Pure and Declarative Syntax Definition: Paradise Lost and Regained
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The document discusses various concepts surrounding grammar classes, syntax definitions, and parsing methods within programming languages, illustrating the evolution and challenges in language construction. It features references to numerous grammar types such as context-free grammars and emphasizes themes such as disambiguation, tree construction, and lexical syntax. Additionally, it presents different parsing techniques and highlights the beauty and complexity of designing programming languages.
![text books
precedence operators associativity
1 ( ), [ ] non-associative
2 new non-associative
3 . left-associative
4 ++, -- non-associative
5 -, +, !, ~, ++, --, (type) right-associative
6 *, /, % left-associative
7 +, - left-associative
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y :](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onwardwhite-101022194342-phpapp01/85/Pure-and-Declarative-Syntax-Definition-Paradise-Lost-and-Regained-127-320.jpg)
![array [ ..1 10 ] integerof
x = *1. .10
y :](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onwardwhite-101022194342-phpapp01/85/Pure-and-Declarative-Syntax-Definition-Paradise-Lost-and-Regained-128-320.jpg)
![array [ 1. .10 ] integerof
x = *1. .10
y :](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onwardwhite-101022194342-phpapp01/85/Pure-and-Declarative-Syntax-Definition-Paradise-Lost-and-Regained-129-320.jpg)
![text books
precedence operators associativity
1 ( ), [ ] non-associative
2 new non-associative
3 . left-associative
4 ++, -- non-associative
5 -, +, !, ~, ++, --, (type) right-associative
6 *, /, % left-associative
7 +, - left-associative
… … …](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onwardwhite-101022194342-phpapp01/85/Pure-and-Declarative-Syntax-Definition-Paradise-Lost-and-Regained-159-320.jpg)
![lexical syntax
[0-9]+ -> NUM
[ tn] -> LAYOUT
"//" ~[n]* [n] -> LAYOUT](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onwardwhite-101022194342-phpapp01/85/Pure-and-Declarative-Syntax-Definition-Paradise-Lost-and-Regained-164-320.jpg)
Pure and Declarative Syntax Definition: Paradise Lost and Regained
- 1. Pure and Declarative Syntax Definition: Paradise Lost and Regained Lennart Kats Eelco Visser Guido Wachsmuth Delft University of Technology
- 3. PARADISE
- 7. PARADISE
- 8. WORDS
- 9. TREES
- 10. GRAMMARS
- 12. LANGUAGES
- 13. GRAMMARS
- 14. NATURAL
- 15. PURE
- 16. BEAUTIFUL
- 19. NATURAL NOT
- 20. PURE NOT
- 21. BEAUTIFUL NOT
- 23. NATURAL
- 24. PURE
- 25. BEAUTIFUL
- 26. THE FALL
- 28. PARADISE LOST
- 29. PAIN
- 30. SWEAT
- 31. NATURAL NOT
- 32. PURE NOT
- 33. BEAUTIFUL NOT
- 34. THE PLAGUES
- 36. DISAMBIGUATION
- 37. LEXICAL SYNTAX
- 39. EVOLUTION
- 40. COMPOSITION
- 43. PARADISE
- 45. GRAMMARS
- 46. Num ➝ Digit Num Num ➝ Digit Digit ➝ “0” Digit ➝ “1”
- 47. Num ➝ Digit Num Num ➝ Digit Digit ➝ “0” Digit ➝ “1” production rules
- 48. Num ➝ Digit Num Num ➝ Digit Digit ➝ “0” Digit ➝ “1” terminal symbols production rules
- 49. Num ➝ Digit Num Num ➝ Digit Digit ➝ “0” Digit ➝ “1” nonterminal symbols terminal symbols production rules
- 50. Num ➝ Digit Num Num ➝ Digit Digit ➝ “0” Digit ➝ “1” nonterminal symbols terminal symbols production rules start symbol
- 51. WORDS
- 52. Num
- 53. Num Digit Num Num ➝ Digit Num
- 54. Num Digit Num Digit Digit Num ➝ Digit Num Num ➝ Digit
- 55. Num Digit Num Digit Digit Digit 0 Num ➝ Digit Num Num ➝ Digit Digit ➝ “0”
- 56. Num Digit Num Digit Digit Digit 0 1 0 Num ➝ Digit Num Num ➝ Digit Digit ➝ “0” Digit ➝ “1”
- 57. SENTENCES
- 58. Exp ➝ Exp “+” Exp Exp ➝ Exp “*” Exp Exp ➝ Num production rules
- 59. Exp ➝ Exp “+” Exp Exp ➝ Exp “*” Exp Exp ➝ Num terminal symbols production rules
- 60. Exp ➝ Exp “+” Exp Exp ➝ Exp “*” Exp Exp ➝ Num nonterminal symbols terminal symbols production rules
- 61. Exp ➝ Exp “+” Exp Exp ➝ Exp “*” Exp Exp ➝ Num nonterminal symbols terminal symbols production rules start symbol
- 62. Exp
- 63. Exp Exp + Exp Exp ➝ Exp “+” Exp
- 64. Exp Exp + Exp Exp * Exp + Exp Exp ➝ Exp “+” Exp Exp ➝ Exp “*” Exp
- 65. Exp Exp + Exp Exp * Exp + Exp 3 * Exp + Exp Exp ➝ Exp “+” Exp Exp ➝ Exp “*” Exp Exp ➝ Num
- 66. Exp Exp + Exp Exp * Exp + Exp 3 * Exp + Exp 3 * 7 + Exp Exp ➝ Exp “+” Exp Exp ➝ Exp “*” Exp Exp ➝ Num Exp ➝ Num
- 67. Exp Exp + Exp Exp * Exp + Exp 3 * Exp + Exp 3 * 7 + Exp 3 * 7 + 21 Exp ➝ Exp “+” Exp Exp ➝ Exp “*” Exp Exp ➝ Num Exp ➝ Num Exp ➝ Num
- 68. THEY MADE LANGUAGES BY MAKING GRAMMARS
- 69. GRAMMAR
- 70. LANGUAGE
- 71. TRUTH
- 72. Exp ➝ Exp “+” Exp Exp ➝ Exp “*” Exp Exp ➝ Num Exp “+” Exp ➝ Exp Exp “*” Exp ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp productive reductive
- 73. 3 * 7 + 21
- 74. 3 * 7 + 21 3 * 7 + Exp Num ➝ Exp
- 75. 3 * 7 + 21 3 * 7 + Exp 3 * Exp + Exp Num ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp
- 76. 3 * 7 + 21 3 * 7 + Exp 3 * Exp + Exp Exp * Exp + Exp Num ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp
- 77. 3 * 7 + 21 3 * 7 + Exp 3 * Exp + Exp Exp * Exp + Exp Exp + Exp Num ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp Exp “*” Exp ➝ Exp
- 78. 3 * 7 + 21 3 * 7 + Exp 3 * Exp + Exp Exp * Exp + Exp Exp + Exp Exp Num ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp Exp “*” Exp ➝ Exp Exp “+” Exp ➝ Exp
- 80. SENTENCES
- 81. STRUCTURE
- 82. Exp ➝ Exp “+” Exp Exp ➝ Exp “*” Exp Exp ➝ Num Exp “+” Exp ➝ Exp Exp “*” Exp ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp productive reductive
- 83. Exp Num Exp +Exp Exp Exp *Exp Exp tree construction
- 84. 3 * +7 21
- 85. Exp Exp 3 * +7 21 Exp Exp Num
- 86. Exp Exp Exp 3 * +7 21 Exp Exp +Exp Exp Exp *Exp Exp
- 87. Exp Exp Exp 3 * +7 21 Exp Exp Exp +Exp Exp
- 88. ONE FORMALISM
- 89. THREE READINGS
- 90. PURE
- 91. DECLARATIVE
- 92. BEAUTIFUL
- 93. PARADISE LOST
- 94. EFFICIENCY
- 95. THE FIRST PLAGUE WERE GRAMMAR CLASSES
- 105. Exp “+” Exp ➝ Exp Exp “*” Exp ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp Term (“+” Term)* ➝ Exp Fact (“*” Fact)* ➝Term Num ➝ Fact paradise grammar classes
- 106. Exp Exp Exp 3 + +7 21 Exp Exp paradise grammar classes Fact Fact 3 + +7 21 Fact * Exp Term Term Term *
- 107. THE SECOND PLAGUE WAS DISAMBIGUATION
- 108. Exp Exp Exp 3 * +7 21 Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp 3 * +7 21 Exp Exp
- 109. text books precedence operators associativity 1 ( ), [ ] non-associative 2 new non-associative 3 . left-associative 4 ++, -- non-associative 5 -, +, !, ~, ++, --, (type) right-associative 6 *, /, % left-associative 7 +, - left-associative … … …
- 112. Exp “+” Term ➝ Exp Term ➝ Exp Term “*” Fact ➝Term Fact ➝Term Num ➝ Fact grammar classes
- 113. FALSE PROPHETS
- 114. “a” “b” ➝ A “a” ➝ A “a” “b” / “a” ➝ A paradise PEGs L = {ab, a} L = {ab, a}
- 115. “a” ➝ A “a” “b” ➝ A “a” / “a” “b” ➝ A paradise PEGs L = {ab, a} L = {a}
- 116. if c1 then if c2 then s1 else s2 dangling else
- 117. “if” E “then” S “else” S / “if” E “then” S ➝ S “if” E “then” S / “if” E “then” S “else” S ➝ S PEGs
- 118. THETHIRD PLAGUE WAS LEXICAL SYNTAX
- 119. morphology & syntax
- 121. scanners
- 122. 3 * +7 21
- 123. 3 * +7 21
- 124. parsers
- 125. 3 * +7 21
- 126. Exp Exp Exp 3 * +7 21 Exp Exp
- 127. array [ ..1 10 ] integerof x = *1. .10 y :
- 128. array [ ..1 10 ] integerof x = *1. .10 y :
- 129. array [ 1. .10 ] integerof x = *1. .10 y :
- 130. THE FOURTH PLAGUE WAS TREE CONSTRUCTION
- 131. Exp Exp Exp 3 + +7 21 Exp Exp Const Add Const 3 7 21 Const Add paradise
- 132. Const Add Const 3 7 21 Const Add Fact Fact 3 + +7 21 Fact * Exp Term Term Term * grammar classes
- 133. expr: INTEGER { $$ = con($1); } | expr '+' expr { $$ = opr('+', 2, $1, $3);} | expr '*' expr { $$ = opr('*', 2, $1, $3);} ; semantic actions
- 134. THE FIFTH PLAGUE WAS EVOLUTION
- 135. Exp “+” Exp ➝ Exp Exp “*” Exp ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp Exp “+” Term ➝ Exp Term ➝ Exp Term “*” Fact ➝Term Fact ➝Term Num ➝ Fact paradise grammar classes
- 136. Exp “+” Exp ➝ Exp Exp “*” Exp ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp Exp “=” Exp ➝ Exp Exp “<” Exp ➝ Exp Exp “>” Exp ➝ Exp CExp “+” Term ➝ CExp Term ➝ CExp Term “*” Fact ➝Term Fact ➝Term Num ➝ Fact Exp “=” CExp ➝ Exp Exp “<” CExp ➝ Exp Exp “>” CExp ➝ Exp CExp ➝ Exp paradise grammar classes
- 137. THE SIXTH PLAGUE WAS COMPOSITION
- 138. parsers
- 143. scanners
- 144. public boolean authenticate(String user, String pw) { SQL stm = <| SELECT id FROM Users WHERE name = ${user} AND password = ${pw} |>; return executeQuery(stm).size() != 0; }
- 145. THE SEVENTH PLAGUE WAS RESTRICTION TO PARSERS
- 146. PRETTY PRINTERS
- 147. SENTENCE GENERATORS
- 148. AST ACCESS
- 149. IDE SUPPORT
- 150. PARADISE REGAINED
- 151. GENERALISED PARSING
- 154. paradise SDF context-free syntax Exp "+" Exp -> Exp Exp "*" Exp -> Exp NUM -> Exp Exp “+” Exp ➝ Exp Exp “*” Exp ➝ Exp Num ➝ Exp
- 159. text books precedence operators associativity 1 ( ), [ ] non-associative 2 new non-associative 3 . left-associative 4 ++, -- non-associative 5 -, +, !, ~, ++, --, (type) right-associative 6 *, /, % left-associative 7 +, - left-associative … … …
- 160. context-free priorities Exp "*" Exp -> Exp {left} > Exp "+" Exp -> Exp {left}
- 161. context-free syntax "if" E "then" S -> S {prefer} "if" E "then" S "else" S -> S
- 162. SCANNERLESS PARSING
- 163. morphology & syntax
- 164. lexical syntax [0-9]+ -> NUM [ tn] -> LAYOUT "//" ~[n]* [n] -> LAYOUT
- 165. parser
- 166. parser
- 168. Exp Exp Exp 3 + +7 21 Exp Exp Const Add Const 3 7 21 Const Add paradise
- 169. SDF context-free syntax Exp "+" Exp -> Exp {cons("Add")} Exp "*" Exp -> Exp {cons("Mul")} NUM -> Exp {cons("Const")}
- 170. Const Add Const 3 7 21 Const Add paradise SDF Add( Add( Const("3"), Const("7") ), Const("21") )
- 171. SEAMLESS EVOLUTION
- 172. context-free syntax Exp "+" Exp -> Exp {cons("Add")} Exp "*" Exp -> Exp {cons("Mul")} NUM -> Exp {cons("Const")} Exp "=" Exp -> Exp {cons("Eq")} Exp ">" Exp -> Exp {cons("Gt")} Exp "<" Exp -> Exp {cons("Lt")}
- 173. MODULAR COMPOSITION
- 176. public boolean authenticate(String user, String pw) { SQL stm = <| SELECT id FROM Users WHERE name = ${user} AND password = ${pw} |>; return executeQuery(stm).size() != 0; }
- 177. module Java-SQL imports Java SQL exports context-free syntax "<|" Query "|>" -> Exp {cons("ToSQL")} "${" Exp "}" -> SqlExp {cons("FromSQL")}
- 178. BEYOND PARSERS
- 179. PRETTY PRINTERS
- 180. SENTENCE GENERATORS
- 181. AST ACCESS
- 182. IDE SUPPORT
- 183. PARADISE DENIED
- 184. still around
- 185. still around
- 186. still have to use it
- 187. still have to learn LL, LR, SLR, LALR
- 188. still think using parser generators is hard
- 191. PARADISE OPEN
- 193. slides title author copyright 1, 2, 42 Jeremiah lamenting Rembrandt public domain 3, 7, 14-16, 19-21, 23-25, 31-33, 43, 88-92 Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden Wenzel Peter photo: Jonathan Linczak some rights reserved 4, 28, 93 Expulsion from the Garden of Eden Thomas Cole public domain 5, 138, 175 Livres d'heures des Étienne Chevalier Jean Fouquet public domain 6, 167 The Adoration of the Golden Calf Nicolas Poussin public domain 8, 51, 112, 131, 150 Thesaurus Enoch Lau some rights reserved 9, 79, 81 The BurmisTree Monsieur david some rights reserved 10, 13, 22, 45, 69 Latin Grammar Anthony Nelzin some rights reserved 11, 17, 176 The Garden of Earthly Delights (centre panel) Hieronymus Bosch public domain 12, 18, 68 Programming language textbooks K.lee public domain 26 The Fall of Man Jacob Jordaens public domain 27 Illustration d'après un Bison naturalisé d'Eulalie en Margeride F Lamiot some rights reserved 29 Can't Concentrate Sasha Wolff some rights reserved 30 Cold Sweat EricTastad some rights reserved 34 The Fifth Plague of Egypt Joseph M.W.Turner public domain 36 Managed Destruction Harley Kingston some rights reserved
- 194. slides title author copyright 37 Book Scanner Ben Woosley some rights reserved 38 Dead trees in the clay pan of the Deadvlei Harald Süpfle some rights reserved 39 Charles Robert Darwin John Maler Collier public domain 40 Black Lego Wallpaper monohex some rights reserved 41 Four - Nova Prospekt (Restricted) |Digressive| some rights reserved 44, 110, 148 Noam Chomsky Fellowsisters some rights reserved 57, 80, 115, 129, 151 Minuscule 798 f.41v - f.42r unknown public domain 70 Latin Bible Gerard Brils photo:Adrian Pingstone public domain 71 Themis and Aegeus Kodros Painter photo: Bibi Saint-Pol public domain 94 IBM System/3 Jonathunder some rights reserved 104 Destruction of the Beast and the False Prophet Benjamin West public domain 168 lex & yacc O’Reilly all rights reserved 169 flex & bison O’Reilly all rights reserved 170-172 Students TU Delft Media Services all rights reserved 173 ANTLR The Pragmatic Bookshelf all rights reserved 174 Xtext all rights reserved