PurposeSpeech recognition software has existed for decades; diff.docx
- 1. Purpose Speech recognition software has existed for decades; different modifications have been made to the application to enable custom uses. The goal of this research is to create a program that will use speech recognition features to help speakers who have trouble with English word’s pronunciation to improve their speech pattern. The program will also help them to track their speech improvement progress and receive a feedback. Project objectives To help people with difficulties with English words improve their speech patterns To help English language learners track their progress in speech improvement Related Work 1. Speech recognition in assistive technology Speech recognition is defined as the process through which human words are converted into a format that can be readable in a machine, for example, a computer or even a phone. Speech recognition technology which is also often referred to as computer speech recognition or the automatic speech recognition are software and devices which are used to convert words that are spoken into text(Ifukube, 2017). It works by an individual speaking into the microphone of the device which is connected to a machine or a sound detecting software, and then the sound is converted into numbers and to a readable text through algorithms. This assistive technology plays a very major role in improving speech patterns and more so in education as will be discussed below. The first way through which speech recognition technologies can be used in assisting to improve the speech patterns is by allowing a greater level of interaction with disabled individuals. Physical disability can be a big barrier to communication between individuals; for example, it is impossible to have a conversation with an individual who does not have the hearing
- 2. ability. Speech recognition helps to break such barrier and enhance speech and communication by for example by converting the spoken words into a readable text which the other individual can read and also respond. This technology can also help students who do not have motor skills such as the use of their hands or legs to still do the same tasks as the other. They can use the technology to make their reports and research and write just like any other student. Second, the speech recognition technology has been very instrumental in improving speech patterns by improving the level of fluency of individuals. This is because the speech recognition software has evolved to a level where it has the ability to gauge the reading ability of individuals. Individuals can simply read into the machine, and it can be able to gauge their ability and tell what they are reading right and what they are reading wrong and gauge their fluency levels. An individual can very easily make use of this technology to enhance their reading abilities, their pronunciation and also to practice fluency. Third, the speech recognition technology is very useful in improving speech patterns by enhancing language development. In this case, language development does not only apply to the children but also for adults. There are very many languages out there that we can learn and the speech recognition software is very instrumental in the learning of new languages. The technology has language software whose function is to check how well an individual can speak a specific language. For example, if an individual is learning Spanish, they can speak some words to the machine, and the machine can tell how well they are reading these words. Speech recognition also enhances the ability of an individual learning a new language by translating one language to another The software has the ability to convert one language into another, for example, English to Spanish, and this serves as a very effective way of learning another language. Finally, this software enhances language learning through its ability to speak to an individual in a given
- 3. language, and when the individual responds, the machine evaluates the response to tell whether or not it is correct (Craddock, 2003). In general, the speech recognition technology helps improve speech patterns for disabled individuals, enhancing language fluency for individuals and also helps in learning new languages. It serves as an assistive technology which can make an individual’s speech abilities better through all these ways. 2. Other related works The speech recognition software allows for people to talk and words appear. All that one need says a command and the computer obeys. These programs provide speed through documentation. They have a fast dictation and a high recognition accuracy that continually improves as they adapt to one’s voice. They define short-cut repetitive tasks by speeding up documentation creation and boosting productivity. Dragon natural has long ruled the speech recognition landscape. The more choices given to using voice commands the better. The spoken words better suit specific projects than typing. Windows speech recognition by Microsoft has newer versions of speech recognition. It is said to be the most available mainly because it’s being offered for free on Windows 7 or Windows 8 PC. This allows people to open tabs and browse by voice commands. However, the program’s performance can stand improvements especially when it comes accuracy levels. There are others speech recognition programs such as Google voice and Tazti. However, Dragon Natural speaking far beats the rest. The windows one provides a formidable rival but lacks accuracy. Tazti is more geared towards by gamers who want to use their voice and send characteristics in battles. Users can launch programs, start a media player without the use of a keyboard. However, the program doesn’t use dictation. Others such as Sonix are used to transcribing and editing videos and audios. Overall, dictation programs have come on massive leaps and bounds from not only dictating emails and documents but
- 4. controlling the PC voice commands. Technology used in speech therapy (developmental) Technology is used more in speech-language pathology. Speech- language uses tablets, computers, and smartphones for various purposes. Parents download the apps and programs to help their children practice their speech and language skills at home. Speech-language therapy services have also found its way into the internet through various channels such as Skype. Therapy tools are meant to motivate and open up opportunities for speech and language developments in children. The technology has allowed for articulation focused on words and sentences and story building. Parents may use such technology as part of speech program. This has helped children build up on their language skills. Students in the department of communicative disorders are pioneering on ways to support children in severe communication needs. Speech developmental needs are mostly used for conditions such as autism, cerebral palsy and pervasive developmental delays. Communication methods are introduced to capitalize on their strengths and attempt to shape new knowledge through a guided learning experience that facilitates participation and learning. Children are allowed to use visualized language in real time through the graphical user interface. Language proficiency is conducted by use of formal and informal assessments undertaken by bilingual educators or speech psychologist. The method involves translating written symbols into speech and their interpretations (Burns et al., 1998). Technology use in speech therapy: rehab from physical injury or stroke (brain injury) Communication technologies are used in rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury. The major types of technology include assistive technology, augmentative and information communication technology. The interventions assist the patients in enhancing participation through modified contextual factors. The instructional methods use declarative memory such as imagery and verbal elaboration. Computer-assisted treatment
- 5. makes use of programs through repetitive trials. The speed and complexity of the exercise increases as the user's performance improves to maintain a high portion of favourable traits. The programs are used in conjunct to clinical-moderated treatment. Patient-centred design of cognitive assisted technology assists in a range of computer aided gait. High skilled therapists are adapted to the use of technology for optimum recovery. The sophisticated machines blend in with the experts knows how. A process designed for maximum gains. Cognitive rehabilitation uses the multi-disciplinary approach with neuropsychiatric evaluations. Significant improvements are attained by undergoing direct attention in speech training. Brain-injured persons may suffer from ideomotor, ideational and constructional apraxia. The cognitive communication disorder impairs social interaction. The principle use of the technology- aided guide is to mass practice language tasks of increased difficulty and using constraints of non-verbal communication. Proposed Approach The nature of problem calls for a Quantitative experimental approach in realizing the goals of this research’s. Having identified the problem, scientific hypothesis need to be developed and effective experimentations done. In addition, the work will entail a lot of program development and testing in a bid to realize the scope of the research. After developing or identifying the correct programs, a population sample will be selected for purpose of study for a given duration. Feedback will be collected and analysis, recommendations and conclusions made. Required resources The nature of research calls for the following: Related researches for reference
- 6. Program developer Population sample containing English language learners with access to computers and developed software. References Burns, R. B., Crislip, D., Daviou, P., Temkin, A., Vesmarovich, S., Anshutz, J., ... & Jones, M. L. (1998). Using telerehabilitation to support assistive technology. Assistive Technology, 10(2), 126-133. Carey B. (2016). Smartphone speech recognition can write text messages three times faster than human typing. Stanford News. Accessed from: http://news.stanford.edu/2016/08/24/stanford- study-speech-recognition-faster-texting/ Julie P & Zeanah E. (2005). An evaluation of voice recognition software for use in interview-based research: a research note. Sage Journals. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1468794105050837 Craddock, G. (2003). Assistive technology: shaping the future; AAATE'03. Amsterdam Tokyo: IOS Press Ohmsha. Ifukube, T. (2017). Sound-based assistive technology: support to hearing, speaking and seeing. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
- 7. 5063 Week 6 18FEB Assignment 6 Compare and contrast the materials on ABC in no more than 2 pages Discussion 6 Describe ABC Inventory Classification Danny, ABC inventory analysis is a way that a company can group items by dollar volume. Axsäter, (2015), states that 20% of the items account for about 80% of the dollar value. Typically, companies categorized their items into three classes, A= high dollar volume, B= intermediate dollar value items, which account for about 30% and C= low dollar volume items. This type of inventory control is used throughout materials and distribution management; which is also referred to as selective inventory control. Fritch (2015), describes this type of inventory control as the 80/20 rule, also known as the Pareto Analysis. The biggest issue as stated by Bowersox, Closs, Cooper and Bowersox (2013), is that using the Activity-base costing approach is identifying the activities, related expenses and drivers of expense. The authors continue to suggest that costs should be first traced to the activities performed and then activities should be related to specific product or customer segments of the business.” I think the challenge here is identifying which items fall into category A or B, which would be driven by sales spikes or even new trending items on the market. I like the approach, but it seems if sales were sporadic inventory mangers would have to reclassify items and routinely analyze the classification status. Axsäter, S. (2015). Inventory Control. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. Bowersox, D. J., Closs, D. J., Cooper, M. B. and Bowersox, J. C. (2013). Supply Chain Logistics Management. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
- 8. Fritsch, D. (2015, July 10). What is ABC Analysis for Inventory Optimization? Retrieved from https://www.eazystock.com/blog/2015/07/10/how-does-abc- analysis-affect-inventory-optimization/ Franciso, The ABC Inventory Classification technique assigns inventory items to one of three groups according to relative impact or value of the objects that make up the group. ABC classification is based on the Pareto principle commonly known as the 80/20 rule. In inventory management, it is used to classify stock based on profits, inventory costs, or service levels. Items in class A, B, and C are prioritized from highest to lowest with “A” items being the highest and “C” the lowest ranking. Sanders, (2014), states that “A” items are those which are high demand items, and therefore require frequent analysis. They account for 70-80 percent of inventory value while accounting for only 10-20 percent of the inventory. “B” items are intermediate valued products which account for 30 percent of the inventory and contribute to approximately 35 percent of the value. “C” class items are the remaining 50 percent of stocked inventory. However, they only contribute to 10 percent of total inventory value. The criteria used to assess an item will determine the group to which it is assigned. Coyle, (2013), states that using revenue per item as the criterion might assign “Item 1” to the A group while using the profit per item as the criterion might assign “Item 1” to the C group. Determining which criteria to use for inventory classification will depend on the goals the organization is trying to achieve. Also, remember that an organization might determine that it requires more or less than three categories. References: Axsater, S. (2015). Inventory Control (3rd ed.). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. Coyle, J., Langley, C., Novack, R. and Gibson, B. (2013).
- 9. Supply Chain Management. Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning. Sanders, Nada; Council, of Supply Chain Management Professionals. (2014). How Products and Services Are Produced. Upper Saddle, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.