Quantum computers

Quantum Computers
Prepared by
Mitul Mohapatra

Quantum Computers
 Quantum computers are computational systems which makes direct
use of quantum states of subatomic particles to manipulate data
 Are different from binary digital electronic computers based on
transistors while this uses “Qu-bits”
 It takes advantage of the strange ability of subatomic particles to
exist in more than one state at any time

Why Quantum Computers?
 Humans heavily rely on computers to share
information and store data
 Classical computers use lot of power
 Classical computers makes use of transistors which
are approaching towards atomic measures
 Storing data requires lots of memory and space

Terms related to quantum computers
 Qubits
 Quantum superposition
 Quantum entanglement

Qubits
 The term “Qubit” was coined by Benjamin Schumacher
 Qubit is a unit of quantum information
 A qubit is a two-state quantum-mechanical system, here the two
states are vertical polarization and horizontal polarization
 The qubit is in a superposition of both states at the same time, a
property that is fundamental to quantum computing

Superposition
 Quantum superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum
mechanics
 It states that, any two or more quantum states can be added together
(superposed) and the result will be another valid quantum state; and
conversely, that every quantum state can be represented as a sum of
two or more other distinct states
 Qubits work on the same superposition principle

Entanglement
 When pairs or groups of qubits interact in ways such that the
quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of
the each other
 A close connection makes each of the
qubits react to the change in other state
instantaneously
 One can deduce properties of other qubits no matter how far they
are.

Achievements
 Last year, a team of Google and NASA scientists
developed a “D-wave quantum computer” which is
100 million times faster than a conventional
computer
 The IBM Quantum Experience (QX) enables
anyone to easily connect to IBM’s quantum
processor via the IBM Cloud

Achievements
D- Wave Quantum Computer

Advantages
 Efficient use of power
 Greater computational speeds
 Higher accuracy rates
 Less requirement of space
 Compact design and structure

Disadvantages
 Quantum processors are quite unstable
 Moving quantum computing to an industrial scale
is difficult
 Can easily decode classical public/private
algorithms
 Very complex operations

Quantum computers

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Quantum computers