Radiotherapy technique
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1. The document discusses various radiotherapy techniques including conventional 2D radiotherapy, conformal radiotherapy, IMRT, VMAT, and stereotactic radiotherapy. 2. Conformal radiotherapy uses multiple beams and CT imaging to more accurately delineate the tumor and organs at risk compared to conventional 2D radiotherapy. 3. IMRT and VMAT (volumetric modulated arc therapy) further improve dose conformity to the tumor compared to conformal radiotherapy by modulating the intensity of the radiation beams.
Radiotherapy technique
- 1. Radiotherapy techniques DR/Saeed Albehairy Lecturer of clinical oncology, BNS University MD of clinical oncology, Cairo University u
- 2. • Either 1. Conventional ( 2D) 2. Conformal 3D(dimension) IMRT(intensity modulated radiotherapy) VMAT (volumetric modulated arc therapy) sor rapid arc SRS,SBRTH(stereotactic)
- 3. Conventional RTH • simple method for delineation • Clinical +/- simple imaging as x-ray check film or simulator • Small number of fields as AP-PA, direct, or 2 lateral fields with X-Y only • Manual or MLC based blocks • Advantages: simple, rapid • Disadvantages: not accurate ( high normal tissue dose) • Can be used for palliative rth
- 4. X Y X Y
- 5. LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL RT 1.Uncertainties in delineation of true spatial extent of disease 2.Inadequate knowledge of exact shape & location of normal structures. 3.Lack of tools for efficient planning & delivery 4.Limitations in producing optimal dose distributions. These limitations results in 1.Incorporation of large safety margins 2.Tumor dose often has to be compromised to prevent normal tissue complications leading to higher probability of local failures
- 6. Conformal • CT serial guided delineation • Use MLC for blocks usually • Many fields are used 3 or more • DVH is used to assess dose to both target and OARs • DRR is used for simulation verification • Advantages: More accurate with delineation of both target volume and OARs.( less side effects) • Disadvantages: complicated, time wasting • Can be used for definitive, neo(adjuvant) or palliative rth
- 7. Types of Conformal Radiation • Two broad subtypes : Techniques aiming to employ geometric field shaping alone( 3D-CRT) Techniques to modulate the intensity of fluence across the geometrically shaped field (IMRT)
- 9. WHAT IS 3-D CRT • To plan & deliver treatment based on 3D anatomic information. such that resultant dose distribution conforms to the target volume closely in terms of Adequate dose to tumor & Minimum dose to normal tissues. • The 3D CRT plans generally use Increased number of radiation beams to improve dose conformation and conventional beam modifiers (e.g., wedges and/or compensating filters) are used.
- 10. ADVANTAGES OF IMRT • To improve target dose uniformity • To selectively avoid critical structures & normal tissues. • To deliver higher than conventional doses. • To create concave iso-dose surfaces or low-dose areas surrounded by high dose. • Focal dose escalation to specific sub volumes in the target volume .i.e. SIB • Better sparing of critical structures specially during re-irradiation..
- 11. Disadvantages of IMRT • Long planning and treatment time, so; • 1- more costy • 2- time wasting • 3- more machine malfunctions • 4-Less treated patients.
- 12. Number of beams in IMRT compared to 3D??????????????? • 1- more • 2- less • 3- no difference • Answer: 1
- 14. VMAT(Rapid Arc) • Differ than IMRT is that during Arc therapy, machine rotate and beam on during rotation • It may be full or half arc • One or more arcs can be given
- 15. VMAT Half Arc
- 16. Full Arc
- 17. Treatment time in Rapid arc compared to IMRT????????????????????????????? 1. Long 2. Short 3. Equal Answer:2
- 18. VOLUME DEFINITION • The Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) is gross palpable or Visible malignant growth defined with the help of Imaging modalities & clinical examination • The Clinical Target Volume (CTV) is tissue volume that contains GTV and/or sub- clinical microscopic malignant disease, which must be eliminated. This volume thus has to be treated adequately in order to achieve the aim of therapy, cure or palliation.
- 19. • PTV-Planning target volume includes the CTV & an additional margin for: – Set-up uncertainties -organ motion – Intra-treatment variations • Organ at Risk (OAR) - is an organ(normal structure) whose sensitivity to radiation is such that the dose received from a treatment plan may be significant compared to its tolerance, possibly requiring a change in beam arrangement or a change in dose.
Editor's Notes
- #7: DVH: dose volume histogram, DRR: Digital reconstructed radiogram, OARs: organs at risk