PWP: Grid Impacts and Utility Bills
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1) The document summarizes an electric vehicle workshop presented by Pasadena Water and Power. It discusses options for home charging, the impacts of charging on utility infrastructure, and time-of-use rates that could reduce costs for electric vehicle owners. 2) Homeowners have options for slower 120V or faster 240V charging, but may require electrical upgrades and permits. Charging overnight reduces costs and strain on the electric grid compared to uncontrolled charging. 3) While electric vehicles have lower fuel costs than gas vehicles, clustering of EV charging could overload local transformers if not managed. Time-of-use rates charge lower prices at night to encourage off-peak charging.
PWP: Grid Impacts and Utility Bills
- 1. Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop March 31, 2012
- 2. Topics Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • Plugging in to the Grid at Home • Charge at Night…late at night (utility impacts) • Cost of Gasoline vs. Home Charging • PWP Incentives • More Information > www.PWPweb.com/EV > Call the Program Answerline: 626-744-6970 2
- 3. Plugging In to the Grid at Home Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • Your options > 120 Volt wall socket (slooowwww) > 240 Volt “Level 2” charger • You will need permits for electrical work > City Permit Center • You may need to upgrade your service panel > PWP Utility Service Planning > Could trigger “undergrounding” requirement - $$$ • We can help guide you through > PWP Answerline: 626-744-6970 3
- 4. Sidebar: Energy vs “Demand” Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • Residential bills based on energy use (kWh) • Demand (or power) is the maximum rate of energy delivery to the customer (kW) > Utility equipment and your electric service panel must be sized to meet your maximum demand • A microwave oven uses about 1 kW of power > If you run it for 1 hour, then you consume 1 kWh • A 100 W light bulb uses 0.1 kW of power > If you run it for 10 hours, then you consume 1 kWh 4
- 5. Power Demand (kilowatts) Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop Typical Level 2 charger demand 5
- 6. Charge at Night (Late) Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • Adding a Level 2 charger can be like adding another house! = !!! • Delay charging to midnight - unplug by noon: > Reduces strain on transformer feeding your house > Reduces costs to procure energy > Reduces need and cost to upgrade distribution circuits and build new power plants > ….Everybody saves! 6
- 7. Demand (KW) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 8/5/2009 0:00 8/5/2009 1:45 8/5/2009 3:30 8/5/2009 5:15 8/5/2009 7:00 8/5/2009 8:45 8/5/2009 10:30 8/5/2009 12:15 Pasadena Water and Power 8/5/2009 14:00 8/5/2009 15:45 8/5/2009 17:30 7 8/5/2009 19:15 Date & Time 8/5/2009 21:00 8/5/2009 22:45 8/6/2009 0:30 Home Charging Scenarios 8/6/2009 2:15 8/6/2009 4:00 8/6/2009 5:45 8/6/2009 7:30 8/6/2009 9:15 Home Charging Scenarios Delayed Off Peak Electric Vehicle Workshop House Load Uncontrolled
- 8. Utility Infrastructure Impact Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • Sparse EV adoption will not be a problem • However… EV “clustering” can overload transformers 8
- 9. Cost of Gas vs Home Charging Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • 800 miles/month (9,600 miles per year) • Gasoline: $80-200 per month Vehicle Type Mileage $4/gallon $5/gallon Efficient Car 40 mpg $80 /month $100 /month Less Efficient 20 mpg $160 /month $200 /month • PWP Electricity: $35-70/month > EV efficiency: ~0.375 kWh/mile => 300 kWh/month > Electric costs varies significantly depending on your current electric usage > Time of Use (TOU) rates may reduce electric bills 9
- 10. Time of Use Rates Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • Rates reflect varying demand on electric system and costs to serve customers: > Time of day: “On Peak” (daytime) – highest energy use “Off Peak” (night) – lowest energy use periods > Season: Summer (June-Sept) – highest energy use Winter (Oct-May) – lowest energy use • Designed to encourage “Off Peak” energy use: > Lower costs, environmental impact > Increase system reliability 10
- 11. “Standard” TOU Rates (¢/kWh) Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • Customer pays for meter installation - $400+ • Could save $2.20/mo by charging Off Peak… Annual TOU Period Summer Winter Average On Peak 12.45¢ 8.89¢ 9.85¢ Off Peak 8.13¢ 7.89¢ 7.99¢ Flat Rate 9.32¢ 8.40¢ 8.73¢ 11
- 12. “Experimental” TOU Rates Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • Coming soon – watch PWPweb.com/EV • Limited time offer for Residential EV owners • May not be available for solar customers > Technology and billing issues must be resolved • Residential TOU meter installation fee waived • Rates are set relative to the regular “seasonal- flat” Residential electric rate: > Lower cost “discount rate” at night > Higher cost “premium rate” during the day > Same discount or premium every day of the year 12
- 13. “Experimental” TOU Rates Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • Two options choose from: > EV-1: Discounted night and morning rates are limited to a one year “trial period” > EV-2: Greater savings for charging at night… TOU Period EV-1 EV-2 Hours On Peak +0 ¢ +4 ¢ Noon - 9pm 8am – Noon Mid Peak -1 ¢ -2.5 ¢ 9pm – Midnt Off Peak -2 ¢ -4.5 ¢ Midnt – 8am Savings* ($/mo) $ 6/mo $ 13.5/mo *Savings vs flat rates when charging EV Off Peak 13
- 14. Experimental TOU Rates Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop Flat Rate 14
- 15. Demand (KW) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 8/5/2009 0:00 8/5/2009 1:45 8/5/2009 3:30 Off Peak 8/5/2009 5:15 (Midnt - 8am) 8/5/2009 7:00 8/5/2009 8:45 Mid Peak 8/5/2009 10:30 8/5/2009 12:15 Pasadena Water and Power 8/5/2009 14:00 8/5/2009 15:45 On Peak 8/5/2009 17:30 (Noon - 9pm) 15 8/5/2009 19:15 Date & Time 8/5/2009 21:00 Mid 8/5/2009 22:45 Peak 8/6/2009 0:30 Home Charging Scenarios 8/6/2009 2:15 8/6/2009 4:00 Off Peak 8/6/2009 5:45 (Midnt - 8am) 8/6/2009 7:30 8/6/2009 9:15 TOU Rates Encourage Off Peak Delayed Off Peak Charging and Household Energy Use Electric Vehicle Workshop House Load Uncontrolled
- 16. PWP Incentives Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • Residential Customers > No cash incentives for EV or charger > Free energy use audit upon EV purchase > “Bonus” incentives for energy efficiency retrofits > Experimental TOU rates with Off Peak discount > Waive TOU meter fee • Commercial Customers > Cash incentive of $500 for installing L2 chargers accessible to public, limited to retail, entertainment and hospitality locations (malls, restaurants, theaters, parking lots) 16
- 17. More Information Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • Pasadena Process and PWP Incentives > PWP Website: www.PWPweb.com/EV > PWP Answerline: 626-744-6970 • Other Resources 17
- 18. Summary Pasadena Water and Power Electric Vehicle Workshop • Plugging in to the grid at home > PWP can help with the process • Charge at night…late at night > Reduces costs and strain on infrastructure • Filling the tank with electricity > $35-70 per month for most residential customers • PWP Incentives > TOU rates and additional energy efficiency incentives • More Information > www.PWPweb.com/EV > Call the Answerline: 626-744-6970 18