[Urban Management Program City Paper : Kathmandu, Nepal]

URBAN MANAGEMENT POLICIES
AND PRACTICE IN NEPAL
Bhagawan Aryal
Local Development Officer
Office of District Development
Committee,Pyuthan
Nepal

PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 Nepal at Glance
 Urban Policies and Legislations
 Three Year plan of Government of Nepal
 Institutional Arrangement
 Existing Scenario/Facts and Figure
 Urbanization Trend
 City Profile
 Challenges
 Future Prospects

NEPAL AT GLANCE
Total Area : 1,47,181 sq. Km
(0.03% of the world and 0.30% of Asia)
Total Population: 26.5 Million
Number of Household: 5.66 Million
Population growth rate: 1.35%
 Population Density: 180 per sq. km
 Urban population Density: 985 per sq.km
 Sex Ratio : 94.41 (Males per
hundred females)
 Urban Population: 25%,
 Rural Population: 75%

POLITICAL SYSTEM
 Before 1990s :- Panchayat Regime Led by King
 After 1990s (Peoples Movement 1st):- Multi
Party Democracy with constitutional Monarchy
 After 2006 (People's Movement 2nd):- Nepal
became Federal Democratic Republic

ECONOMIC INDICATORS
 Population Below Poverty Line : 25.16%
 Urban Poverty : 10% (Increased
8% to 10%)
 Annual Economic Growth Rate: 5.2%

POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
 Local Self Governance Act 1999
 Solid Waste Management Act.
 Town Development Act.
 Urban Development Policies.
 Housing Policies

THREE YEAR PLAN
Objectives
To develop safe, clean and prosperous cities with
adequate infrastructure.
Strategies
 Encourage private-sector investment in the
basic social and physical infrastructures of big
cities and towns, and
 Formulate proper programmes for developing
the urban infrastructure needed for the planned
development of villages which are emerging as
towns as well as for towns which are growing into
municipalities.

OPERATING POLICIES
Programmes operated by public-private
partnerships will be run to develop and advance
basic urban services.
Programmes to renovate and preserve important
historical, religious, cultural and touristic sites
lying in major urban areas will be initiated.
 Planned cities and settlements will be developed
in the vicinity of both major highways, including
the Mid-Hills Highway, and other roads which are
important from the perspective of economic
development.

...OPERATING POLICIES
Basic urban services will be gradually
developed and expanded in emerging towns,
And One c i t y wi l l be selec ted for
development as a model planned city with all
the necessary infrastructure.
 Sus tainable and s y s temat i c urban
d e v e l o pme n t p l a n s a n d s e t t l eme n t
development programmes will be executed.

...OPERATING POLICIES
 The infrastructure of regional megacities
and selected small towns will be developed in
an integrated fashion.
 Model projects wi l l be f ramed and
implemented to make the r i ver s of
Kathmandu Valley clean and green

INSTITUTIONAL
ARRANGEMENTS
 National Planning Commission
 Apex body of Planning chair by Prime Minister
 Sectoral Coordination
 Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local
Development
 Formulation of Urban policies and Plan
 Working as Focal Ministry of Municipality
 Assist and Technical Support to Municipality for
formulation of local level urban planning

… INSTITUTIONAL
ARRANGEMENTS
 Ministry of Urban Development
 Town Development Fund
 Solid Waste Management Board
 Kathmandu Valley Development Authority
 Office of District Development Committee
 Municipalities
 Town Development Committee

EXISTING SCENARIO/FACTS
AND FIGURE
Total Population: 2,64,94,504
No. of City Government : 130
Urban Population: 67,71,995
Current Urban Population: 25.56 %
Total Population growth rate : 1.35%
Urban Population Growth rate : 3.38%
Urban Poverty Rate : 15.5%

RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MUNICIPALITIES(CITY
GOVERNMENT)
Revenue Collection
Physical Development
Solid Waste Management
Envi ronmental issues and Hygiene and
Sanitation
Judicial Authority

RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MUNICIPALITIES(CITY
GOVERNMENT)
Education and Sports
Cultural Development
Urban Transportation
Health Service
Social Welfare
Industry and Tourism

URBANIZATION TREND IN
NEPAL
1971 1991 2001 2011 2014
No. of Municipality 16 33 58
Urban population 4,62,000 16,93,000 33,00,000 4523820
% of total population 4.1 9.1 15
Ur b a n p o p u l a t i o n
growth rate
17.07
3.23% 5.89% 6.91% 3.38%
130
25.56
58
67,71,995
3.38%

MUNICIPAL PROFILE OF
PYUTHAN
 Total Population : 38536
 Female : 20805
 Male : 17731
 House Hold : 9259
 Ward No : 16
 Area : 210 Sq. Km
 Population Density : 185 Per Sq.Km
 Literacy Rate : 71%
 Population Growth Rate : 1.05%
 Life Exectancy : 64 years

...MUNICIPAL PROFILE OF
PYUTHAN
 Human Development Index : 0.426
 Malnutrition : 42.5% (under 5yr)
 House hold with Safe drinking water : 78%
 Solid Waste Collected : 6 Ton Daily

URBAN ISSUES AND
CHALLENGES
Local election not held since 2002 which is
hindering the representation of political parties,
disadvantaged groups and women in the decision
making.
Internal revenue base becoming very weak, and
revenue rate cant be revised in the absence of
peoples rep in the spirit of no taxation without
representation

URBAN ISSUES AND
CHALLENGES
 Mismatch between growing demands of
municipal services and weak institutional
capacity as well as limited resource
mobilization.
 Absence of clear urban infrastructure and
investment plan, and issues of urban poverty
& other pertinent urban problems not taken
as yet seriously.

...URBAN ISSUES AND
CHALLENGES
 Growing dependency of municipalities on central
government for block grants due to fulfill so many
demands of the tax payers and inadequate
mobilization of resources.
 Double responsibilities to EOs to work as Mayor as
well as administrator, and their frequent transfer
from one city to another and even other ministries.
 Institutional development of 72 new municipalities
are even more challenging to enable them to deliver
minimum urban utility services to the people

...URBAN ISSUES AND
CHALLENGES
Decreasing employment opportunities due
to low level of urban investment and local
economic development programs or
activities.
A decade long internal conflict, unstable
government and lingering transition affected
the overall development process and
economic growth in the country.

OPPORTUNITIES
New constitution likely to guaranty constitutional
provision of Municipalities as a third tier of govt.,
and State Restructuring Committee will define the
share of resources and coordination mechanism
with state govt.
The political parties and government have shown
their commitment to hold local election very soon
to end the vacuum of peoples representation at
the local level.

...OPPORTUNITIES
 MoFALD & National Planning Commission
gradually giving importance to growing
urban challenges.
 72 new municipalities will contribute to
increase GDP by mobilizing their resources.
 National Urban Development Strategy &
Urban Poverty Policy being drafted by the
government can address the needs of the
urban poor and other burning urban issues.

...OPPORTUNITIES
Formula based grant allocation system
(MCPM) will increase competitiveness among
municipalities and increase their performance

WAY FORWARD
Completion of Landfill site Construction.
Preparation of Master plan& Land use plan.
Community composting system being started.
Increasing awareness regarding environmental
issues.

...WAY FORWARD
Increase cooperation among public, private
and community level.
Proper enforcement of law.
Capacitate the Human Resource.

LUMBINI BIRTH PLACE OF LORD
BUDDHA

THANK YOU
Comments and Suggestions are Welcome

[Urban Management Program City Paper : Kathmandu, Nepal]

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[Urban Management Program City Paper : Kathmandu, Nepal]