The 30 hour Python training program covers the fundamentals of Python including installation, variables, functions, control flow statements, data structures, modules, file input/output, regular expressions, object-oriented programming concepts like classes and inheritance, integrating Python with other languages like C/C++, exception handling, debugging, and unittest frameworks. Hands-on exercises are included to practice working with lists, tuples, dictionaries, sets, file operations, regular expressions, classes, objects, inheritance and unit testing.