Questions: The Foot
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The document discusses various muscles and tendons of the foot, providing details about their attachments, innervation, and functions. It includes multiple questions and answers regarding specific muscle characteristics, highlighting the roles of different muscles such as the tibialis posterior, gastrocnemius, and peroneus brevis. Additionally, it addresses anatomical relationships and misconceptions related to these structures.
Questions: The Foot
- 2. The highlighted muscle is 1 Abductor digiti minimi 2 In the 1st layer of the foot 3 Flexor digiti minimi 4 Supplied by the medial plantar nerve 5 Attached to the cuboid Question 1 - foot
- 3. The highlighted muscle is 1 Abductor digiti minimi T 2 In the 1st layer of the foot T 3 Flexor digiti minimi F 4 Supplied by the medial plantar nerve F 5 Attached to the cuboid F This is abductor digiti minimi which attaches to the lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe and is supplied by the lateral plantar nerve. Question 1 - foot
- 4. The following structures run deep to the flexor retinaculum of the foot: 1 saphenous nerve 2 tibialis posterior tendon 3 tibialis anterior tendon 4 posterior tibial artery 5 long saphenous vein Question 2 - foot
- 5. The following structures run deep to the flexor retinaculum of the foot: 1 saphenous nerve F 2 tibialis posterior tendon T 3 tibialis anterior tendon F 4 posterior tibial artery T 5 long saphenous vein F Tibialis anterior is in the anterior compartment of the leg and has no relationship to the flexor retinaculum. The saphenous nerve and long saphenous vein run anterior to the medial malleolus. The flexor retinaculum runs backwards and downwards from its attachment on the medial malleolus. Thus the nerve and vein are considerably anterior to the flexor retinaculum. Question 2 - foot
- 6. Concerning tendo calcaneus 1 it is the largest tendon in the body 2 it receives two muscles, both of which are innervated by the tibial nerve 3 it is inserted onto the inferior surface of the calcaneus 4 it is separated from the ankle joint by a pad of fat 5 it frequently has a bursa on its posterior surface Question 3 - foot
- 7. Concerning tendo calcaneus 1 it is the largest tendon in the body T 2 it receives two muscles, both of which are innervated by the tibial nerve T 3 it is inserted onto the inferior surface of the calcaneus F 4 it is separated from the ankle joint by a pad of fat T 5 it frequently has a bursa on its posterior surface T Gastrocnemius and soleus are both innervated by the tibial nerve. Tendo calcaneus is inserted onto the posterior surface of calcaneus, not inferior surface. The fat pad is called Kager’s fat pad in orthopaedic literature. Question 3 - foot
- 8. The highlighted tendon 1 Is supplied by the tibial nerve 2 Is called tibialis anterior 3 Everts the foot 4 Attaches to the talus 5 Is supplied by the deep peroneal nerve Question 4- foot
- 9. The highlighted tendon 1 Is supplied by the tibial nerve T 2 Is called tibialis anterior F 3 Everts the foot F 4 Attaches to the talus F 5 Is supplied by the deep peroneal nerve F This is the tendon of tibialis posterior which attaches predominantly to the navicular bone. It sends extensions to all the tarsal bones except the talus. It inverts the foot and supports the medial longitudinal arch. Question 4- foot
- 10. Complete transection of the sciatic nerve at the level of the greater sciatic foramen will be followed by: 1 inability to extend the knee 2 failure of active plantar flexion of foot 3 failure of active eversion of the foot 4 anaesthesia over the medial aspect of the leg 5 anaesthesia over the dorsum of foot Question 5 - foot
- 11. Complete transection of the sciatic nerve at the level of the greater sciatic foramen will be followed by: 1 inability to extend the knee F 2 failure of active plantar flexion of foot T 3 failure of active eversion of the foot T 4 anaesthesia over the medial aspect of the leg F 5 anaesthesia over the dorsum of foot T Quadriceps femoris, the extensor of the knee, is supplied by the femoral nerve, not sciatic nerve. The cutaneous innervation over the medial aspect of the leg is by the saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve. Question 5 - foot
- 12. Concerning movements of the ankle and foot: 1 tibialis anterior is a dorsiflexor of the ankle joint and invertor of the foot 2 peroneus brevis is a plantar flexor of the ankle joint and invertor of the foot 3 peroneus tertius is a dorsiflexor of the ankle joint and evertor of the foot 4 tibialis posterior is a plantarflexor of the ankle joint and invertor of the foot 5 soleus is a plantarflexor of the ankle joint and invertor of the foot Question 6 - foot
- 13. Concerning movements of the ankle and foot: 1 tibialis anterior is a dorsiflexor of the ankle joint and invertor of the foot T 2 peroneus brevis is a plantar flexor of the ankle joint and invertor of the foot F 3 peroneus tertius is a dorsiflexor of the ankle joint and evertor of the foot T 4 tibialis posterior is a plantarflexor of the ankle joint and invertor of the foot T 5 soleus is a plantarflexor of the ankle joint and invertor of the foot F Peroneus brevis is indeed a weak plantarflexor of the ankle but it is an evertor of the foot. Soleus is a plantar flexor of the ankle joint; however it can neither evert nor invert the foot. Question 6 - foot
- 14. With regard to the highlighted structure 1 These are the tendons of flexor digitorum longus 2 The tendons pass deep to the flexor retinaculum 3 The muscle is supplied by the deep peroneal nerve 4 The muscle attaches to the shaft of the tibia 5 This muscle extends the toes 2-5 Question 7 - foot
- 15. With regard to the highlighted structure 1 These are the tendons of flexor digitorum longus F 2 The tendons pass deep to the flexor retinaculum F 3 The muscle is supplied by the deep peroneal nerve T 4 The muscle attaches to the shaft of the tibia F 5 This muscle extends the toes 2-5 T These are the tendons of extensor digitorum longus which originates from the shaft of the fibula and passes under the extensor retinaculum to insert onto the extensor expansion of toes 2-5. Question 7 - foot
- 16. The following muscles are part of the 3rd layer of the foot 1 Abductor hallucis longus 2 Flexor digiti minimi 3 Flexor digitorum brevis 4 Lumbricals 5 Adductor hallucis Question 8 - foot
- 17. The following muscles are part of the 3rd layer of the foot 1 Abductor hallucis longus F 2 Flexor digiti minimi T 3 Flexor digitorum brevis F 4 Lumbricals F 5 Adductor hallucis T Abductor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum brevis are in the 1st layer of muscles and the lumbricals are in the 2nd layer. Question 8 - foot
- 18. The highlighted muscle in red is 1 Flexor accessorius 2 Flexor digitorum brevis 3 Supplied by the lateral plantar nerve 4 Quadratus plantae 5 In the 2nd layer of the foot Question 9 - foot
- 19. The highlighted muscle in red is 1 Flexor accessorius T 2 Flexor digitorum brevis F 3 Supplied by the lateral plantar nerve T 4 Quadratus plantae T 5 In the 2nd layer of the foot T This muscle is flexor digitorum accessorius also known as quadratus plantae (especially in the USA and Canada). It assists flexor digitorum longus to flex toes 2-5 when ankle joint is plantarflexed. Question 9 - foot
- 20. The following muscles are attached to the calcaneus 1 Plantaris 2 Popliteus 3 Soleus 4 Flexor digiti minimi brevis 5 Abductor digiti minimi Question 10 - foot
- 21. The following muscles are attached to the calcaneus 1 Plantaris T 2 Popliteus F 3 Soleus T 4 Flexor digiti minimi brevis F 5 Abductor digiti minimi T Flexor digiti minimi brevis originates from the base of the 5th metatarsal and inserts onto the lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of 5th toe. Popliteus is found at the back of the knee joint. Soleus and Gastrocnemius, through the tendo calcaneus, are attached to the calcaneus. Question 10 - foot