Follet (1924) 5. Industrial and General Management by Henri Fayol (1916) 6. Principles of Public Administration by W.F. Willoughby (1916)
- 4. During this stage more focus was put on the efficiency aspect Huge amount of contribution was done to the discipline of Public Administration from scholars of diverse fields such as Engineering, Industry and Organization. second stage of Public Administration was the Golden Period Get the status of separate subject All theories and principle were in great demand both in government and business.
- 5. Period III (1938 – 1947) Era of Challenge : The idea of administrative dichotomy was rejected. It was argued that Administration cannot be separated from politics because its political nature and role. Robert Dahl published his article’ The Science of Administration: Three Problems’ in 1947. 1) It is not possible to have value free scientific principles of administration having universal applications. 2) Administration is carried out in human organizations having human beings who have differing personalities. It is, therefore, difficult to find principles which can be applicable to all administrative situations. The environment or social framework of administration differs from country to country and in the same country from organization to organization. It is, therefore, not possible to devise universal principles of administration applicable to all such situations.
- 6. Period IV (1948 - 1970) Public Administration As Management: Pfiffner stated that politics and administration are mixed and difficult to define. In 1968, Waldo Sponsored a conference of young Public Administrators , the proceedings of which were published in 1971 as a book entitled ‘The New Public Administration.”
- 7. Phase Five (after 1970) (Pubic Administration as Pubic Administration) Focus on dynamics (structure) of Administration Consider as inter-disciplinary (two or more fields of study). New trends: 1) Comparative Administration 2) Development Administration 3) Market Orientation [identifying and meeting the stated or hidden needs or wants of customers].
- 8. Comparative Public Administration (CPA) Comparative public administration is defined as the study of administrative systems in a comparative fashion or the study of public administration in other countries. CPA is the comparative study of institutions, process, and behaviors in many context. Context (or environment in comparative analysis generally refers to all external influences that affect management, such as societal values, norms, religion, political culture, and economy)
- 9. Fred Riggs ( Father of CPA) Published an article in 1962 (trends in Comparative study of Public Administration) Forced on the need of politico-administrative institutions (اداروں انتظامی و )سیاسی To understand impact of CPA is necessary. CPA consists of three levels Macro • Studies Middle Range • Studies Micro • Studies
- 10. Macro Studies: Comparison of whole Administrative system. Example: Comparison b/w Democracy system of India and Pakistan Middle Range Studies: Comparison b/w the specific aspect of administrative system Examples: Judicial system to judicial system, Police system to police system. Micro Studies: Comparison b/w some activities of the organization. Example: Recruitment, Training, staffing, planning.