The document defines two classes, 'link' and 'linklist', used to implement a linked list data structure. The 'link' class encapsulates data items and references to the next 'link', while the 'linklist' class manages the links, enabling insertion at the beginning and searching for links by key. Key methods in the 'linklist' class include 'insertfirst' to add new elements and 'find' to retrieve elements based on a specific key.