Public policy
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This document defines public policy and discusses its key subfields. Public policy is defined as a government's actions or inactions in response to public problems. There is no single agreed-upon definition, but generally it refers to the choices governments make and the outcomes of those decisions, backed by state authority. The main subfields of public policy are policy analysis, policy evaluation, and policy process. Policy analysis focuses on determining the best policy options, policy evaluation examines the consequences of policies, and policy process studies how and why policies are made.
Public policy
- 2. OBJECTIVE • To learn the definition and meaning of public policy • To learn the subfields of public policy. ANTHONY DUENAS MPA STUDENT
- 3. WE DEFINE PUBLIC AS • concerning the people as a whole. • accessible to or shared by all members of the community • relating to a government • relating to, or being in the service of the community or nation • relating to people in general
- 4. WE DEFINE POLICY AS • a course of action adopted and pursued by a government, ruler, political party • a document embodying a contract of insurance • a principle to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes • a statement of intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol.
- 5. WE DEFINE PUBLIC POLICY AS
- 6. KRAFT AND FURLONG “A COURSE OF GOVERNMENT ACTION OR INACTION IN RESPONSE TO A PUBLIC PROBLEMS” Scott R. Furlong
- 7. DYE 1987 “whatever governments choose to do or not to do”
- 8. Eyestone 1971 • “the relationship of governmental unit to its • environment”
- 9. James Anderson 1994 “purposive course of action or inaction undertaken by an actor or set of actors in dealing witha problem or matter of concern”
- 10. WILSON 2006 “The actions, objectives, and pronouncements of governments on particular matters, the steps they take (or fail to take) to implement them, and the explanations they give for what happen(or does not happen)”
- 11. IS THERE A EXACT DEFINITION? The bottom line is that there is no precise and universal definition of public policy, nor is it likely that such a definition will be conceived in the foreseeable future. Instead, there is general agreement that public policy includes the process of making choices and the outcomes or actions of particular decisions; that what makes public policy “public” is that these choices or actions are backed by the coercive powers of the state; and that at its core, public policy is a response to a perceived problem (Birkland 2001).
- 12. SUBFIELDS OF PUBLIC POLICY POLICY ANALYSIS POLICY EVALUATION POLICY PROCESS CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 1 2 3
- 13. POLICY PROCESS • Research is focused on the how and why of policymaking. • Those who study policy process are interested in finding out why governments pay attention to some problems and not others (agenda setting), why policy changes or remains stable across time, and where policy comes from.
- 14. POLICY EVALUATION • “The consequences of what governments do and say” (Dubnick and Bardes 1983) • The fundamental question in policy evaluation is empirical: what have we done?
- 15. POLICY ANALYSIS • Policy analysis focuses on ex ante questions. The most fundamental of these is: what should we do? • To determine the best policy for public authorities to adopt to address a give problem or issue of concern. • The challenge in policy analysis judgment between effective and efficient
- 16. Difference of Policy and Law
- 17. Policy • Policies are only documents • A policy is that which outlines what a government is going to do and not to do • Policies can be called a set of rules that guide any government or any organization. • Policies are objectives that an organization or a government sets for itself to achieve in a given period of time
- 18. Law • Laws are the tools that help a government achieve there objectives • Laws are the standard rules and regulations that are compulsory and to be followed by all the people of the country • Laws are set of principles that guide people’s actions in various situations of life
- 19. References Public policy theory primer by Kevin B. Smith and Christopher W. Larimer Wikipedia.com