Quick beginner to Lower-Advanced guide/tutorial in PHP

What is PHP?
➔ Personal Home Page is now Hypertext
Preprocessor
➔ Server-side Scripting language
➔ Installed on more than 240 million websites and
2.1 million web servers
➔ Open Source

What you need
➔ A Basic Knowledge in HTML
➔ A Server
➔ A Computer
➔ And a lot of Caffeine

Hello World
<?php
echo "<h1>Hello World!</h1>";
?>

<html>
<head>
<title>My first PHP page</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo "<h1>Hello World!</h1>";
?>
</body>
</html>

Date and Time
date("y") Year
date("m/n") Month
date("F") Month in Words
date("d") Date
date("l") Weekday
date("H") Hour
date("i") Minute
date("s") Seconds

Important Lesson to take Back
● You Concatenate in PHP with a “ . “
● There are functions for dates that you can simply use
● What you can do with PHP is simply upto your imagination.
You think i’m Wrong?
Do you think you can make a website with
different background images each day of
the week and that works in all browsers?

Solution
<body background="background_<?php echo date("w"); ?>.png">
</body>
ITS FUN…!!! RIGHT???

Variables
➔ Starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable
➔ Name must start with a letter or the underscore character
➔ Cannot start with a number
➔ Can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
➔ Names are case sensitive ($y and $Y are two different variables)
ALSO
PHP is a Loosely Type Language

<?php
$txt="Hello world!";
$x=5;
$y=10.5;
?>

Loops
While
$x = 1;
while ($x <= 50) {
echo "<p>This text is repeated 50 times</p>";
$x = $x + 1;
}

Loops
FOR
for ($x=0; $x<=50; $x=$x+5) {
echo '<p>variable $x is now = ' . $x . '</p>';
}

Conditions
IF
if (condition) {
statement
}
if ... else ...
if (condition) {
statement
}
else {
statement
}
switch ... case
switch (expression) {
case 1:
statement
break;
case 2:
statement
break;
default:
statement
break;
}

Arrays
explode(“,”,listname)
eg: $months=”jan,feb,mar”;
$arr_month=explode(“,”,$months);
array()
eg: $arr_month=array(“jan”,”feb”,”mar”);

Looping in Array
for loop
eg: for ($x=0; $x<3; $x++) {
echo $arr_month[$x];
}
foreach Loop
eg: foreach($arr_months as $x) {
echo $x
}

FUNCTIONS
1.One Variable
2.More than one Variable

SUPERGLOBALS
$GLOBALS
$GLOBALS['<varname>']
eg: $x = 10;
$y = 20;
function addition() {
$GLOBALS['z'] = $GLOBALS['x'] + $GLOBALS['y'];
}

SUPERGLOBALS
$_SERVER
$_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];
$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
$_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'];
$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];

SUPERGLOBALS
$_REQUEST
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">
<input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit">
</form>
<?php
$name = $_REQUEST['fname'];
echo $name;
?>

SUPERGLOBALS
$_GET
get.php?name=sanju&email=sanjukurian13@gmail.com
<?php
echo “my name is “ . $_GET[‘name’] . ”and email id is “ . $_GET[‘id’];
?>

SUPERGLOBALS
$_POST
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">
Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
</form>
<?php
$name = $_POST['fname'];
echo $name;
?>AT

FORM HANDLING - POST
CREATE A SIMPLE FORM THAT TAKES INPUT “NAME” AND “EMAIL ID”
<form action="welcome.php" method="post">
Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
E-mail: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
</form>
welcome.php
Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?><br>
Your email address is: <?php echo $_POST["email"]; ?>

FORM HANDLING - GET
CREATE A SIMPLE FORM THAT TAKES INPUT “NAME” AND “EMAIL ID”
<form action="welcome.php" method="get">
Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
E-mail: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
</form>
welcome.php
Welcome <?php echo $_GET["name"]; ?><br>
Your email address is: <?php echo $_GET["email"]; ?>

POST vs GET
❏ Both GET and POST create an array
(e.g. array( key => value, key2 => value2, key3 => value3, ...))
❏ Both are superglobals
❏ $_GET is an array of variables passed to the current script via the URL parameters.
❏ $_POST is an array of variables passed to the current script via the HTTP POST method.
When to use GET and POST
GET : When char < 2000 ;
visibility != issue;
bookmarking = possible;
POST : char = Infinity ;
while (char=sensitive || char==passwords);
Visibility = issue; bookmarking = not_possible;

FILE Handling
PHP readfile()
<?php
echo readfile(“sample.txt");
?>

FILE Handling
Open File - fopen()
Ex:
$myfile = fopen(“sample.txt", "r") or die("Unable to open file!");
r Open a file for read only.
w Open a file for write only. Erases the contents of the file or creates a new file if it
doesn't exist.
a Open a file for write only. The existing data in file is preserved.
x Creates a new file for write only.
r+ Open a file for read/write.
w+ Open a file for read/write. Erases the contents of the file or creates a new file if it
doesn't exist. File pointer starts at the beginning of the file
a+ Open a file for read/write. The existing data in file is preserved. File pointer starts at
the end of the file. Creates a new file if the file doesn't exist
x+ Creates a new file for read/write. Returns FALSE and an error if file already exists

FILE Handling
Close File - fclose()
Eg: fclose($myfile);
Read File – fread(pointer, maxFileSizeToRead);
Eg: fread($myfile,filesize("webdictionary.txt"));
Read Single Line - fgets()
Eg: echo fgets($myfile);
Check End-Of-File - feof()
Eg: while(!feof($myfile)) {
echo fgets($myfile) . "<br>";
}
Read Single Character - fgetc()
Eg: while(!feof($myfile)) {
echo fgetc($myfile);
}

FILE Handling
Create File - fopen()
Eg: $myfile = fopen("testfile.txt", "w")
If you use fopen() on a file that does not exist, it will create it, given that the file
is opened for writing (w) or appending (a).
Write to File - fwrite()
Eg: $txt = "John Doen";
fwrite($myfile, $txt);

Somethings I Missed OUT
SORTING AN ARRAY
$mark=array("Physics"=>“78",“Maths"=>“87",“Chem"=>“56");
sort() - sort arrays in ascending order
rsort() - sort arrays in descending order
asort() - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the value
ksort() - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the key
arsort() - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the value
krsort() - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the key

Hands-On
Try
 SERVER Commands
 Create a form to read Email, and details about user and display it in same page
and different page using GET,POST and REQUEST
 Create a file using PHP and then store data in it. Read the data and try using
other file handlers
 Laugh on Monday, laugh for danger.
Laugh on Tuesday, kiss a stranger.
Laugh on Wednesday, laugh for a letter.
Laugh on Thursday, something better.
Laugh on Friday, laugh for sorrow.
Laugh on Saturday, joy tomorrow.

Hands-On
 Create a dictionary that can
Store data to dictionary.txt as Key=Value
Check for a word
 Create a Guessing game.
Use rand(min,max)

TABLES
100 200
400 500
<table>
<tr>
<td>100</td>
<td>200</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>400</td>
<td>500</td>
</tr>
</table>

FORM VALIDATION
say,we have
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"];?>">
for a page test.php, we get
<form method="post" action="test.php">
SO what if someone enters
test.php/%22%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert('hacked')%3C/script%3E
We get,
<form method="post" action="test.php"/><script>alert('hacked')</script>

How to avoid $_SERVER[“PHP_SELF”]
Exploits?
htmlspecialchars()
<form method="post" action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]);?>">
So Now,
<script>alert('hacked')</script> Becomes "><script>alert('hacked')</script>
Instead of showing an alert it just displays the text as it is. Just plain text

Lets try it out
Also remember,
● Trim White spaces
● Remove Backlashes
$data = trim($data);
$data = stripslashes($data);
$data = htmlspecialchars($data);
return $data;

FORM - REQUIRED FIELDS
QUITE SIMPLE:
if (empty($_POST["name"])) {
$nameErr = "Name is required";
and then display it with the text form
<span class="error">* <?php echo $nameErr;?></span>

FORM - KEEPING VALUES
To Keep values even after pressing the “SUBMIT” Button
Just add a new parameter
value="<?php echo $name;?>"
And for Gender add
Gender:
<input type="radio" name="gender"
<?php if (isset($gender) && $gender=="female") echo "checked";?> value="female">Female
<input type="radio" name="gender"
<?php if (isset($gender) && $gender=="male") echo "checked";?> value="male">Male

SOME TERMS TO KNOW
Database
Column
Table
Redundancy
Row
Primary Key
Foreign Key
Index
Compound Key

MYSQL Database
MYSQL
❏ open-source license
❏ very powerful program
❏ uses a standard form of the well-known SQL data language
❏ works on many operating systems and with many languages including PHP,C,C++,JAVA,etc
❏ very quickly and works well even with large data sets
❏ very friendly to PHP
❏ supports large databases, up to 50 million rows or more in a table
❏ is customizable

Setting up a USER account in MYSQL

PHP Function for MYSQL
SYNTAX:
mysql_function(value,value,...);
Like
mysql_connect($connect);
mysql_query($connect,"SQL statement");

So, it will look something like,
<html>
<body>
<?php
$retval = mysql_function(value, [value,...]);
if( !$retval )
{
die ( "Error: a related error message" );
}
// Otherwise MySQL or PHP Statements
?>
</body>
</html>

MYSQL CONNECTION
SYNTAX:
connection mysql_connect(server,user,passwd,new_link,client_flag);
server Optional - The host name running database server. If not specified, then default
value is localhost:3036.
user Optional - The username accessing the database.
passwd Optional - The password of the user accessing the database.
new_link Optional - If a second call is made to mysql_connect() with the same arguments, no
new connection will be established; instead, the identifier of the already opened
connection will be returned.
client_flags Optional - A combination of the following constants:
● MYSQL_CLIENT_SSL - Use SSL encryption
● MYSQL_CLIENT_COMPRESS - Use compression protocol
● MYSQL_CLIENT_IGNORE_SPACE - Allow space after function names
● MYSQL_CLIENT_INTERACTIVE - Allow interactive timeout seconds of inactivity
before closing the connection

<html>
<head>
<title>Connecting MySQL Server</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'guest';
$dbpass = 'guest123';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
mysql_close($conn);
?>
</body>
</html>

CREATE DATABASE
SYNTAX:
mysql_query( sql, connection )
sql Required - SQL query to create or delete a MySQL database
CREATE DATABASE WORKSHOP
connection Optional - if not specified, then last opened connection by
mysql_connect will be used.

<html><body>
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
if(! $conn )
{
}
echo 'Connected successfully<br />';
$sql = 'CREATE DATABASE TUTORIALS';
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not create database: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "Database TUTORIALS created successfullyn";
mysql_close($conn);
?>
</body></html>

SELECT DATABASE
SYNTAX:
mysql_select_db( db_name, connection );
db_name Required - Database name to be selected
Connection Optional - if not specified then last opend connection by mysql_connect
will be used.

<?php
$dbuser = 'guest';
$dbpass = 'guest123';
if(! $conn )
{
}
mysql_select_db( 'test_db' );
mysql_close($conn);
?>

<?php
$dbuser = 'root';
if(! $conn ) {
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error()); }
$sql = 'CREATE TABLE employee( '. 'emp_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, '.
'emp_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, '.
'emp_address VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, '.
'emp_salary INT NOT NULL, '.
'join_date timestamp(14) NOT NULL, '.
'primary key ( emp_id ))';
mysql_select_db('test_db');
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not create table: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "Table employee created successfullyn";
mysql_close($conn);
?>

DELETE DATABASE
<?php
$dbuser = 'root';
if(! $conn )
{
}
$sql = 'DROP DATABASE test_db';
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not delete database db_test: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "Database deleted successfullyn";
mysql_close($conn); ?>

Deleting a Table
<?php
$dbuser = 'root';
if(! $conn )
{
}
$sql = 'DROP TABLE employee';
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not delete table employee: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "Table deleted successfullyn";
mysql_close($conn);
?>

Insert into
<?php $dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
if(! $conn )
{
}
$sql = 'INSERT INTO employee '. '(emp_name,emp_address, emp_salary, join_date) '.
'VALUES ( "guest", "XYZ", 2000, NOW() )';
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not enter data: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "Entered data successfullyn";
mysql_close($conn);
?>

Getting Data From MySQL Database
mysql_fetch_array() - MYSQL_ASSOC and MYSQL_NUM
<?php
if(! $conn ) {
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error()); }
$sql = 'SELECT emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary FROM employee';
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error()); }
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC)) {
echo "EMP ID :{$row['emp_id']} <br> ".
"EMP NAME : {$row['emp_name']} <br> ".
"EMP SALARY : {$row['emp_salary']} <br> ";
}
mysql_free_result($retval);
echo "Fetched data successfullyn";
mysql_close($conn); ?>

UPDATE DATABASE
$emp_id = $_POST['emp_id'];
$emp_salary = $_POST['emp_salary'];
$sql = "UPDATE employee ".
"SET emp_salary = $emp_salary ".
"WHERE emp_id = $emp_id" ;
DELETE VALUES
$emp_id = $_POST['emp_id'];
$sql = "DELETE FROM employee ".
"WHERE emp_id = $emp_id" ;
ORDER BY
SELECT * FROM Persons ORDER BY age

MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAY
ARUN 97 93
KIRAN 87 85
SAM 67 89
RAMU 54 67
$student= array
(
array(“ARUN",97,93),
array("KIRAN",87,85),
array("SAM",67,89),
array("RAMU",54,67)
);
<?php
for ($row = 0; $row < 4; $row++)
{
echo "<p><b>STUDENT number $row</b></p>";
for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++)
{
echo $student[$row][$col];
}
}
?>

Sending Mail
mail ( to , subject , message , headers , parameters )
Parameter Description
to Required. Specifies the recipient's email address(es)
subject Required. Specifies the email's subject line. Note: This parameter
cannot contain any newline characters
message Required. Specifies the actual email body (the message to be sent).
Each line should be separated with a LF (n). Lines should not
exceed 70 characters
headers Optional. Specifies additional headers such as "From", "Cc", "Bcc",
etc. The additional headers should be separated with a CRLF (rn)
parameters Optional. Specifies any additional parameters

Creating a Cookie
Syntax
setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain);
<?php
setcookie("user", "Alex Porter", time()+3600);
?>

Retrieve a Cookie Value
Syntax
$_COOKIE
<?php
// Print a cookie
echo $_COOKIE["user"];
// A way to view all cookies
print_r($_COOKIE);
?>

PHP Sessions
Starting a Session
session_start();
Storing a Session Variable
$_SESSION['views']=1;
Destroying a Session
if(isset($_SESSION['views']))
unset($_SESSION['views']);
OR
To delete all session data
session_destroy();

Working with ZIP files
<?php
$zip = zip_open("test.zip");
if ($zip)
{
while ($zip_entry = zip_read($zip))
{
echo "<p>";
echo "Name: " . zip_entry_name($zip_entry) . "<br />";
if (zip_entry_open($zip, $zip_entry))
{
echo "File Contents:<br/>";
$contents = zip_entry_read($zip_entry);
echo "$contents<br />";
zip_entry_close($zip_entry);
}
echo "</p>"; }
zip_close($zip);
} ?>

PHP SimpleXML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<note>
<to>Mea</to>
<from>Sanju</from>
<heading>Just Saying</heading>
<body>Loved Ma week at MEA!</body>
</note>
<?php
$xml=simplexml_load_file("note.xml");
print_r($xml);
?>
SimpleXMLElement Object ( [to] => mea [from] => Sanju[heading] => Just Saying [body] => Loved Ma week at MEA! <?php OUTPUT
$xml=simplexml_load_file("note.xml"); Mea
echo $xml->to . "<br>"; Sanju
echo $xml->from . "<br>"; Just Saying
echo $xml->heading . "<br>"; Loved ma week at MEA!
echo $xml->body;
?>

<?php
$xml=simplexml_load_file("note.xml");
echo $xml->getName() . "<br>";
foreach($xml->children() as $child) {
echo $child->getName() . ": " . $child . "<br>";
}
?>
note
to: Mea
from: Sanju
heading: Just saying…
body: Loved Ma weekend at Mea…!!!

KEEP IN TOUCH…!!!
SANJU SONY KURIAN
about.me/sanjukurian
sanjukurian13@gmail.com
09496805304
fb.com/sanjukurian

Quick beginner to Lower-Advanced guide/tutorial in PHP

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