Understanding Open Access and Recent Developments Around the World
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The document discusses open access (OA) as a model for free online access to scientific information, addressing issues in scholarly communication and offering participation guidance for researchers. It contrasts two primary routes of OA—gold and green—and highlights the importance of compliance with mandates and the benefits of OA, while also addressing concerns about predatory publishing and global access disparities. Recent trends indicate a shift towards OA models, especially in response to negotiations between publishers and academics regarding access to journals.
![Libraries
Universities & Institutions
Scholars
Free
Provide access
OPEN
ACCESS
ARCHIVES
GREEN ROUTE
Articles freely
available in
repositories –
discoverable on
the Internet
Inelastic supply
Increase disciplines & therefore titles –small base
Profiteering?
DUE TO :
SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION CRISIS OPEN ACCESS
Articles freely
available in peer
review OA
journals
OPEN
ACCESS
JOURNALS
GOLD ROUTE
Publishers
Sign over copyright
Peer review
FC Choy (2015). Why is Open Access
important to researchers? [PowerPoint
Slides]. Presented at Academic Publishing
2015, NTU Libraries, Singapore.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/punepresentationunderstandingoafinal-181211082826/85/Understanding-Open-Access-and-Recent-Developments-Around-the-World-5-320.jpg)
Understanding Open Access and Recent Developments Around the World
- 1. Understanding Open Access and Recent Developments Around the World Open Access Workshop August 11, 2018 FLAME University, Pune By Leena Shah, Managing Editor & Ambassdor, DOAJ leena@doaj.org 1
- 2. Overview • What is Open Access? • What problem in Scholarly Communication is OA trying to address? • How do you participate in OA? • Why should you participate in OA? • What are the typical concerns about OA? • Recent trends in OA – how does this impact us in the Global South? • Popular OA resources and search tools 2
- 3. • Open Access is the practice of providing on-line access to scientific information that is free of charge to the reader and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.1&2 • OA is a kind of access, not a kind of business model, license, or content.2 1 https://openaccess.mpg.de/2076881/2014_05-h2020-factsheet-open-access-faq.pdf 2 http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm What is Open Access?
- 4. 4 For a work to be OA, the copyright holder must consent in advance to let users “copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship” (Bethesda, Berlin statements) Remove access & price barriers Remove permission barriers Open Access Definition
- 5. Libraries Universities & Institutions Scholars Free Provide access OPEN ACCESS ARCHIVES GREEN ROUTE Articles freely available in repositories – discoverable on the Internet Inelastic supply Increase disciplines & therefore titles –small base Profiteering? DUE TO : SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION CRISIS OPEN ACCESS Articles freely available in peer review OA journals OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS GOLD ROUTE Publishers Sign over copyright Peer review FC Choy (2015). Why is Open Access important to researchers? [PowerPoint Slides]. Presented at Academic Publishing 2015, NTU Libraries, Singapore.
- 6. How do you participate in OA as a researcher? GOLD ROUTE GREEN ROUTE
- 7. GOLD ROUTE Identify a reputable OA journal1 Send your paper for peer review 2 When paper is accepted – you may pay an “article processing charge” (APC) to publisher 3 Your paper is published in the OA journal 4
- 8. Use DOAJ to look for OA journals 11,900 journals 130 countries 3 m articles Full-text OA journals Identify a reputable OA journal 1 Send your paper for peer review 2 When paper is accepted – you may pay an “article processing charge” (APC) to publisher 3 Your paper is published in the OA journal 4 GOLD ROUTE
- 9. Submit paper to selected journal as per normal 1 When paper is accepted – submit final peer-reviewed copy to an open repository (e.g. institutional Repository such as ePrints@IISc) 2 Metadata of record will be picked up by Google 3 GREEN ROUTE 4 Anyone can find your article via Google
- 10. Submit paper to selected journal as per normal 1 When paper is accepted – submit final peer- reviewed copy to an open repository (e.g. institutional Repository such as ePrints@IISc) 2 Metadata of record will be picked up by Google 3 GREEN ROUTE 4 Anyone can find your article via Google Self-archiving http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/ Publishers typically allow with embargo period – 6 months to 2 years Most publishers only allow “accepted version” and not the journal formatted version to be archived in repository Accepted version is your final manuscript after peer review. Most publishers allow this version to be made available via your institutional repository. Do not lose it!
- 11. Green Vs Gold OA Green OA: • May not be available immediately due to publisher embargoes • It is free, a cost-effective solution • Complexity of Green OA – when, where and what version of a paper can be made OA has led to it being ignored by researchers. Gold OA: • May involve an Article Processing Charge (APC) for the author • Immediately available with re-use rights ( Creative Commons License) • DOAJ indexes only Gold OA journals
- 12. A common misunderstanding is that all OA journals use an ‘author pay’ business model. Gold OA Journals 8709 3148 68 APC information about OA Journals Indexed in DOAJ No Yes No info 163 75 APC information about Indian OA Journals Indexed in DOAJ No Yes
- 13. Diamond OA: • Journals do not charge publication fees nor access charges • Similar to Gold OA with the article going through peer review Other OA models Bronze OA: • Unlicensed papers, free to read Hybrid OA: • Provide OA to specific articles in an otherwise subscription journal • Double Dipping – second income stream • DOAJ does not index hybrid OA journals
- 14. Benefits of participating in OA
- 15. 15 Compliance with Mandates National Institute of Health (2007) mandate First mandate from major US funding agency - Deposit to PUBMED Central - 12 months embargo - 75% compliance (2012, Poynder) DBT & DST OA Policy, India (2014) Accepts Green route Research Council UK (RCUK)(2012) Accept both Gold and Green routes – 6 months embargo European Commission From 2014, requires deposit in IR upon publication. 6 months embargo in STEM and 12 months for humanities & social sciences Large foundations – Gates, Ford, Packard, Open Society, etc. Requires grantees to publish their work under CC BY license – allow use, reuse, remixing, etc.
- 16. Concerns about Open Access
- 17. OA journals indexed in WoS & Scopus are approaching same impact & quality as subscription journals (Bjork & Solomon, 2012) Scientific Impact of OA journals vs Subscription journals
- 18. Average Citations per paper over a three-year window (2015-17) for top 20 largest publishers in 2017 in SCImago (2018) split into subscription journals (gray) and OA journals (red). Reference: https://blog.frontiersin.org/2018/07/11/scientific-excellence-at-scale-open-access-journals-have-a- clear-citation-advantage-over-subscription-journals/ OA journals have a citation advantage over Subscription journals (source: blog.frontiersin.org) Across the last three years, OA journals receive on average 7% more citations than subscriptio n journals (Mirjam Curno & Stephanie Oeben)
- 20. Questionable Publishers “Sting operation” by John Bohannon (Science News) - Variation of a bogus paper submitted to 304 OA journals - Half of the OA journals accepted the paper QUESTIONABLE (or PREDATORY) PUBLISHERS The practice of charging APC in Gold OA encouraged some unscrupulous publishers to exploit researchers eager to publish quickly RETORT: Is it about OA or peer review; No control group Warning signs: promise of quick turnaround with peer review; falsifying credentials; using unsolicited mail, etc. Consult your librarian!.
- 21. Recent Events and Trends
- 22. Growing interest in Europe & US in engineering a global ‘flip’ of legacy subscription journals to a ‘pay- to-publish’ OA model. 1 • If paywalls are replaced by publication walls – Impact on researchers from the Global South? • Elsevier also raised a discussion about adopting a ‘region- specific’ OA for e.g. European articles made available as gold OA in Europe and ‘Green’ OA outside of Europe. 2 1 https://poynder.blogspot.com/2018/04/north-south-and-open-access-view-from_24.html 2 https://www.elsevier.com/connect/working-towards-a-transition-to-open-access Pay-to-Publish OA
- 23. • July 2018 – Researchers in Germany lost access to recent articles from Elsevier following a breakdown in negotiations between Projekt Deal (German consortium) and Elsevier • May-July 2018 - Researchers in Sweden lost access to new articles in Elsevier’s journals following a breakdown in negotiations between the Bibsam Consortium in Sweden and Elsevier • Mar 2018 – Couperin.org, the French consortium cancelled subscriptions to Springer Nature journals. Discussions continue.. • Mar 2018 – Dutch consortium VSNU announced “that Dutch universities and Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing have been unable to reach a new agreement on access to scientific journals” Pulling out of Publishing Deals
- 24. • Current system favours circulation of knowledge present in English language publications • Underrepresentation of indigenous knowledge from Global South • Open Access is often seen as a way to promote equity in knowledge, but it also bears the hidden risk of serving continued global dominance of the Northern science system maintaining the invisibility of African science, seldom digitized or in open access (Piron 2017). Cognitive Injustice in Global South
- 25. What is a Preprint? Author’s original manuscript before peer review and before it is formally published in a journal. It is freely available on preprint servers. Preprint Servers Preprint Servers: By discipline: arXiv, bioRxiv, SocArXiv, EarthArXiv, PsyArXiv, AgriXiv, ChemArxiv, PaleorXiv India : indiarxiv Indonesia: INArxiv Arabic: ArabiXiv France: FrenXiv China: ChinaXiv List is not exhaustive….
- 26. Open Access Resources for researchers and students
- 27. Directories – OA and Free Journals • DOAJ (Directory of OA journals) https://doaj.org/ • OpenDOAR (Directory of OA Repositories) www.opendoar.org • DOAB (Directory of OA books) https://www.doabooks.org/ Disciplinary Archives • arXiv https://arxiv.org/ • SSRN https://ssrn.com/en/ • bioRxiv https://www.biorxiv.org/ • ChemRxiv https://chemrxiv.org Publishers & distributors • BioMed Central http://www.biomedcentral.com/ • Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://www.plos.org/ • PubMed Central (PMC) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ • SciELO http://www.scielo.org/php/index.php?lang=en • Wiley OA journals https://authorservices.wiley.com/open- science/open-access/index.html • HighWire Press http://www.highwire.org/lists/freeart.dtl • PeerJ https://peerj.com/ • SAGE Open http://sgo.sagepub.com/ Databases and networks • ScienceOpen https://www.scienceopen.com/ • Digital Commons Network http://network.bepress.com/ • PKP Index http://index.pkp.sfu.ca/ Free E-book on OA • The Open Revolution: rewriting the rules of the information age https://openrevolution.net/ • Jhangiani, R S and Biswas-Diener, R 2017 Open: The Philosophy and Practices that are Revolutionizing Education and Science. London: Ubiquity Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbc. License: CC-BY 4.0 OA Resources
- 28. • Unpaywall (Impactstory) https://unpaywall.org/ Harvests OA content from open repositories run by universities, governments, open content hosted by publishers and scholarly societies • OAJF (Enago) https://www.enago.com/academy/journal-finder/ Open Access Journal Finder • 1findr (1science) https://1findr.1science.com/home Analytics and discovery platform. Aims to find all peer reviewed articles - green, gold and hybrid OA articles. A paid-for service with a free version OA Search Tools
- 29. https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2018/06/26/will-europe-lead-open-access/?informz=1 https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2018/06/23/some-science-journals- that-claim-to-peer-review-papers-do-not-do-so https://www.couperin.org/breves/1333-couperin-ne-renouvelle-pas-l-accord-national- passe-avec-springer What’s new in OA? https://unlockingresearch-blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=2011 https://poynder.blogspot.com/2018/01/preface-open-divide.html https://poynder.blogspot.dk/2018/04/north-south-and-open-access-view-from_24.html https://poynder.blogspot.com/2018/05/six-questions-about-openness-in-science.html https://trianglesci.org/2018/07/02/creating-global-cognitive-justice/ https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05359-8 https://1science.com/1findr_public_launch/ https://openscience.com/green-oa-vs-gold-oa-which-one-to-choose/ https://researchpreprints.com/preprintlist/ References
- 30. DOAJ Gold Sponsor: Thank you Special thanks to all the Libraries, Library Consortia, Universities and Publishers, and to our Sponsors for their financial support. 30