Publishing as a Public Intellectual
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This document discusses publishing as a public intellectual. It begins by outlining where public intellectuals typically publish, such as in scholarly journals, magazines, newspapers and books. It then focuses on scholarly journals. It notes that the traditional scholarly publishing system is problematic as it locks content behind paywalls and is controlled by publishers rather than authors. It encourages researchers to understand and exercise their rights over the content they author to make it more openly accessible. It provides tips on identifying publishing options and rights.
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Publishing as a Public Intellectual
- 1. Writing As a Public Intellectual Jill Cirasella Associate Librarian for Public Services and Scholarly Communication The Graduate Center, CUNY jcirasella@gc.cuny.edu @jillasella Slides: http://bit.ly/writepubintel
- 2. Publishing As a Public Intellectual Jill Cirasella Associate Librarian for Public Services and Scholarly Communication The Graduate Center, CUNY jcirasella@gc.cuny.edu @jillasella
- 3. Where Do Public Intellectuals Publish? Lots of venues! scholarly journals magazines newspapers books
- 4. Where Do Public Intellectuals Publish? Today’s focus: scholarly journals magazines newspapers books What’s the difference? Whether or not author gets paid.
- 5. Unfortunately… The traditional system of scholarly publishing is a suboptimal system of communication: • Locked behind paywalls • Controlled by publishers, not authors • Inaccessible to most researchers & readers …and exploitative too!
- 8. Don’t Take My Word for It! “Publishing obscure academic journals is that rare thing in the media industry: a licence to print money.” Source: “Open sesame: Academic publishing.” The Economist 14 Apr. 2012. http://www.economist.com/node/21552574
- 10. An Ethical Issue, Too! “If you are a scientist, your job is to bring new knowledge into the world. And if you bring new knowledge into the world, it’s immoral to hide it. I heartily wish I’d never done it, and I won’t do it again.” — Mike Taylor, University of Bristol Source: “Hiding your research behind a paywall is immoral.” The Guardian 17 Jan. 2013. https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2013/jan/17/open-access-publishing-science-paywall-immoral
- 11. Solution: In Your Hands! Researchers can put the “public” back in publication! How? Understanding, retaining, and exercising your rights to the articles you author.
- 13. Yes, many subscription-based scholarly journals require authors to sign away their rights to their own articles. JAMA’s copyright transfer agreement: Source: http://bit.ly/jamaagreement
- 14. No, authors don’t always fully read and understand what they’re required to sign. Wiley’s copyright transfer agreement: Source:http://bit.ly/wiley_copyright
- 15. “All Copyright Ownership” Copyright Owners Have Five Exclusive Rights 1. Right to reproduce the work 2. Right to prepare derivative works based on the work 3. Right to distribute copies of the work 4. Right to perform the work 5. Right to display the work
- 16. Do authors WANT to give up all of their rights to their work?
- 17. Do authors HAVE to give up all of their rights to their work?
- 18. Two Kinds of Journals: #1 Toll Access Journals Traditional subscription-based journals. Many also sell individual articles. Most toll access journals require authors to transfer copyright to the journal.
- 19. Two Kinds of Journals: #2 Open Access Journals (“Gold OA”) Journals that automatically and immediately make their articles available online to all at no cost. Most gold OA journals do not take copyright. They usually use Creative Commons licenses instead.
- 20. Another Journal Flavor Journals that Let Authors Share (“Green OA”) Journals (toll access or open access) that allow authors to post (“self-archive”) their articles in OA repositories. Most “green” toll access journals do take copyright, but they “give back” some rights to the author.
- 21. Is Self-Archiving Allowed? Ugh… Source: http://bit.ly/wiley_copyright
- 22. Is Self-Archiving Allowed? Easier! SHERPA/RoMEO http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/ Search by journal/publisher to learn its copyright and self-archiving policies
- 23. Very Good...
- 24. Quite Good...
- 25. Not Great...
- 26. Very Bad...
- 27. Prevalence of Permission? As of April 2017, SHERPA/RoMEO covers 2361 publishers. 80% allow some form of self-archiving. Source: http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/statistics.php
- 28. Suppose you have the right to self-archive your article. Where can you self-archive? Where should you self-archive?
- 29. Where to Self-Archive? Institutional Repositories An institutional repository (IR) is an online database offered by an institution to collect, preserve, and share scholarly and creative works created by that institution’s community.
- 30. Where to Self-Archive? ForestWorks: Scholarship at Drew http://works.drew.edu/
- 31. Where Else to Self-Archive? Subject Repositories Directory of Open Access Repositories http://www.opendoar.org/ Note: Not every field has a subject repository.
- 32. Where Else to Self-Archive? Commercial Sites ResearchGate.net and Academia.edu encourage users to upload their works, but many publishers forbid uploading to for-profit sites, and sometimes issue takedown notices. How do these profit? Selling users’ data! What is their future? Totally unclear! Personal Websites A good step in the direction of green OA, but not permanent, not findable via Google Scholar and library search tools, and therefore not the best option! Read more! http://www.plannedobsolescence.net/academia-not-edu/
- 33. Beyond SHERPA/RoMEO Publisher’s Contract Read before agreeing! SHERPA/RoMEO Great for researching journals
- 34. Reading the Contract 1. Does it ask for a copyright transfer or a license? 2. If © transfer: does it give any rights back to you? 3. If license: exclusive or non-exclusive? 4. If license: all five rights of copyright, or just some? 5. Does it call your work a “work for hire”? (See Credits slide.)
- 35. Reading the Contract 1. Does it ask for a copyright transfer or a license? 2. If © transfer: does it give any rights back to you? 3. If license: exclusive or non-exclusive? 4. If license: all five rights of copyright, or just some? 5. Does it call your work a “work for hire”? (See Credits slide.)
- 36. Can I Negotiate My Contract? Sometimes. And there are tools to help! SPARC Author Addendum http://bit.ly/sparcaddendum Scholar’s Copyright Addendum Engine: http://scholars.sciencecommons.org/ CIC Addendum: http://bit.ly/cicaddendum
- 37. Can I Ask After the Fact? Yes! It sometimes works! Dear Publisher, I am writing to ask permission to mount a copy of an article of mine, which was published in one of your journals, in the City University of New York’s research repository, CUNY Academic Works… If possible, I would like post the final, journal-branded PDF version. The PDF version is preferable to my manuscript version because it maintains consistency in appearance of the article wherever it is read and more closely associates the article with the journal…
- 38. Creative Commons Licenses Most OA publishers use Creative Commons (CC) licenses, which grant the public permission to use the work in more ways than traditional copyright allows. CC licenses also grant you more rights than you’d have after signing a traditional copyright transfer agreement! More info: https://creativecommons.org/
- 39. Using CC Licenses Most publishers limit your copyright/licensing options. But you create more than just books and journal articles! And you can choose how to license many of your works: posters slideshows conference papers open educational resources reports / working papers blog posts etc.
- 40. Coda: Gold OA Mythbusting Reminder: “Gold OA” means publishing with publishers that automatically and immediately make the work available online to all at no cost — i.e., journals that are “born” open access.
- 41. Respectability of OA Journals? OA = anyone can read the journal OA ≠ anyone can publish in the journal OA journals are real journals. Publishing in an OA journal is not self-publishing or vanity publishing! OA journals earn respectability the same way other journals do: through the quality of their articles and the prominence of the people they attract as authors, editors, and peer reviewers. A journal’s quality is independent of its openness. Some non-OA journals are better and more rigorously peer reviewed than others. Likewise, some OA journals are better and more rigorously peer reviewed than others.
- 42. Business Models If OA journals are free to read, how do they cover costs? There are many business models for OA journals, including: • Volunteers & institutional subsidies • Advertising • Fees for print or premium editions • Endowments & donations • Article publication charges (APCs) • Institutional memberships • A combination of the above Source: http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/OA_journal_business_models
- 43. Publication Charges?! Some OA journals have article processing charges (APCs). (Some subscription-based journals charge fees too!) But most OA journals do not charge APCs. Ideally, APCs are not paid from researchers’ pockets: Some institutions pay APCs for their employees. Grants can be used to pay APCs. Some journals waive APCs.
- 44. APCs ≠ Vanity Publishing Some people worry: Are APCs tantamount to vanity publishing? NO! At reputable and honest journals, APCs have no bearing whatsoever on whether an article is accepted.
- 45. What about Disreputable Journals? “Predatory” Open Access Publishers unscrupulous, unserious, spamming Heard about lists? Forget the lists. Think critically about journals! Evaluate journals you’re reading. Evaluate journals you’re thinking about submitting to. Remember: Low-quality journals are not unique to OA publishing! Think critically about all journals!
- 46. Think Critically Think. Check. Submit. http://thinkchecksubmit.org/ Also: Open Access Journal Quality Indicators http://bit.ly/OAindicators
- 47. Think Critically about All Journals! Think. Check. Submit. http://thinkchecksubmit.org/ Also: Open Access Journal Quality Indicators http://bit.ly/OAindicators
- 48. “Pre-Approved” OA Journals Directory of Open Access Journals http://www.doaj.org Browse or search 9,000+ open access journals that have been vetted for quality. Most do not charge APCs.
- 49. Be Skeptical of Solicitations! An actual article accepted by the International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology! (An irritated researcher submitted it after being repeatedly spammed by the journal.) The “peer reviewer” called it “excellent”! Read more.
- 50. Speaking of Predation… Remember this?
- 51. Speaking of Predation… And this?
- 52. Speaking of Predation… And this? Source: http://wp.me/ph4jF-km
- 53. And Then Ask Yourself… Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/liquidsunshine49/4747655198/
- 54. Advice to Authors 1. Research any journal/publisher you’re considering. (Quality? Peer reviewing process? Copyright policy?) 2. If you have the right to self-archive, exercise that right. 3. If you don’t have the right to self-archive, request it. 4. Choose the best publishing venue for you and your career . . . 5. . . . but also think about the system you’re contributing to and the system you want to contribute to. Know your rights to what you write!
- 55. More Advice… Get to know your librarian!
- 56. Final Bit of Advice… Boost your online scholarly profile: Claim your Google Scholar Profile
- 60. Free Next Tuesday? Your Google Scholar Profile: Why to Create It and How to Fine-Tune It Tuesday, May 2 @ 6:30–8:00pm CUNY Graduate Center 5th Ave. & 34th St. Let me know if you’d like to come!
- 61. Credits This slideshow is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Specific graphics may have different licenses. “What Is the Problem?” graphic, content by Jill Cirasella / graphic design by Les LaRue, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License Slides 26 & 27 adapted from Slide 28 in: Wacha, Megan. "Publish, Don't Perish: Authors' Rights When Author's Write." Accessed at http://bit.ly/2dNAsG2, and made available under a CC BY-NC license. Shark photo by liquidsunshine49, and made available under a CC BY-NC license. https://www.flickr.com/photos/liquidsunshine49/4747655198/
- 62. Questions? Let’s chat! Jill Cirasella Associate Librarian for Public Services and Scholarly Communication The Graduate Center, CUNY jcirasella@gc.cuny.edu @jillasella