The future of software pricing excellence transaction pricing management
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The document discusses transaction pricing management in the software industry. It outlines PwC's pricing management framework, which includes pricing strategy, price formulation, transaction management, and performance measurement. The document focuses on transaction management, noting that leaders in this area have integrated, cross-functional processes for capturing pricing data from deals and using it to inform future deals. It also provides guidance on key elements of building a transaction pricing management framework, including designing a price waterfall, defining analytics, and establishing pricing policies and governance.
![www.pwc.com/technology
The future of software
pricing excellence:
Transaction pricing management
Technology Institute
Segment-specific
strategy
Pricing
goals
Portfolio
analysis
Overallstrategy
Policy
enforcement
Opportunities
andrequests
Quotinganddealmanagement
Prioritisation
andallocation
Pricing performance
measurement
and management
Segment-specific
pricing and policies
Compliance Overall pricing
and policies
Pricing data
and rulesSales force and
partner enablement
Process
Organisation
Technology
Data & analytics
1-Pricing strategy
4-Performancemanagement
2-Priceformulation
3-Transaction management
Figure 1: PwC’s pricing management framework
Source: PwC
Executive summary
Businesses with high profit margins are tempted to offer substantial discounts to capture new
customers or keep current ones when faced with competitive pressures. This is an especially
important issue in the software industry, where discounting off of the ‘list’ price of as much
as 100% is common. This deep discounting can erode margins quickly without structure
and management.
This paper, one of a series exploring the application of PwC’s pricing management framework
[Figure 1] in the software industry, focuses on software transaction management.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pwc-the-future-of-software-pricing-excellence-transaction-pricing-management-130817035626-phpapp02/85/The-future-of-software-pricing-excellence-transaction-pricing-management-1-320.jpg)
![The future of software pricing excellence / 2
Laggard Mainstream Leader
Process Ad hoc processes and
decision-making, no clear
policies in place
Well defined but poorly
integrated processes with
limited cross-functional
coordination
Fully-integrated, cross-
functional processes
across product creation,
price setting, guided
selling and discounting,
including a closed-
feedback loop to monitor
performance and
customer interactions
and make adjustments
as needed
Organisation No clear owner of
pricing—it is 'shared'
across organisations
Pricing review
committees overseeing
pricing at the global level
including regional pricing
committees overseeing
pricing and discounting at
the regional level
Centralised pricing
organisation defining
pricing strategy, enforcing
pricing and discounting
policy with a centralised
deal desk overseeing deal
approvals as needed
Technology Excel is the system and
tool of choice
Systems in place but they
are primarily disparate,
point solutions
Integrated systems
leveraging product,
pricing, customer,
contract and entitlement
master data to determine
transaction price
Data and
analytics
Ad hoc capture of deal
and discounting data,
typically at a high-
level (e.g., by overall
transaction) and with
limited analytic capabilities
Capture data at all levers
of the price waterfall with
the capability to then
run analytics
Capture data at all levers
of the price waterfall and
use it to simulate and
model future price curves
and provide insight to
inform pricing strategy
For each framework component, companies
need to focus on the elements that drive pricing
maturity and impact financial results.
Successfully managing pricing during
software transactions requires a process. That
process includes defining pricing levers and
then implementing those levers at the point
of transaction—the point at which pricing
strategy is executed. By following this process,
software vendors can optimise pricing and
protect their margins while still satisfying
customer expectations for discounts and
special offers.
Indeed, PwC has identified the characteristics
that define the leaders, laggards and
mainstream practitioners of software
transaction pricing management. Laggards
typically lack defined processes and chains
of command for making decisions about
transaction pricing, and, as a result, they have
little data on which to base market predictions
and pricing trends. Leaders, however, have
created a closed loop in which they create
formalised processes for capturing data about
every aspect of the transaction, then use that
data to further refine the processes for optimal
pricing strategy. [Figure 2]
Figure 2: Transaction pricing management practices, from laggards to leaders
Source: PwC
The key factor separating industry leaders in transaction pricing management from the pack is
a fully integrated, cross-functional approach that captures and leverages data about past deals
to inform future deals. Sophisticated pricing models and promotions could be set up to leverage
entitlement data and provide benefits based on customer loyalty.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pwc-the-future-of-software-pricing-excellence-transaction-pricing-management-130817035626-phpapp02/85/The-future-of-software-pricing-excellence-transaction-pricing-management-2-320.jpg)
![The future of software pricing excellence / 3
A structured approach to building a transaction
pricing management framework for the software
industry requires the following key elements:
1. Designing a price waterfall. A price
waterfall is a structured approach to
calculating the price of a transaction. It
requires software vendors to select the
right pricing levers for their software
business models.
2. Defining analytics. Analytics drive
strategy for both price setting (list prices)
and transaction pricing (discounting
curves). Capturing the right data at the
point of transaction gives software vendors
greater visibility into the profitability of each
transaction as well as rich aggregate data for
simulation and modelling purposes.
3. Policy and governance definition and
enforcement. Optimising pricing requires
a fully integrated pricing function dedicated
to creating and managing pricing policy
throughout the company.
The remainder of this paper will elaborate on
each of these elements.
Designing a price waterfall
A well-designed price waterfall provides
the framework to manage price discounting
and shape customer buying behaviour.
When applied appropriately, price discounts
can give customers a powerful incentive to
adopt or maintain buying patterns that work
to the software vendor’s advantage—for
example, as a reward for adhering to certain
payment frequencies.
A price waterfall framework also provides
the sales organisation with data to support
a consistent, structured discounting
process so sales people can negotiate
prices more effectively while identifying
additional (and more profitable) up-sell and
cross-sell opportunities.
Most importantly, a price waterfall can improve
profitability, both by imposing price premiums
for non-standard terms and conditions that
directly affect margin and by dissuading
customers from undesirable behaviours that
increase cost-to-serve. [Figure 3]
Benefits of a price waterfall framework
List price
Regional
list price
End user
buy price
Invoice
price
Pocket
margin
• Rebates
• Logistics
• Sales and marketing
costs
Off-invoice price adjustments
Partner
price
Mostly controlled by pricing levers
Captured by analytics
Pocket
price
Figure 3: Price waterfall framework example
Source: PwC
A price waterfall provides the framework necessary to manage price discounting and shape
customer buying behaviour for increased profitability.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pwc-the-future-of-software-pricing-excellence-transaction-pricing-management-130817035626-phpapp02/85/The-future-of-software-pricing-excellence-transaction-pricing-management-3-320.jpg)
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Defining analytics
The formalised price waterfall structure provides greater visibility into price adjustments at
every lever, delivering data that can generate key business insights. This data can support
informed decision-making not just for price-setting and discounting, but for customer and market
segmentation, product and offerings design, channel strategy and cost analysis as well. [Figure 4]
• FX adjustments
• Country
adjustments
• Region
adjustments
• Language
adjustments
• Programme
discounts
• Volume
discounts
• Contractual
pricing
• Standard
channel
discounts
• Special partner
discounts
• Partner
contractual
discounts
• Promotional
discounts
• Additional
negotiated
discounts
• Logistics
• Off-invoice
promotions
• Cash discount
terms
• Credits/Rebates
• Mktg dev
funds/Ads
• Sales programmes
• Returns
• Commissions
• Pricing errors
• COGS
• Technical
support
• Sales costs
• Services costs
• Special costs-
to-serve
Using the price waterfall framework to identify and close profitability leaks
Tools like a price waterfall also help identify and close profitability leaks
List
price
MSRP Invoice Pocket
price
Pocket
margin
• Are our go-to-
market strategies
reflected in
our MSRPs?
• How consistent is
our pricing within
segments or
customer groups?
• Do our actual sales
match the expected
price/volume curves?
1
• Were our sales done
within quoting
authority?
• How much additional
discounting do
we give?
• Are our promotions
working?
• How are our
channels/partners
performing?
2
• Are we capturing
all of our logistics
costs?
• How is our
commission structure
impacting margins?
• Are specific
customers or
products driving
credits?
• Are rebates an
effective incentive
for increasing
volume?
3
• Do our price and
margin targets
accurately reflect
all our costs?
• What is our true
cost to serve
customers (both
big and small)?
• How can we
optimise selling,
service and
support costs?
4
Figure 4: Using the price waterfall framework to identify and close profitability leaks
Best practices for defining the components
of the transaction analytics (typically pricing
metrics) include the following:
• Define customer life time value (LTV)
models to incorporate the cost to acquire,
the cost to serve and churn ratio.
• Define appropriate metrics for measuring
performance of sales and channels to
structure incentives.
• Ensure your pricing metric aligns with
perceived customer value to improve
customer retention and track customer
retention rates
• Account for credits due to missed service
level agreements, rebates for not consuming
full entitlement and true-ups (additional
charges for consuming entitlements)
• Define, capture and access entitlement
and provisioning data to track usage, stem
revenue leakage, shape offerings based
on usage patterns and define segments
and pricings
• Maintain an up-to-date, easily accessible
database of competitive transactions as well
as deal information to enhance analytics.
Source: PwC](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pwc-the-future-of-software-pricing-excellence-transaction-pricing-management-130817035626-phpapp02/85/The-future-of-software-pricing-excellence-transaction-pricing-management-5-320.jpg)
![The future of software pricing excellence / 6
Policy and governance definition
and enforcement
Without policy, governance and enforcement,
it’s impossible to realise the full potential
value of a price waterfall framework and
the metrics and analytics it generates.
Pricing excellence demands clear, consistent
policies and guidelines for pricing and
discounting, enforced by a centralised pricing
organisational structure.
A centralised pricing organisation helps
develop policy to provide a consistent view
into software pricing strategy, both within
and across business units. It encourages
behaviour that supports business and pricing
strategy, such as margin-based compensation.
A centralised pricing organisation can also
serve as the company-wide champion of an
integrated pricing process, helping to maximise
operational efficiencies and define standards
for data governance in support of pricing
analytics. [Figure 5]
The role of a centralised pricing organisation
Pricing performance and policy monitoring
High level
product goals
Initial
product
costs
Updated
product
costs
Gaps to
product
strategy
• Corporate strategy
• Business objetives
• Vertical strategic plans
• Agreement from pricing
steering committee
• Revenue growth
• Margin
• Win-loss rate
• Price realisation
Base price
and add-on
policies
High level
product pricing
strategy
Price
agreements
Finalise price
points (Generic
and vertical)
Review business
and segment
strategy
Develop overall
pricing strategy;
set base price
Perform internal
and external
analysis
Socialise
pricing
Publish
pricebook
and policies
Pricing
adjustment
Price analysis for deal management
Quote evaluation Offer/
counteroffer
Request
for quote
Approved
quote
Price/volume
compliance
enforcement
guidelines
Price master
Opportunity
Price analysis for
pricing strategy
and price setting
Figure 5: The role of a centralised pricing organisation
Source: PwC](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pwc-the-future-of-software-pricing-excellence-transaction-pricing-management-130817035626-phpapp02/85/The-future-of-software-pricing-excellence-transaction-pricing-management-6-320.jpg)
The future of software pricing excellence transaction pricing management
- 1. www.pwc.com/technology The future of software pricing excellence: Transaction pricing management Technology Institute Segment-specific strategy Pricing goals Portfolio analysis Overallstrategy Policy enforcement Opportunities andrequests Quotinganddealmanagement Prioritisation andallocation Pricing performance measurement and management Segment-specific pricing and policies Compliance Overall pricing and policies Pricing data and rulesSales force and partner enablement Process Organisation Technology Data & analytics 1-Pricing strategy 4-Performancemanagement 2-Priceformulation 3-Transaction management Figure 1: PwC’s pricing management framework Source: PwC Executive summary Businesses with high profit margins are tempted to offer substantial discounts to capture new customers or keep current ones when faced with competitive pressures. This is an especially important issue in the software industry, where discounting off of the ‘list’ price of as much as 100% is common. This deep discounting can erode margins quickly without structure and management. This paper, one of a series exploring the application of PwC’s pricing management framework [Figure 1] in the software industry, focuses on software transaction management.
- 2. The future of software pricing excellence / 2 Laggard Mainstream Leader Process Ad hoc processes and decision-making, no clear policies in place Well defined but poorly integrated processes with limited cross-functional coordination Fully-integrated, cross- functional processes across product creation, price setting, guided selling and discounting, including a closed- feedback loop to monitor performance and customer interactions and make adjustments as needed Organisation No clear owner of pricing—it is 'shared' across organisations Pricing review committees overseeing pricing at the global level including regional pricing committees overseeing pricing and discounting at the regional level Centralised pricing organisation defining pricing strategy, enforcing pricing and discounting policy with a centralised deal desk overseeing deal approvals as needed Technology Excel is the system and tool of choice Systems in place but they are primarily disparate, point solutions Integrated systems leveraging product, pricing, customer, contract and entitlement master data to determine transaction price Data and analytics Ad hoc capture of deal and discounting data, typically at a high- level (e.g., by overall transaction) and with limited analytic capabilities Capture data at all levers of the price waterfall with the capability to then run analytics Capture data at all levers of the price waterfall and use it to simulate and model future price curves and provide insight to inform pricing strategy For each framework component, companies need to focus on the elements that drive pricing maturity and impact financial results. Successfully managing pricing during software transactions requires a process. That process includes defining pricing levers and then implementing those levers at the point of transaction—the point at which pricing strategy is executed. By following this process, software vendors can optimise pricing and protect their margins while still satisfying customer expectations for discounts and special offers. Indeed, PwC has identified the characteristics that define the leaders, laggards and mainstream practitioners of software transaction pricing management. Laggards typically lack defined processes and chains of command for making decisions about transaction pricing, and, as a result, they have little data on which to base market predictions and pricing trends. Leaders, however, have created a closed loop in which they create formalised processes for capturing data about every aspect of the transaction, then use that data to further refine the processes for optimal pricing strategy. [Figure 2] Figure 2: Transaction pricing management practices, from laggards to leaders Source: PwC The key factor separating industry leaders in transaction pricing management from the pack is a fully integrated, cross-functional approach that captures and leverages data about past deals to inform future deals. Sophisticated pricing models and promotions could be set up to leverage entitlement data and provide benefits based on customer loyalty.
- 3. The future of software pricing excellence / 3 A structured approach to building a transaction pricing management framework for the software industry requires the following key elements: 1. Designing a price waterfall. A price waterfall is a structured approach to calculating the price of a transaction. It requires software vendors to select the right pricing levers for their software business models. 2. Defining analytics. Analytics drive strategy for both price setting (list prices) and transaction pricing (discounting curves). Capturing the right data at the point of transaction gives software vendors greater visibility into the profitability of each transaction as well as rich aggregate data for simulation and modelling purposes. 3. Policy and governance definition and enforcement. Optimising pricing requires a fully integrated pricing function dedicated to creating and managing pricing policy throughout the company. The remainder of this paper will elaborate on each of these elements. Designing a price waterfall A well-designed price waterfall provides the framework to manage price discounting and shape customer buying behaviour. When applied appropriately, price discounts can give customers a powerful incentive to adopt or maintain buying patterns that work to the software vendor’s advantage—for example, as a reward for adhering to certain payment frequencies. A price waterfall framework also provides the sales organisation with data to support a consistent, structured discounting process so sales people can negotiate prices more effectively while identifying additional (and more profitable) up-sell and cross-sell opportunities. Most importantly, a price waterfall can improve profitability, both by imposing price premiums for non-standard terms and conditions that directly affect margin and by dissuading customers from undesirable behaviours that increase cost-to-serve. [Figure 3] Benefits of a price waterfall framework List price Regional list price End user buy price Invoice price Pocket margin • Rebates • Logistics • Sales and marketing costs Off-invoice price adjustments Partner price Mostly controlled by pricing levers Captured by analytics Pocket price Figure 3: Price waterfall framework example Source: PwC A price waterfall provides the framework necessary to manage price discounting and shape customer buying behaviour for increased profitability.
- 4. The future of software pricing excellence / 4 PwC’s experience in implementing price waterfalls at various clients has led to a series of proven steps for rolling out a price waterfall framework: 1. Identifying price levers is the first step in designing a price waterfall. Price levers must take into account business models, overall pricing strategy, operational factors and routes to market. Each price lever draws on recent transaction data to map discounting and premium pricing practices in order to identify trends and minimum/maximum values. Companies can base their pricing levers on analytics that break down customer preferences by segment. Alternatively, they can take a more operational approach, basing their pricing levers on partner tiers and routes to market. In either case, the pricing levers can be broadly classified into six categories: Type of lever Examples 1. Regional Foreign exchange/currency adjustments Country adjustment 2. Volume/Promotion Volume Term adjustment Promotions 3. Up-sell/Cross-sell Extended warranty Trade-in Bundle discount 4. Channel Authorised dealer Specialised reseller One-time reseller 5. Payment Extended credit terms Non-standard billing terms 6. Delivery Advance delivery Expedited delivery premium 2. Next, determining the various price levels (e.g., list price, regional list, MSRP, invoice price etc.) builds the outer framework for the waterfall. The pricing levers are arranged between the price levels to reflect the adjustments. 3. After that, each lever requires defined policies that trigger its use, as well as determining who has decision-making authority when lever boundaries need to be exceeded. To realise target improvements to margin, the process must incorporate regular policy updates as well as alignment of sales compensation plans and end-to-end sales processes. 4. Finally, the new pricing waterfall requires implementation planning that incorporates a range of variables. For example, will you run a pilot programme to test the transaction management? Or will your company roll it out company-wide? Will it cover a single product line or your entire product portfolio? In addition to choosing the right tools and systems to implement the price waterfall, you must ensure that these tools interact appropriately with your product configuration, quote, order, ecommerce portals, mobile apps and other transaction systems. You must also train key stakeholders to use and evangelise for the new pricing engine.
- 5. The future of software pricing excellence / 5 Defining analytics The formalised price waterfall structure provides greater visibility into price adjustments at every lever, delivering data that can generate key business insights. This data can support informed decision-making not just for price-setting and discounting, but for customer and market segmentation, product and offerings design, channel strategy and cost analysis as well. [Figure 4] • FX adjustments • Country adjustments • Region adjustments • Language adjustments • Programme discounts • Volume discounts • Contractual pricing • Standard channel discounts • Special partner discounts • Partner contractual discounts • Promotional discounts • Additional negotiated discounts • Logistics • Off-invoice promotions • Cash discount terms • Credits/Rebates • Mktg dev funds/Ads • Sales programmes • Returns • Commissions • Pricing errors • COGS • Technical support • Sales costs • Services costs • Special costs- to-serve Using the price waterfall framework to identify and close profitability leaks Tools like a price waterfall also help identify and close profitability leaks List price MSRP Invoice Pocket price Pocket margin • Are our go-to- market strategies reflected in our MSRPs? • How consistent is our pricing within segments or customer groups? • Do our actual sales match the expected price/volume curves? 1 • Were our sales done within quoting authority? • How much additional discounting do we give? • Are our promotions working? • How are our channels/partners performing? 2 • Are we capturing all of our logistics costs? • How is our commission structure impacting margins? • Are specific customers or products driving credits? • Are rebates an effective incentive for increasing volume? 3 • Do our price and margin targets accurately reflect all our costs? • What is our true cost to serve customers (both big and small)? • How can we optimise selling, service and support costs? 4 Figure 4: Using the price waterfall framework to identify and close profitability leaks Best practices for defining the components of the transaction analytics (typically pricing metrics) include the following: • Define customer life time value (LTV) models to incorporate the cost to acquire, the cost to serve and churn ratio. • Define appropriate metrics for measuring performance of sales and channels to structure incentives. • Ensure your pricing metric aligns with perceived customer value to improve customer retention and track customer retention rates • Account for credits due to missed service level agreements, rebates for not consuming full entitlement and true-ups (additional charges for consuming entitlements) • Define, capture and access entitlement and provisioning data to track usage, stem revenue leakage, shape offerings based on usage patterns and define segments and pricings • Maintain an up-to-date, easily accessible database of competitive transactions as well as deal information to enhance analytics. Source: PwC
- 6. The future of software pricing excellence / 6 Policy and governance definition and enforcement Without policy, governance and enforcement, it’s impossible to realise the full potential value of a price waterfall framework and the metrics and analytics it generates. Pricing excellence demands clear, consistent policies and guidelines for pricing and discounting, enforced by a centralised pricing organisational structure. A centralised pricing organisation helps develop policy to provide a consistent view into software pricing strategy, both within and across business units. It encourages behaviour that supports business and pricing strategy, such as margin-based compensation. A centralised pricing organisation can also serve as the company-wide champion of an integrated pricing process, helping to maximise operational efficiencies and define standards for data governance in support of pricing analytics. [Figure 5] The role of a centralised pricing organisation Pricing performance and policy monitoring High level product goals Initial product costs Updated product costs Gaps to product strategy • Corporate strategy • Business objetives • Vertical strategic plans • Agreement from pricing steering committee • Revenue growth • Margin • Win-loss rate • Price realisation Base price and add-on policies High level product pricing strategy Price agreements Finalise price points (Generic and vertical) Review business and segment strategy Develop overall pricing strategy; set base price Perform internal and external analysis Socialise pricing Publish pricebook and policies Pricing adjustment Price analysis for deal management Quote evaluation Offer/ counteroffer Request for quote Approved quote Price/volume compliance enforcement guidelines Price master Opportunity Price analysis for pricing strategy and price setting Figure 5: The role of a centralised pricing organisation Source: PwC
- 7. The future of software pricing excellence / 7 Transaction pricing leaders typically have adopted most if not all of these policy, governance and enforcement practices: • Centralise pricing policy development and treat it as an iterative process. Most organisations start with whatever policy they currently have and refine and improve through experience. • Decentralise pricing authority to empower sales with authority to structure deals by using pricing levers in a manner consistent with the defined policy, thereby speeding transactions. • Define clear accountabilities and escalation paths for approvals when lever boundaries have to be exceeded. • Treat each request for a pricing exception as a request to change policy. This forces executives to consider broader and longer term implications of the precedents they are setting. • Design the pricing organisation to be a specialist group, responsible for pricing analytics; price monitoring; defining and managing buying programmes and training sales, marketing, and product managers on the pricing strategy, systems and tools. Transaction pricing management in action A US$700 million software solutions firm lacked pricing coordination and transparency. Inefficient pricing processes, uncertainty about real project margins and business-wide disparities in discounting practices led to considerable price discounting. The company adopted PwC’s methodologies to evaluate the effectiveness of its current pricing policies and identified several areas for improvement: • simplifying and standardising pricing processes • improving price segmentation methods • identifying key pricing levers and developing pricing tools to manage pricing adjustments • institutionalising informal pricing knowledge. Implementing these changes led directly to a USD$15 million improvement in the company’s annual operating income. Conclusion Creating a framework for software transaction pricing management is complex and requires buy-in from both internal and external stakeholders. However, once software vendors define the framework using the key design elements set out in this paper, they can systematise data, processes and transactions and implement appropriate pricing systems and tools. By investing time and effort up front in careful design, they can turn transaction pricing management into an engine that preserves or expands margins, encourages future revenue growth, increases the ease of doing business and ultimately provides a differentiated customer experience. PwC offers several additional reports further examining the impact of new pricing, licensing and delivery models on the software industry. These reports on software pricing excellence are intended to help vendors make wise tactical and financial choices as their product portfolios and business models evolve. To view the entire series go to www.pwc.com/softwarepricing.
- 8. © 2013 PwC. All rights reserved. PwC refers to the PwC network and/or one or more of its member firms, each of which is a separate legal entity. Please see http://www.pwc.com/structure for further details. This content is for general information purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional advisors. BS-13-0265.0213 PwC can help If you’d like to discuss the challenge of software pricing in an ever-changing business environment, please reach out to one of our technology industry leaders listed below. Mark McCaffrey Tom Archer Global Software Leader US Technology Leader +1 408 817 4199 +1 408 817 3836 mark.mccaffrey@us.pwc.com thomas.archer@us.pwc.com Pierre Marty Kayvan Shahabi European Software Leader US Technology Leader – Advisory +33 1 56 57 58 15 +1 408 817 5724 pierre.marty@fr.pwc.com kayvan.shahabi@us.pwc.com Greg Unsworth Asia Technology Leader +65 6236 3738 greg.unsworth@sg.pwc.com In addition to the above contacts, Brian Hoard, Director, Management Consulting and Suchit Batheja, Manager, Management Consulting, provided key insights and clients’ real-world experiences for this report. About PwC’s Technology Institute The Technology Institute is PwC’s global research network that studies the business of technology and the technology of business with the purpose of creating thought leadership that offers both fact-based analysis and experience-based perspectives. Technology Institute insights and viewpoints originate from active collaboration between our professionals across the globe and their first-hand experiences working in and with the technology industry. For more information please contact Raman Chitkara, Global Technology Industry Leader at raman.chitkara@us.pwc.com. About PwC PwC helps organisations and individuals create the value they’re looking for. We’re a network of firms in 158 countries with more than 180,000 people who are committed to delivering quality in assurance, tax and advisory services. Tell us what matters to you and find out more by visiting us at www.pwc.com.