Raju ahmed-1915002538-data-communication
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Data communications involves transferring data from one place to another using computing and communication technologies. A computer network connects at least two devices via cable or wireless connection to share resources. A PAN is a personal network around an individual's devices while a LAN connects devices in a limited area like a home or office. Network devices like hubs, switches, routers and bridges help direct data traffic at different layers with hubs operating at the physical layer and routers at the network layer. MAC addresses, IP addresses, ports and protocols allow identification and communication between devices on a network.
Raju ahmed-1915002538-data-communication
- 1. What is Data communications ? Answer: Data communications is the process of using computing and communication technologies to transfer data from one place to another place. What is Network ? Answer: Network is defined as the connection of at least two computer systems/Device, either by a cable or a wireless connection. Difference Between Computer Network and Data Communication ? Answer: Computer Network: 1. Computer Network is best known to transfer the data and information across different geographies. 2. Computer network have different types of architectural layers for example client- server, peer-to-peer or hybrid. 3. In Computer Network, performance testing is more preferred than Data Communication. 4. The purpose of communication and resource sharing is achieved by multiple computer linked through transmission media. Data Communication: 1. We can easily communicate and transfer the data across different nodes through Data Communication.
- 2. 2. Data Communication usually have 3 architectural designs and can be useful in the multi nodes transmission across different regions and areas. 3. Data Communication doesn’t help in any data binding process and direct interrelated testing for the communication parameter is a little bit difficult than networking. 4. Through the network, we can transmit the data signal from one point to another. What is PAN ? Answer: PAN is a computer network formed around a person. It generally consists of a computer, mobile, or personal digital assistant. PAN can be used for establishing communication among these personal devices for connecting to a digital network and the internet. What is LAN ? Answer: A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computer and peripheral devices which are connected in a limited area such as school, laboratory, home, and office building. It is a widely useful network for sharing resources like files, printers, games, and other application. The simplest type of LAN network is to connect computers and a printer in someone's home or office. In general, LAN will be used as one type of transmission medium. What is a MAC Address? Answer: MAC address is a unique identifier that is assigned to a NIC (Network Interface Controller/ Card). It consists of a 48 bit or 64-bit address, which is associated with the network adapter. MAC address can be in hexadecimal format. The full form of MAC address is Media Access Control address.
- 3. What is network interface card (NIC)? Answer: A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware component without which a computer cannot be connected over a network. It is a circuit board installed in a computer that provides a dedicated network connection to the computer. It is also called network interface controller, network adapter or LAN adapter. What is an IP Address ? Answer: An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or a local network. IP stands for Internet Protocol, which is the set of rules governing the format of data sent via the internet or local network. What is a port ? Answer: A port is a virtual point where network connections start and end. Ports are software- based and managed by a computer's operating system. Each port is associated with a specific process or service. Ports allow computers to easily differentiate between different kinds of traffic: emails go to a different port than webpages, for instance, even though both reach a computer over the same Internet connection. List of Computer network Devices ? Answer: Here is the common network device list: Hub Switch Router Bridge Gateway Modem
- 4. Repeater Access Point What is Hub ? Answer: A hub is basically a multiport repeater. A hub connects multiple wires coming from different branches, for example, the connector in star topology which connects different stations. Hubs cannot filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices. In other words, collision domain of all hosts connected through Hub remains one. Also, they do not have the intelligence to find out best path for data packets which leads to inefficiencies and wastage. Types of Hub Active Hub Passive Hub. Intelligent Hub What is Switch ? Answer: A switch is a multiport bridge with a buffer and a design that can boost its efficiency(a large number of ports imply less traffic) and performance. A switch is a data link layer device. The switch can perform error checking before forwarding data, that makes it very efficient as it does not forward packets that have errors and forward good packets selectively to correct port only. MAC Address 48 bit explanation ? Answer: The 12 digits in a MAC address are hexadecimal digits. One hexadecimal character represents four bits. ... So, each group of two hex characters is one byte, thus 12 hex characters = 6 bytes. And each byte character is eight bits, so 6 bytes = 48 bits.
- 5. What is a Bit ? Answer: A bit is just a smaller unit of information than a byte. It reflects the basic logical process of a transistor. There are eight bits in one byte of information. The abbreviation “Mbps” is one of the most commonly misinterpreted in all of modern computing: it refers to megabits, not “megabytes, per second. What is a Byte ? Answer: A byte represents eight bits, and is the most commonly used term relating to the amount of information stored within a computer’s memory. The term doesn’t refer to eight bits in a loose, simply mathematical sense, but to a specific set of eight bits which operate as a cohesive unit within a computer system. What is a Router ? Answer: A router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet.
- 6. What is difference between Hub, Switch and Router ? Answer: Hub Switch Router Physical layer Data link layer Network layer electrical signal or bits frame & packet packet 4/12 ports multi-port, usually between 4 and 48. 2/4/5/8 ports MAC address MAC address IP address LAN LAN LAN, MAN, WAN What is Bridge? Answer: A bridge in a computer network is one kind of network device, used to separate a network into sections. Every section in the network represents a collision domain that has separate bandwidth. So that network performance can be improved using a bridge. In the OSI model, a bridge works at layer-2 namely the data link layer. The main function of this is to examine the incoming traffic and examine whether to filter it or forward it. What is Repeater ? Answer: A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted so as to extend the length to which the signal can be transmitted over the same network. An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they do not amplify the signal. When the signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength. It is a 2 port device.