Quantum Computing
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- Quantum computing utilizes qubits that can represent multiple states simultaneously, unlike classical bits which are either 0 or 1. IBM plans to release a 1,000-qubit chip in 2023. Quantum computing could enable more accurate weather forecasts, better drug development, and optimization problems. While still early, potential applications include artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and materials discovery. Challenges include errors from interference and needing extreme cooling, while opportunities exist in industries like manufacturing and banking. India is actively researching quantum computing to gain economic benefits and focus on strategic initiatives of the fourth industrial revolution.
Quantum Computing
- 2. WHY AND WHEN QUANTUM COMPUTER CAME INTO EXISTENCE?
- 3. ■ 1998 ■ David Deutsch, father of quantum computing ■ Quantum computing can improve research and development, supply-chain optimization, and production ■ More Accurate Weather Forecasts: With so many variables to consider, accurate weather forecasts are difficult to produce. Machine learning using quantum computers will result in improved pattern recognition, making it easier to predict extreme weather events and potentially saving thousands of lives a year. ■ Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras and the Harish-Chandra Research Institute (HRI) in Allahabad also have active research programs in quantum computing. ■ Quantum computing utilizes qubits, which can represent multiple states simultaneously, combining both 0 and 1. ■ IBM is continuing to release new versions of its quantum computing technologies, and plans to release a 1,000-qubit chip, Condor, at the end of 2023.
- 4. 10 QUANTUM COMPUTING APPLICATIONS TO KNOW ■ Artificial intelligence ■ Better batteries ■ Cleaner fertilization ■ Cybersecurity ■ Drug development ■ Electronic materials discovery ■ Financial modeling ■ Solar capture ■ Traffic optimization ■ Weather forecasting and climate change
- 5. CLASSICAL VS QUANTUM COMPUTERS
- 6. Super vs Quantum Computers ■ Quantum computers are still in the early stages of development and are not yet able to perform many of the tasks that traditional computers can. They are also expensive to build and maintain and require specialized expertise to operate. ■ Supercomputers, can be expensive to build and maintain. they are generally easier to use and more widely available than quantum computers. They also tend to be more reliable and have longer lifespans than quantum computers. ■ quantum computers and supercomputers are both powerful tools that have the potential to solve complex problems and drive scientific and technological progress. While they have some similarities, they are also quite different and are best suited to different types of tasks.
- 7. IBM Q – System One World first general-purpose Commercial Quantum computer 20 qubits Shipping in early 2019 Cloud-only
- 8. What is Quantum Computer? ■ Quantum computer comprises aspects of computer science, physics, and mathematics that utilizes quantum mechanics to solve complex problems faster than on classical computers. ■ Some applications where quantum computers can provide such a speed boost include machine learning (ML), optimization of physical systems. ■ Quantum Computer use Qbits to perform tasks.
- 9. History ■ 1982 - Feynman proposed the idea of creating machines based on the laws of quantum mechanics instead of the laws of classical physics. ■ 1985 - David Deutsch developed the Quantum Turing Machine, showing that quantum circuits are universal. ■ 1994 - Peter Shor came up with a quantum algorithm to factor very large numbers in polynomial time. ■ 1997 - Lov Grover develops a quantum search algorithm.
- 10. What is a qubit? ■ Quantum bits, or qubits, are represented by quantum particles. ■ Qubits in quantum computers are analogous to bits in classical computers. ■ In classical computing, a bit is an electronic signal that is either on or off. The value of the classical bit can thus be one (on) or zero (off). However, because the qubit is based on the laws of quantum mechanics it can be placed in a superposition of states. ■ Quantum mechanics is the area of physics that studies the behavior of particles at a microscopic level. Quantum computers take advantage of these behaviors to perform computations in a completely new way.
- 11. What is a qubit (Contd.)
- 12. How do companies use quantum computing? ■ ML: Machine learning (ML) is the process of analyzing vast quantities of data to help computers make better predictions and decisions. ■ Optimization: Quantum computing can improve research and development, supply-chain optimization, and production. ■ Simulation: current supercomputers cannot achieve the level of accuracy that these simulations demand. For example, Pasqal built their QUBEC computational software to run chemistry simulations. QUBEC automates the heavy lifting necessary to run quantum computational tasks from automatic provisioning of the computing infrastructure to running pre- and post- processing classical calculations and performing error mitigation tasks.
- 14. How can AWS help with quantum computing? Amazon Braket is a fully managed quantum computing service. It is designed to help speed up scientific research and software development for quantum computing. ■ Build quantum projects on a trusted cloud with straightforward pricing and management controls for both quantum and classical technology. ■ Innovate quickly with expert guidance and tech support, or collaborate with consultants in the Amazon Quantum Solutions Lab. ■ Push the boundaries of quantum hardware research with access to trapped ion, superconducting, photonic, and annealing devices.
- 15. Applications of Quantum Computer ■ The quantum computers will revolutionize the drug discovery. ■ We could fire up some AI agents on those quantum computers andmake them create better instances of themselves ■ ImportantApplications ofQuantumComputing : WeatherForecasting FinancialModeling MolecularModeling
- 16. The challenges of Quantum Computing ■ First, quantum computers are highly prone to interference that leads to errors in quantum algorithms running on it. ■ Second, most quantum computers cannot function without being super-cooled to a little above absolute zero since heat generates error or noise in qubits. Expanding quantum computing will increase ecological footprint. ■ India lacks the capability to domestically manufacture most of the components/hardware used in quantum computing. It is another strategic sector where India is import-dependent. ■ India should cooperate with the private sector and friendly nations who are working to address the critical bottlenecks of quantum computing
- 17. Why should India focus on Quantum Computing? ■ Industrial revolution 4.0: Quantum computing is an integral part of Industrial revolution 4.0. Success in it will help in Strategic initiatives aimed at leveraging other Industrial revolution 4.0 technologies like the Internet-of- Things, Machine Learning, robotics, and artificial intelligence across sectors and lay the foundation of the Knowledge economy. ■ Economic Benefits: The adoption of quantum technologies across industries could potentially add US$ 280–310 billion value to the Indian economy by 2030. Manufacturing, high-tech, banking, and defence sectors will remain at the forefront of quantum-led innovation,