Ran16.0 troubleshooting guide(02)(pdf) en

RAN16.0
Troubleshooting Guide
Issue 02
Date 2014-05-31
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Issue 02 (2014-05-31) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
i
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and
the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be
within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements,
information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or
representations of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide Overview
ii
Overview
Document Purpose
This document provides information on how to identify and repair common faults on RAN
equipment that is working in a live network. Operation and maintenance (O&M) personnel
should use this guide in the following scenarios:
 User complaints are received
 Faults are detected in the routine maintenance processes
 Emergency faults are detected in the equipment
 Alarm analysis
Product Version
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product
Name
Product Model Product Version
RNC BSC6900 V900R016C00
RNC BSC6910 V100R016C00
NodeB DBS3900 Single-mode: V200R016C00
Multi-mode: BTS3900 V100R009C00
Intended Audience
This guide is intended for system engineers.
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

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Symbol Description
Alerts you to a high risk hazard that could, if not avoided,
result in serious injury or death.
Alerts you to a medium or low risk hazard that could, if not
avoided, result in moderate or minor injury.
Alerts you to a potentially hazardous situation that could, if not
avoided, result in equipment damage, data loss, performance
deterioration, or unanticipated results.
Provides a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time.
Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement
important points in the main text.
Change History
Changes between document issues are cumulative. The latest document issue contains all the
changes made in earlier issues.
02 (2014-05-31)
This issue includes the following changes:
Content Description
Technical
Changes
Added  MBTS Emergency OM channel. For details, see 3.2
MBTS Emergency OM Channel.
 Hierarchical Delimitation. For details, see 2.3
Hierarchical Delimitation.
Modified N/A
Deleted N/A
Editorial
Changes
Modified the structure. The section Fault Diagnosing, Fault Information
Collecting Function and Hierarchical Delimitation are moved to section
FMA.
01 (2014-04-29)
Compared with issue RAN15.0 01 (2013-05-04), this issue includes the following changes:

iv
Content Description
Technical
Changes
Added  Fault Diagnosing. For details, see 2.1 Fault Diagnosing
Function.
 Fault Information Collecting Function. For details, see
2.2 Fault Information Collecting Function.
Modified N/A
Deleted N/A
Editorial
Changes
Deleted 15 Troubleshooting RNC in Pool Faults.
For the troubleshooting of RNC in Pool, please refer to RNC in Pool feature
parameter description.

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide Contents
v
Contents
Overview........................................................................................................................................... ii
Contents .............................................................................................................................................v
1 Troubleshooting Process and Methods ....................................................................................1
1.1 About this Chapter............................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Troubleshooting Process ..................................................................................................................................1
1.2.1 Flowchart ................................................................................................................................................1
1.2.2 Collecting and Recording Fault Information ..........................................................................................2
1.2.3 Determining Fault Scope and Type.........................................................................................................3
1.2.4 Locating the Cause of the Fault ..............................................................................................................4
1.2.5 Troubleshooting ......................................................................................................................................5
1.2.6 Ensuring that System Is Repaired ...........................................................................................................5
1.2.7 Recording the Troubleshooting Process..................................................................................................5
1.2.8 Contacting Huawei for Technical Support ..............................................................................................6
2 FMA .................................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Fault Diagnosing Function...............................................................................................................................7
2.1.1 Application Scope and Scenarios............................................................................................................8
2.1.2 Prerequisites............................................................................................................................................1
2.1.3 Starting the Fault Diagnosing Function ..................................................................................................1
2.1.4 Introduction to the Fault Diagnosing Tab Page.......................................................................................5
2.1.5 Setting Thresholds for Diagnosis Rules ..................................................................................................7
2.1.6 Viewing Analysis Results........................................................................................................................8
2.1.7 Saving the Analysis Results .................................................................................................................. 11
2.1.8 FMA Dashboard Operation Guide ........................................................................................................13
2.2 Fault Information Collecting Function...........................................................................................................17
2.2.1 Prerequisites..........................................................................................................................................17
2.2.2 Operation Guide....................................................................................................................................17
2.3 Hierarchical Delimitation...............................................................................................................................19
2.3.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................................19
2.3.2 Function Description.............................................................................................................................19
3 Common Maintenance Functions............................................................................................21
3.1 About This Chapter ........................................................................................................................................21

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3.2 MBTS Emergency OM Channel ....................................................................................................................21
3.2.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................................21
3.2.2 Application Scenarios ...........................................................................................................................22
3.2.3 Emergency OM Channel Establishment ...............................................................................................24
3.2.4 Function Description.............................................................................................................................29
3.2.5 Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................33
3.2.6 Example of Using the Proxy MML Function........................................................................................33
3.2.7 Other Operations...................................................................................................................................39
3.3 Transmission Maintenance Function..............................................................................................................39
3.3.1 Checking for Faults in Crossed Pair Connections.................................................................................39
3.3.2 Performing a Bit Error Monitoring on the E1/T1 Port..........................................................................40
3.3.3 Using VCLCC to Check for Link Faults...............................................................................................41
3.3.4 Using VCLCC to Check for Link Delays .............................................................................................42
3.3.5 Using VCLPM to Check for Abnormal Links.......................................................................................43
3.3.6 Performing VCL Link Performance Query...........................................................................................44
3.3.7 Performing the IP over ATM OMCH Continuity Check.......................................................................45
3.3.8 Using LOP VCL to Check for Link Faults or Link Delays ...................................................................46
3.3.9 Checking the Operating Status of the Ethernet Port..............................................................................47
3.3.10 Using the Ping Operation to Perform the IP Continuity Check...........................................................47
3.3.11 Using the Trace Operation to Check for Abnormal Transmission Nodes............................................49
3.3.12 Using the Ping Operation to Check the IP Path Status........................................................................50
3.3.13 Performing IP Loopback Detection to Check for Abnormal Transmission Nodes..............................51
3.3.14 Performing IP PM Detection to Check IP Path Performance on the Iub Interface..............................53
3.3.15 Performing IP PM Detection to Check IP Pool Performance on the Iub Interface .............................54
3.3.16 Performing Node Synchronization Detection to Check for Transmission Delay and Jitter on the User
Plane ..............................................................................................................................................................54
3.3.17 Performing TWAMP Detection to Check for IP Link Performance....................................................56
3.4 Clock Maintenance Function..........................................................................................................................57
3.4.1 Querying the Status of the BSC Reference Clock.................................................................................57
3.4.2 Querying the Status of the BSC Board Clock .......................................................................................58
4 Troubleshooting HSPA Service Setup Failures....................................................................60
4.2 Definition of HSPA Service Setup Failures....................................................................................................60
4.3 Related Information........................................................................................................................................60
4.4 Possible Causes ..............................................................................................................................................61
4.5 Troubleshooting Flowchart ............................................................................................................................61
4.5.2 Troubleshooting Abnormal AAL2PATH,IPPATH or IPPOOL..............................................................61
4.5.3 Troubleshooting Failures to Admit HSUPA User Number and HSDPA User Number .........................63
4.5.4 Determining Whether the Service Rate Mismatch the Threshold of HSPA Services............................65
4.5.5 Determining Whether the Terminal Supports the HSPA Services.........................................................66
4.6 Typical Cases..................................................................................................................................................67

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5 Troubleshooting HSUPA Data Transmission Faults...........................................................69
5.2 Definition of HSUPA Data Transmission Faults ............................................................................................69
5.3.1 Requisites for Reaching HSUPA Maximum Rate .................................................................................69
5.4 Troubleshooting Low or Fluctuating HSUPA Rate ........................................................................................71
5.4.1 Fault Description...................................................................................................................................71
5.4.2 Possible Causes.....................................................................................................................................71
5.4.3 Fault Handling Procedure .....................................................................................................................71
5.4.4 Typical Cases ........................................................................................................................................75
6 Troubleshooting HSDPA Service Rate Faults.......................................................................77
6.2 Definition of HSDPA Service Rate Faults......................................................................................................77
6.4 Troubleshooting Low or Fluctuating HSDPA Service Rate ...........................................................................79
6.4.2 Fault Handling Flowchart .....................................................................................................................79
6.4.3 Checking Basic Elements......................................................................................................................80
6.4.4 Determining Whether the Service Can Be Set Up ................................................................................82
6.4.5 Determining Whether Radio Resources Are Limited............................................................................86
6.4.6 Check Faults Segment by Segment.......................................................................................................87
6.4.7 Typical Cases ........................................................................................................................................90
7 Troubleshooting SLC Faults .....................................................................................................92
7.2 Definition of SLC Faults................................................................................................................................92
7.3 SLC Problem Monitoring...............................................................................................................................92
7.4 Troubleshooting the Problem of No RRC Connection Request .....................................................................94
7.4.2 Possible Causes.....................................................................................................................................94
7.4.4 Typical Case 1.......................................................................................................................................96
7.4.5 Typical Case 2.......................................................................................................................................96
7.5 Troubleshooting RRC Connection Setup Failures..........................................................................................97
8 Troubleshooting RRC Connection Setup Failures...............................................................98
8.1 Definition of RRC Access Failures ................................................................................................................98
8.2 Formula for the RRC Setup Success Rate......................................................................................................98
8.4 Troubleshooting the Problem of No Replies to an RRC Connection Setup Request .....................................99

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8.4.1 Failure Description................................................................................................................................99
8.4.3 Typical Case 1.....................................................................................................................................102
8.4.4 Typical Case 2.....................................................................................................................................104
8.5 Troubleshooting Rejected RRC Connection Setup Requests .......................................................................105
8.5.1 Failure Description..............................................................................................................................105
8.5.2 Handling Procedure.............................................................................................................................105
8.6 Troubleshooting Failures in Replying to RRC Connection Setup Requests ................................................107
8.6.1 Fault Description.................................................................................................................................107
8.6.2 Handling Procedure.............................................................................................................................107
9 Troubleshooting RAB Setup Faults.......................................................................................108
9.1 About This Chapter ......................................................................................................................................108
9.2 Definition of RAB Setup Faults ...................................................................................................................108
9.2.1 RAB Setup Success Rate ....................................................................................................................108
9.2.2 RAB Setup Procedure.........................................................................................................................108
9.2.3 RAB Setup Failure Scenarios..............................................................................................................109
9.3 Possible Causes ............................................................................................................................................109
9.4 Troubleshooting RAB Setup Failure ............................................................................................................ 110
9.5 Troubleshooting the Problem of Uu No Response ....................................................................................... 112
9.5.1 Fault Description................................................................................................................................. 112
9.5.2 Fault Handling Procedure ................................................................................................................... 112
9.5.3 Typical Cases ...................................................................................................................................... 112
9.6 Troubleshooting Increased Traffic Volume .................................................................................................. 114
9.6.3 Typical Cases ...................................................................................................................................... 114
9.7 Troubleshooting Iub Congestion .................................................................................................................. 115
9.7.3 Typical Cases ...................................................................................................................................... 118
9.8 Troubleshooting Other Congestions............................................................................................................. 119
9.8.3 Typical Case 1.....................................................................................................................................120
9.8.4 Typical Case 2.....................................................................................................................................121
9.9 Troubleshooting the Problem of RAB Setup Not Allowed by the RNC Configuration ...............................121
9.9.1 Fault Description.................................................................................................................................121
9.9.2 Fault Handling Procedure ...................................................................................................................121
9.9.3 Typical Cases ......................................................................................................................................122
9.10 Troubleshooting Transmission Network Faults..........................................................................................123
9.10.1 Fault Description...............................................................................................................................123

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9.10.2 Fault Handling Procedure .................................................................................................................123
9.10.3 Typical Cases ....................................................................................................................................125
9.11 Troubleshooting Physical Channel Faults ..................................................................................................126
9.11.2 Fault Handling Procedure..................................................................................................................126
9.11.3 Typical Cases ....................................................................................................................................127
9.12 Miscellaneous.............................................................................................................................................127
9.12.3 Typical Case 1...................................................................................................................................130
9.12.4 Typical Case 2...................................................................................................................................130
10 Troubleshooting Call Drops .................................................................................................131
10.1 Definition of CDR......................................................................................................................................131
10.1.1 CDR Formulas ..................................................................................................................................131
10.1.2 Signaling Procedure for a Call Drop.................................................................................................132
10.2 Related KPIs for Call Drops.......................................................................................................................132
10.3 Troubleshooting Procedure ........................................................................................................................134
10.4 Troubleshooting Call Drops in a Single Cell or Site ..................................................................................136
10.4.3 Typical Cases ....................................................................................................................................138
10.5 Troubleshooting Call Drops in the Entire Network....................................................................................139
10.5.3 Typical Case 1...................................................................................................................................141
10.5.4 Typical Case 2...................................................................................................................................142
10.5.5 Typical Case 3...................................................................................................................................142
11 Troubleshooting Handover Faults.......................................................................................144
11.1 About This Chapter.....................................................................................................................................144
11.2 Definitions of Handover Faults ..................................................................................................................144
11.2.1 Handover Success Ratio Formula .....................................................................................................144
11.2.2 Handover Signaling Procedure..........................................................................................................145
11.3 Handover Procedures .................................................................................................................................146
11.4 Troubleshooting Handover Faults ..............................................................................................................148
11.4.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................148
11.5 Troubleshooting Faults on Related NEs .....................................................................................................150
11.5.2 The handover success ratio is low in most of cells, but there is no TOP cell which is quite low.
Related Information .....................................................................................................................................150

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11.6 Troubleshooting Inter-RNC, Inter-MSC, and Inter-RAT Handover Problems ...........................................151
11.6.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................152
11.6.4 Typical Case 1 ...................................................................................................................................154
11.6.5 Typical Case 2 ...................................................................................................................................154
11.6.6 Typical Case 3 ...................................................................................................................................155
11.7 Troubleshooting the Abnormal Handover Caused by Hardware and Transmission Faults.........................155
11.7.2 Related Information ..........................................................................................................................155
11.8 Troubleshooting the Abnormal Handover Caused by Poor Quality of the Air Interface ............................156
11.8.4 Typical Cases ....................................................................................................................................157
11.9 Troubleshooting the Abnormal Handover Caused by Incorrect Parameter Settings...................................158
11.9.4 Typical Cases ....................................................................................................................................159
11.10 Troubleshooting Congestion in the Target Cell ........................................................................................160
11.10.1 Fault Description.............................................................................................................................160
11.10.2 Possible Causes...............................................................................................................................160
11.10.3 Fault Handling Procedure................................................................................................................160
11.10.4 Typical Cases...................................................................................................................................161
12 Troubleshooting Paging Faults ............................................................................................162
12.1 About This Chapter ....................................................................................................................................162
12.2 Definition of Paging Faults ........................................................................................................................162
12.3 Related Information....................................................................................................................................162
12.3.1 Paging Scenario ................................................................................................................................162
12.3.2 Paging Procedure and Performance Counters...................................................................................162
12.3.3 Difference Between Paging Success Rates on the RNC and on the CN ...........................................164
12.3.4 Related Paging Handling ..................................................................................................................165
12.4 Possible Causes ..........................................................................................................................................165
12.5 Troubleshooting Paging Faults...................................................................................................................166
12.5.2 Fault Handling Flowchart .................................................................................................................166
12.5.4 Typical Cases 1 .................................................................................................................................169

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12.5.5 Typical Cases 2 .................................................................................................................................169
13 Troubleshooting O&M Faults ..............................................................................................171
13.1 O&M Faults Definition ..............................................................................................................................171
13.2 Context.......................................................................................................................................................171
13.3 Troubleshooting Configuration Data Synchronization Faults ....................................................................171
13.3.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................171
13.3.3 Troubleshooting Steps.......................................................................................................................171
13.3.4 Typical Cases ....................................................................................................................................172
13.4 Troubleshooting Counter Abnormalities ....................................................................................................172
13.4.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................172
13.4.4 Typical Cases ....................................................................................................................................173
14 Troubleshooting ATM Transmission Faults .....................................................................174
14.1 Procedure for Troubleshooting ATM Transmission Faults.........................................................................174
14.1.1 Determining ATM Transmission Fault Type .....................................................................................174
14.1.2 Measures to Troubleshoot ATM Transmission Faults .......................................................................174
14.2 Basic knowledge of ATM Transmission.....................................................................................................175
14.2.1 Characteristics of ATM Transmission Faults ....................................................................................175
14.2.2 Introduction to the ATM Layer .........................................................................................................175
14.2.3 ATM Cell Architecture......................................................................................................................176
14.2.4 VP/VC Switching..............................................................................................................................176
14.2.5 ATM VCL .........................................................................................................................................177
14.3 Troubleshooting SAAL Faults....................................................................................................................177
14.3.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................178
14.3.3 Troubleshooting Procedure ...............................................................................................................178
14.4 Troubleshooting AAL2 Path Faults............................................................................................................179
14.4.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................180
14.5 Troubleshooting Packet Loss in ATM Transmission ..................................................................................181
14.5.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................181
14.6 Troubleshooting Delay and Jitter in ATM Transmission ............................................................................183

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14.6.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................183
14.7 Troubleshooting Packet Error in ATM Transmission .................................................................................184
14.7.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................184
14.8 Troubleshooting Transient Interruption in ATM Transmission ..................................................................186
14.8.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................186
14.9 Troubleshooting PVC Faults (ATM layer) .................................................................................................188
14.9.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................188
14.10 Troubleshooting E1T1 Faults (physical layer) .........................................................................................189
14.10.2 Possible Causes...............................................................................................................................189
14.10.3 Troubleshooting Procedure .............................................................................................................189
14.10.4 Troubleshooting Steps.....................................................................................................................189
14.11 Troubleshooting IMA Faults (physical layer)...........................................................................................191
14.11.2 Possible Causes...............................................................................................................................191
15 Troubleshooting IP Transmission Faults...........................................................................193
15.1 Procedure for Troubleshooting IP Transmission Faults..............................................................................193
15.1.1 Determining IP Transmission Fault Type..........................................................................................193
15.1.2 Measures to Troubleshoot IP Transmission Faults............................................................................193
15.2 Basic Knowledge of IP Transmission.........................................................................................................194
15.3 Troubleshooting SCTP Faults.....................................................................................................................197
15.3.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................198
15.3.5 Typical Cases ....................................................................................................................................200
15.4 Troubleshooting IP Path Faults ..................................................................................................................200
15.4.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................201

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15.4.5 Typical Cases ....................................................................................................................................202
15.5 Troubleshooting IP Pool Faults ..................................................................................................................203
15.5.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................203
15.5.5 Typical Cases ....................................................................................................................................204
15.6 Troubleshooting IP over FE/GE Interface Disconnection ..........................................................................205
15.6.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................205
15.6.4 Troubleshooting IP Layer Faults .......................................................................................................205
15.6.5 Troubleshooting Data Link Layer Faults ..........................................................................................206
15.6.6 Troubleshooting Physical Layer Faults.............................................................................................206
15.6.7 Typical Cases ....................................................................................................................................207
15.7 Troubleshooting MP/PPP Link Failure in IP over E1 Mode ......................................................................208
15.7.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................208
15.7.4 Troubleshooting IP Layer Faults .......................................................................................................208
15.7.5 Troubleshooting E1T1 Faults (physical layer) ..................................................................................208
15.7.6 Troubleshooting Data Link Layer Faults ..........................................................................................208
15.8 Troubleshooting Packet Loss in IP Transmission.......................................................................................209
15.8.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................209
15.9 Troubleshooting Delay and Jitter in IP Transmission.................................................................................210
15.9.2 Possible Causes................................................................................................................................. 211
15.9.3 Troubleshooting Procedure ............................................................................................................... 211
15.9.4 Troubleshooting Steps....................................................................................................................... 211
15.10 Troubleshooting Packet Errors in IP Transmission ..................................................................................212
15.10.2 Possible Causes...............................................................................................................................212
15.11 Troubleshooting Transient Interruption in IP Transmission .....................................................................213
15.11.2 Possible Causes...............................................................................................................................213

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16 Troubleshooting Faults in SSN Configuration-Free........................................................215
16.2 Definition of Faults in SSN Configuration-Free ........................................................................................215
16.3 Related Information....................................................................................................................................215
16.4 Troubleshooting the Failed Execution of the ADD UNODEB Command .................................................217
16.4.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................217
16.5 Troubleshooting the Problem that Automatic SSN Allocation Achieved by the SSN Configuration-Free
Algorithm Is Inappropriate.................................................................................................................................218
16.5.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................218
17 Troubleshooting Faults Related to the Inter-Dependence of BBU Uplink Resource Feature
..........................................................................................................................................................221
17.2 Definition of Faults Related to the Inter-Dependence of BBU Uplink Resource Feature..........................221
17.3 Troubleshooting Unavailable Cells ............................................................................................................221
17.3.2 Possible Causes.................................................................................................................................221
18 Appendix: Common Methods of Collecting Fault Information....................................223

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 1 Troubleshooting Process and Methods
1
1 Troubleshooting Process and Methods
1.1 About this Chapter
This chapter describes the process for troubleshooting, common methods of fault location,
and how to get technical support from Huawei.
1.2 Troubleshooting Process
1.2.1 Flowchart
Figure 1-1 shows the troubleshooting flowchart.

2
Figure 1-1 Troubleshooting flowchart
1.2.2 Collecting and Recording Fault Information
Fault Information to be Collected
When a fault occurs, O&M personnel must start troubleshooting by obtaining fault
information, which serves as a reference. O&M personnel should collect as much fault
information as possible. The following information must be collected before any operation:
 Symptoms, including details and basic data
 Time, location, and frequency of occurrence
 Scope and impact
 Equipment operating status before the fault occurred
 Operations performed on the equipment before the fault occurred, and the results of these
operations

3
 Measures taken to deal with the fault, and the results
 Alarms resulting from the fault
 Status of board LEDs
Methods of Collecting Fault Information
To collect fault data, do as follows:
 Consult the personnel who reported the fault about symptoms, time, location, and
frequency of the fault.
 Consult the O&M personnel about the equipment operating status before the fault
occurred, operations performed on the equipment before the fault occurred, fault
symptoms, and measures taken to deal with the fault and the results.
 Observe board LEDs, the O&M subsystem, and the alarm management system to obtain
information about the status of system software and hardware.
 Estimate the impact of the fault by testing services, measuring performance, and tracing
interface messages or signaling messages.
Strategies for Collecting Fault information
Strategies for collecting fault information are as follows:
 Do not handle a fault hastily. Collect as much information as possible before attempting
to repair the fault.
 Maintain good communication with other departments and O&M personnel of other sites.
Ask them for technical support if necessary.
1.2.3 Determining Fault Scope and Type
After collecting all available fault information, analyze the fault symptoms, and determine the
fault scope and type.
This document describes 11 types of faults, as listed in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1 Faults and scopes
No. Category Fault Type Description
1 HSPA service HSPA service setup failure HSPA service setup failure,
instead of a low rate of HSPA
services
2 HSUPA rate fault Fluctuating or low HSUPA rate
3 HSDPA rate fault Fluctuating or low HSDPA rate
4 KPI SLC fault Cell access failure
5 RRC connection setup
fault
Low RRC connection setup
success rate
6 RAB connection setup
fault
Low RAB access success rate
7 Call drop rate fault High call drop rate

4
No. Category Fault Type Description
8 Handover fault Low handover success rate
9 Paging fault Low paging success rate
10 Operation &
Maintenace
Operation & Maintenace
fault
Faults of O&M on RAN devices
11 Transmission ATM Transmission
network fault
ATM transmission faults
12 IP Transmission network
fault
IP transmission faults
13 SSN
Configuration-Free
SSN Configuration-Free
faults
The ADD UNODEB command
fails to be executed when the
SSN configuration-free
algorithm is enabled.
The automatic SSN allocation
achieved by the SSN
configuration-free algorithm is
inappropriate.
14 Inter-Dependence
of BBU Uplink
Resource Feature
Faults Related to the
Inter-Dependence of BBU
Uplink Resource Feature
Faults after the
Uplink Resource feature is
activated
1.2.4 Locating the Cause of the Fault
To locate the cause of the fault, first compare and analyze possible causes, and then eliminate
causes that are unlikely or impossible.
Comparison and Interchange
 Description
O&M personnel can compare the faulty components or symptoms with their normal
equivalents to locate faults. Comparison is applied in scenarios where the scope of the
fault is small.
If the fault scope and area cannot be determined after the replacement of some
components with spare parts, then interchange a component that is suspected of being
faulty with known good components that are being used in the system. For example,
replace a board or optical cable that is suspected faulted with an equivalent item that is
known to be good. Then compare the status before and after the operation to determine if
the fault was repaired or to further determine the scope and area of the fault. Interchange
is applied in scenarios where the scope of the fault is large.
 Application Scenarios
Comparison and interchange are used when faults occur after NE hardware, software or a
new feature is introduced that may have caused a service outage.
 Instructions

5
Use this method to compare the performances and KPIs before and after hardware or
software is changed, or a new feature is introduced.
Segment-by-Segment Location
 Function
A fault may occur at any node in an end-to-end network. Therefore, this method helps
locating the fault quickly.
 Application Scenario
Transmission network fault or PS data transmission fault
 Usage
Locate the fault segment by segment.
Layer-by-Layer Location
 Function
As specified by the protocol, the upper layer can work properly only when its lower
layers are working properly. When a fault occurs, all associated layers malfunction. In
addition, the symptom of a fault may vary if different monitoring methods are used.
Therefore, this method helps locating the layer where the fault is generated and
facilitates the troubleshooting.
 Application Scenario
Transmission network fault or PS data transmission fault
 Usage
Locate the fault layer by layer.
1.2.5 Troubleshooting
To repair faults and restore the system, troubleshoot different faults using proper measures
and procedures. Troubleshooting consists of checking cables, replacing boards, modifying
data configuration, switching over boards, and resetting boards.
1.2.6 Ensuring that System Is Repaired
Test the system again after troubleshooting to ensure that the fault is completely repaired.
Ensure the system works properly by observing the status of board LEDs and alarm
information, and perform dial tests to ensure that all services are operational.
1.2.7 Recording the Troubleshooting Process
It is important to record the troubleshooting process in a way that O&M personnel can use in
the future. When the troubleshooting/repair action is complete, O&M personnel should:
 Review the entire troubleshooting process
 Note key points of the process
 Summarize methods for improvement
of the system which could avoid recurrence of the faults of the same type.
Ensure notes are recorded in a logbook or other method that O&M personnel will have future access to.

6
1.2.8 Contacting Huawei for Technical Support
If faults are difficult to identify or solve, then prepare the following information, and contact
Huawei for technical support.
Step 1 Collect general fault information.
The general information required is as follows:
 Full name of the office
 Contact name and number
 Time when the fault occurred
 Detailed symptoms of the fault
 Version of the host software
 Measures taken to deal with the fault, and the results
 Severity and expected repair time
Step 2 Collect fault location information.
Information to be collected is listed according to the related steps.
Step 3 Use the following methods to contact Huawei for technical support:
 E-mail: support@huawei.com
 Website: http://support.huawei.com
http://support.huawei.com contains contact information for the local office in your region.

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 2 FMA
7
2 FMA
FMA(Fault Management Assistant) function helps users handle network faults. It includes the
following functions: fast faultdiagnosis, fault information collection, and hierarchical
delimitation. The fault diagnosis andhierarchical delimitation functions analyze faults only
within eight hours from the fault rectification to the current time.
The following figure shows the fault handling process using this assistant:
The procedure is as follows:
1, Determine whether services are affected.
2, Use the fault diagnosis function to identify partial of the faults.
3, Use the hierarchical delimitation function to analyze faults that cannot be fast identified.
4, Use the information collection function to collect logs of faults that cannot be identified by
the preceding two methods, and use the offline analysis tool to analyze these faults.
5, Rectify the faults.
6, Check that services are recovered.
2.1 Fault Diagnosing Function
When a service or network fault occurs, services cannot be restored promptly by normal
maintenance measures such as reset, power-off, and board replacement because the faulty NE
or board cannot be located promptly. In this case, the LMT fault diagnosing function can help
to find the root cause quickly based on the traffic data and logs collected onsite. Based on the

8
analysis report provided by this function, maintenance engineers can locate the faulty board or
subsystem and troubleshoot the fault.
The fault diagnosing function diagnoses and troubleshoots service and network faults by
scenarios. Maintenance engineers can use the online diagnosis expert system to analyze traffic
data, alarms, and logs collected onsite based on the diagnosis rules and locate the faulty board
or subsystem. Then, they can provide the customer an analysis report for troubleshooting.
Figure 2-1 illustrates the troubleshooting procedure using the fault diagnosing function.
Figure 2-1 Troubleshooting procedure using the fault diagnosing function
Huawei designs the diagnosis rules based on years of network maintenance experience. The
diagnosis rules are released with BSC6900 V900R015C01, BSC6910 V100R015C01, and
their later versions and can be updated with version upgrade.
Maintenance engineers must select a fault scenario to which the problem belongs before using
the fault diagnosing function. For details about fault scenarios, see Table 2-1.
2.1.1 Application Scope and Scenarios
Applicable Boards
This function applies only to the OMU.

9
Intended Audience
R&D, maintenance, and technical support personnel involved in OM
Application Scenarios and Restrictions
Application Scenarios
When a service or network fault occurs, the faulty NE or board cannot be located promptly. In
this case, the fault diagnosing function can be used to locate and analyze the root cause.
Restrictions
A fault analysis task using the fault diagnosing function of the LMT is started on the OMU.
This analysis task consumes the OMU physical resources but does not conflict with other
tasks such as tracing and monitoring. To ensure the smooth operations of functions on the
OMU and the fault diagnosing function, the following restricts are imposed:
 This function cannot be started when available free space on the OMU is less than 500
MB.
 When the physical OMU memory in use exceeds 95%,
For the BSC6910, memory used by the fault diagnosing function exceeds 500 MB, stop
this function.
For the BSC6900, memory used by the fault diagnosing function exceeds 200 MB, stop
this function.
 When the OMU CPU usage reaches 100%, the operating systems schedules processes on
the OMU by priority. The initial priority of the fault analysis task using the fault
diagnosing function is set to low. When the CPU usage of this task is lower than the
minimum threshold (10%), increase its priority. When the CPU usage of this task is
higher than the minimum threshold (10%), set its priority to low.
NOTE
You can run the DSP OMUSRV command on the RNC to query the free space, memory and CPU usage
on the OMU.
When a fault occurs, it is recommended that you use this function to analyze the fault first and then run
the COL LOG command to collect logs.
After the fault diagnosing function is started, the COL LOG command is automatically executed to
collect the MEMDB information. Therefore, if the user starts this function on the LMT to analyze the
fault and then runs the COL LOG command, a conflict occurs. In this case, wait a few minutes and run
this command again.

1
2.1.2 Prerequisites
The connection is functional between the LMT and the NE.
2.1.3 Starting the Fault Diagnosing Function
Step 1 Click FMA on the LMT main page. The FMA tab page is displayed.
Step 2 Under FMA, double-click Fault Diagnosis. The Fault Diagnosis dialog box is displayed.
Select the logical NEs requiring fault management under BSC Options.
NOTE
In the BSC Options area, you can select only one RNC or BSC for one fault diagnosis.
Step 3 Click Next. The Scenario Options area is displayed. Select the fault scenarios.
Step 4 Click Dashboard or Start. Wait for the report to be generated.
----End
Table 2-1 lists all the fault scenarios.
Table 2-1 Fault scenarios
Scenario Options Item
KPI RRC
connection
setup
The number of RRC connection setup
requests is 0
The RRC connection setup success rate is
abnormal
requests decreases significantly
CS service
setup
The initial direct transmission flow control
rate of CS services is abnormal
The Iu-CS SCCP setup success rate is
abnormal
The CS security mode success rate is
abnormal
The location update success rate is
abnormal
The CS service rejection rate is abnormal
The CS service redirection rate in an
MOCN is abnormal
The number of successful CS RAB setups is
0
The CS RAB setup success rate is abnormal

2
The number of CS RAB setup requests
decreases significantly
CS call drop The CS service drop rate is abnormal
PS service
setup
The initial direct transmission flow control
rate of PS services is abnormal
The Iu-PS SCCP setup success rate is
abnormal
The PS security mode success rate is
abnormal
The RA update success rate is abnormal
The PS service rejection rate is abnormal
The attach success rate is abnormal
The PDP context activation success rate is
abnormal
The PS service redirection rate in an
MOCN is abnormal
The number of successful PS RAB setups is
0
The PS RAB setup success rate is abnormal
The number of PS RAB setup requests
PS call drop The PS service drop rate is abnormal
Paging The paging success rate is abnormal
Traffic PS throughput The PS throughput decreases significantly
CS Erlang The CS Erlang decreases significantly
Transmission A larger
number of
unavailable
cells
A large number of cells are unavailable
Others Equipment
health check
health check on the interface boards
health check on user-plane boards and
subsystems
health check on control-plane boards and
subsystems
analysis on system configuration errors
control-plan Iu-CS and Iu-PS interface
status check

3
Iur-P interface status check
Flow control of the board
RNC in Pool
Load Sharing
requests of the overflow RNC is 0
The RRC connection setup success rate of
the overflow RNC is abnormal
The number of successful CS RAB setups
of the overflow RNC is 0
The CS RAB setup success rate of the
overflow RNC is abnormal
The CS service drop rate of the overflow
RNC is abnormal
The number of successful PS RAB setups
of the overflow RNC is 0
The PS RAB setup success rate of the
overflow RNC is abnormal
The PS service drop rate of the overflow
RNC is abnormal
The CS Erlang of the overflow RNC
The PS throughput of the overflow RNC
If RNC in Pool is enabled, select the fault scenarios based on Table 2-2.
The system automatically determines the host status and type of load sharing and node
redundancy for RNC in Pool and recommends the corresponding fault scenarios. You can also
run the LST URNCBASIC and DSP UHOSTRNC commands on the RNC to query the load
sharing type and host status, respectively.

4
Table 2-2 RNC in Pool fault scenarios
Scenario
Options
RNC in Pool Load
Sharing
RNC in Pool
Redundancy
RNC in Pool Load
Sharing and Redundancy
Load
Sharing
Type=
MASTE
R
Load
Sharing
Type=
OVERF
LOW
Host
Status
=MAS
TER
Host
Status
=BAC
KUP
Load
Sharing
Type=
MASTE
R and
Host
Status=
MASTE
R
Load
Sharing
Type=
OVERF
LOW
and
Host
Status=
BACK
UP
Load
Shar
ing
Type
=OV
ERF
LO
W
and
Host
Stat
us=
MA
STE
R
RRC
connection
setup
√ × √ × √ × √
CS service
setup
√ × √ × √ × √
CS call drop √ × √ × √ × √
PS service
setup
√ × √ × √ × √
PS call drop √ × √ × √ × √
CS Erlang √ × √ × √ × √
PS
throughput
√ × √ × √ × √
Paging √ × √ × √ × √
A large
number of
unavailable
cells
√ × √ × √ × √
Equipment
health check
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
RNC IN
POOL Load
Sharing
√ × × × √ × ×

5
2.1.4 Introduction to the Fault Diagnosing Tab Page
 The Scenario Options area: Multiple fault scenarios can be selected simultaneously.
 The Dashboard button: After you click Dashboard, a graphical user interface (GUI) is
displayed with the performance data for the last 8 hours, operation data for the last 24
hours, and active and cleared alarm for the last 24 hours is displayed.
 The Start button: After you click Start, the fault analysis using the fault diagnosing
function is started. A folder named by the operation date and time is generated each time
this analysis is started under the /bam/version_x/ftp/fma_data directory, for example,
/bam/version_x/ftp/fma_data/20111226174421. This folder contains four sub-folders
which are described in the following table.
Folder Description
alarm_data Contains the active alarms and cleared alarms for the last 24 hours.
opt_data Contains the operation data for the last 24 hours.
report Contains the analysis report generated using the fault diagnosing function.
stat_data Contains the performance data for the last 8 hours, the corresponding 8
hours yesterday, and the corresponding 8 hours 7 days ago.
After the fault analysis is successfully started, a webpage containing the analysis results
is displayed using the IE browser, as shown in Figure 2-2. The Firefox browser also
supports this function.
Figure 2-2 Results of a successful fault analysis task
If you start the fault analysis when the COL LOG command is being executed, a
webpage indicating a data export failure is displayed, as shown in Figure 2-3. This is
because the fault analysis also requires to execute the COL LOG command, which leads
to a conflict. In this case, run the COL LOG command a few minutes later.

6
Figure 2-3 Results of a failed fault analysis task
 The Stop button: You can click Stop to stop a fault analysis task in process. The Alert
dialog box is displayed. C lick OK.
 The Query Result button: You can click Query Result to query the history analysis
results based on the task date and time. The Query Result dialog box is displayed, as
shown in Figure 2-4.
Figure 2-4 Query Result dialog box
Choose a date and time from the Select List drop-down list and click Submit, as shown
in Figure 2-5.

7
Figure 2-5 Select List drop-down list
An analysis report is displayed in a webpage form.
If the report.xml file in not stored under the bam/version_x/ftp/fma_data/date and
time/report directory, a dialog box indicating that the file is not found is displayed, as
shown in Figure 2-6.
Figure 2-6 Dialog box indicating that the file is not found
Folders containing all history analysis results are stored under the
bam/version_x/ftp/fma_data directory. The maximum size of these folders is 500 MB.
If the size exceeds 500 MB, the system deletes the earliest folder. Therefore, you must
save important history analysis results in time. For details about how to save the history
analysis results, see section 2.1.7 "Saving the Analysis Results".
2.1.5 Setting Thresholds for Diagnosis Rules
To query the current thresholds for diagnosis rules, run the LST FMATH command on the
LMT, as show in Figure 2-7.

8
Figure 2-7 Querying the current thresholds for diagnosis rules
To set and modify the thresholds for diagnosis rules, run the SET FMATH command on the
LMT with specified Threshold Name and Threshold Value, as shown in Figure 2-8.
Figure 2-8 Setting or modifying the thresholds for diagnosis rules
2.1.6 Viewing Analysis Results
After the fault analysis task using the fault diagnosing function succeeds, a webpage is
displayed, as shown in Figure 2-9.
Figure 2-9 Results of a successful fault analysis task

9
This webpage consists of the following parts:
 RNC Basic Information: This part is displayed only when you have selected UMTS
RNC in the BSC Options area. Information about the RNC in Pool networking and
basic RNC configurations is displayed.
− RNC in Pool networking: Information such as RNC node ID and host status, as
shown in the red circle in Figure 2-10.
− Basic RNC configurations: Information such as RNC ID, RNC name, and Iub
transmission mode, as shown in the black circle in Figure 2-10.
Figure 2-10 RNC Basic Information
 KPI and counter change trend: This part is displayed when you have selected UMTS
RNC or GSM BSC in the BSC Options area. RNC KPI TREND is displayed when
you have selected UMTS RNC, as shown in Figure 2-9. If you have selected GSM BSC,
four KPI and counter change trend charts are displayed. If you have selected UMTS
RNC, ten KPI and counter change trend charts and one table are displayed.
KPI and counter change trend chart: There are three lines for each KPI or counter
indicating its change trends in the last 8 hours, corresponding 8 hours yesterday, and
corresponding 8 hours seven days ago. The KPIs and counters are sampled every 15
minutes. The X axis, left Y axis, and right Y axis indicate the time, number, and ratio,
respectively. Figure 2-11 shows an RRC KPI and counter change trend chart.
Figure 2-11 RRC KPI and counter change trend chart
Alarm quantity change trend chart: Figure 2-12 shows an RNC alarm quantity change trend
chart for the last 24 hours. The X axis and Y axis indicate the time and alarms quantity,
respectively. The three lines indicate the quantities of reported alarms, cleared alarms, and
active alarms. The alarms are collected every 15 minutes.

10
An alarm is considered an active alarm if it is not cleared within 15 minutes. You can set the
alarm severity by referring to section 2.1.5 "Setting Thresholds for Diagnosis Rules". The
alarm quantity displayed in Figure 2-12 uses the total number of alarms of all severity levels.
Figure 2-12 RNC alarm quantity change trend chart
 FMA Dashboard: Figure 2-13 shows a dashboard of integrated fault analysis results
including the various KPI and counter change trend charts, operation log, and alarm log.
Figure 2-13 Dashboard of integrated fault analysis results
The three areas displayed in FMA Dashboard are as follows:
 KPI and counter change trend chart: A line is displayed for each KPI or counter
indicating its change trend in the last 8 hours. The X axis, left Y axis, and right Y axis
indicate the time, number, and ratio, respectively.
 Operation log: The executed MML commands are displayed from the earliest one.
Information such as the executed MML commands, operating time, and execution results
are displayed.
 Alarm log: Alarms are displayed from the earliest one. Information such as alarm ID,
alarm report time, and location information are displayed.
For detailed operation and information, see section 2.1.8 "FMA Dashboard Operation Guide."
 Detailed analysis of a specific cause: Figure 2-14 shows the detailed analysis of
significant PS throughput drop.

11
Figure 2-14 Detailed analysis of significant PS throughput drop
The analysis results are displayed in three parts, as shown in the red circles in Figure
2-14.
− Description: overall fault description
− Diagnose Result: related data displayed in a table or described by words
− Recommend Option: recommended suggestions to troubleshoot the fault
2.1.7 Saving the Analysis Results
 If the default browser is the IE browser, click Save in the displayed webpage, as shown
in Figure 2-15.
Figure 2-15 Saving the analysis results using the IE
The Save dialog box is displayed, as shown in 2.1.8 Figure 2-16. Click Save.

12
Figure 2-16 Save dialog box
To download all diagnosis information such as KPIs, operation logs, and alarm logs in
one package, click Download, as shown in Figure 2-17.
Figure 2-17 Downloading diagnosis information in one package
 If the default browser is the Firefox browser, choose Firefox > Save Page As, as shown
in Figure 2-18.

13
Figure 2-18 Saving the analysis results using the Firefox
The Save As dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 2-19. Click Save.
Figure 2-19 Save As dialog box
2.1.8 FMA Dashboard Operation Guide
The dashboard function supports the associated fault analysis of KPIs and counters, alarm log,
and operation log in the last 8 hours and integrated analysis result display. The dashboard
function displays all KPI and counter change trends in line charts. If you click a dot on a line,

14
the alarm and operation information at the specific time when the KPI or counter value is
collected is highlighted. This helps locate the fault and restore services promptly. Note the
following points when you use the dashboard function:
 Starting the dashboard function
After the fault analysis using the fault diagnosing function is complete, the dashboard is
displayed as a part in the analysis report. This eases the operation and maintenance so
that you do not have to switch pages when locating the fault. You can start the dashboard
function in the following ways:
− After you have selected the NE to be analyzed in the Scenario Options area, you can
click Dashboard to start this function, as shown in Figure 2-20.
Figure 2-20 Starting the Dashboard function
The dashboard is displayed in the analysis report, as shown in Figure 2-21.

15
Figure 2-21 Dashboard displayed in the analysis report (1)
− After you have selected the NE to be analyzed in the Scenario Options area, you can
also click Start to start this function, as shown in Figure 2-20.
The dashboard is displayed in the analysis report, as shown in Figure 2-22.
Figure 2-22 Dashboard displayed in the analysis report (2)
 Panes on the dashboard interface
The default dashboard interface consists of three parts, as shown in Figure 2-23. The area
in the upper-left corner is the KPI and counter change trend chart. The area in the
upper-right corner is the operation log. The area at the bottom is the alarm log. You can
input a specific time and click Query to query the alarm information in this area.

16
Figure 2-23 Dashboard interface
 You can click a dot in a KPI or counter line, an alarm, or an operation entry to highlight
it. The highlighted alarm and operation entry are displayed in white digits and blue
background. If you click a dot in a KPI or counter line, the time when the KPI or counter
value is collected is displayed in an orange vertical line.
 If you click a dot in a KPI or counter line, alarms and operation entries at the specific
time when the KPI or counter value is collected are highlighted.
 The alarm log and operation log support the filter function. Risky commands are
displayed in black digits and yellow background. You can double-click an operation
entry or alarm to view its detailed information, as shown in Figure 2-24.
Figure 2-24 Detailed alarm information
 You can click Save to save the current dashboard interface, as shown in Figure 2-25.

17
Figure 2-25 Saving the current dashboard interface
2.2 Fault Information Collecting Function
When faults occur, the information need to be collected onsite. However, there is various BSC
logs, and the procedure for collecting these logs is complex. It is easy to make mistakes in
collecting the logs, which leads to repeated collection of logs onsite and prolongs the
troubleshooting. This function is introduced to simplify the procedure for collecting logs. You
can use this function to collect site information quickly and accurately, thereby facilitating the
troubleshooting.
2.2.1 Prerequisites
The connection is functional between the LMT and the NE.
The connection is functional between the BSC and the BTS.
2.2.2 Operation Guide
1, Quickly collect information.
Step 1 Click FMA on the LMT home page. The FMA window is displayed.
Step 2 In the FMA tab page, double click Information Collection. The Information Collection tab
page is displayed.
Step 3 Set parameters on the Information Quick-Collection tab page. Specify Start Time and Path
Of Results.
Step 4 Click Collection to start collecting fault information.
Figure 2-26 shows the GUI parameter description.

18
Figure 2-26 GUI parameter description
GUI Parameter Description
Start Time Time when a fault occurs.
Path Of Results Path for saving the log files to be collected.
Subrack Subrack number
Result Information about the log files that are collected, such as the file name,
path for saving the files, and file size.
First Progress
Second Progress
Progress of collecting log file.
The second batch of log files start to be collected only after the connection
of the first batch completes. Log files are collected in two batches so that
the first logs can be viewed while the second batch is being collected for
fast troubleshooting.
2, Collect customized information.
Step 1 Click Device Maintenance on the LMT home page. The Device Maintenance window is
displayed.
Step 2 In the BSC Maintenance tab page, choose BSC Maintenance > Collect Fault Information.
The Collect Fault Information tab page is displayed.
Step 3 Set parameters on the Information Self-Collection tab page. Specify Path Of Results, Start
Time, End Time, and List Files of Type. If MML command outputs need to be collected,
enter the MML commands in the MML Commands area. Leave this area blank if no MML
command output needs to be collected.
Step 4 Click Collection to start collecting fault information.
Figure 2-27 shows the GUI parameter description.
Figure 2-27 GUI parameter description.
GUI Parameter Description
Path Of Results Path for saving the log files to be collected.
Start Time
End Time
The end time must be later than the start time.
List Files of Type Types of files to be collected.

19
MML Commands This area is added to support the one-click collection of logs and
command outputs.
This area allows only LST and DSP commands and a maximum of 100
such commands.
Export
Import
When you click this button, the settings for file types will be saved to a
configuration file under the path for saving the logs. In this way, you
can directly import this configuration file next time you need to export
the same types of files.
2.3 Hierarchical Delimitation
2.3.1 Overview
This function decomposes faults based on standard protocol layers from the KPIs of the faulty
network, until the smallest identifiable objects are obtained. The counters, alarms, status, and
operations of these objects are displayed and identified to provide a fault analysis report for
users.
2.3.2 Function Description
Step 1 Click FMA on the LMT home page. The FMA window is displayed.
Step 2 On the FMA tab page, click Hierarchical Delimitation. The Hierarchical Delimitation tab
page is displayed.
Step 3 Set parameters on the Hierarchical Delimitation tab page.
Step 4 Click Analyze and wait for the fault analysis report.
Table 2-3 GUI parameter description
Parameter Description
Confirm the start time Set the start time based on the time when faults occur.
Select the KPI
items
Set this parameter based on the abnormal KPIs by
observing the KPI trend curve.
History analysis In the drop-down list, select the time of saving historical
analysis reports, and click Query.
Result
 Successful operation
A new browser window is displayed with the fault analysis report presented on a web
page.

20
Table 2-4 Button Functions
Button Name Description
Save Report When using the IE browser, click this button to save the
diagnosis report as an html page. On the saved html page,
the log GUI does not provide the query or filtering function.
When using the FireFox browser, there will be no Save
Report button and you can use the save function of the
browser itself to save the diagnosis report.
Download Source Data Set this parameter based on the abnormal KPIs by
observing the KPI trend curve.
The following table lists information in a fault analysis report.
Table 2-5 Information in a fault analysis report
Button Name Description
Fault cells Cells that are affected by faults.
Scenario selection The smallest identifiable objects obtained after faults are
decomposed based on standard protocol layers.
 Unsuccessful operation
A dialog box is displayed with the failure cause.

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 3 Common Maintenance Functions
21
3 Common Maintenance Functions
3.1 About This Chapter
This chapter describes common maintenance functions and how to perform the functions
during troubleshooting.
3.2 MBTS Emergency OM Channel
This chapter describes the functions, application scenarios, and usage methods of MBTS
emergency OM channel.
3.2.1 Overview
If the OM channel of one mode in a separate-MPT MBTS fails, the available OM channels of
other modes can be used for remote troubleshooting on the LMT for the base station whose
OM channel is faulty. In this way, unnecessary site visit is avoided and fault location becomes
efficient and cost-effective.
Step 1 Function Introduction
An emergency OM channel can be established between a GBTS and an
eGBTS/NodeB/eNodeB, or among the eGBTS, NodeB, and eNodeB, as shown in Figure 3-1
and Figure 3-2. A GBTS can only serve as the proxy base station instead of the target base
station. A base station whose OM channel is normal can serve as the proxy base station; while
a base station whose OM channel is faulty is the target base station.
Figure 3-1 Emergency OM channel between a GBTS and an eGBTS/NodeB/eNodeB

22
Figure 3-2 Emergency OM channel among eGBTS, NodeB, and eNodeB
With an emergency OM channel, the Proxy MML and Proxy PNP Trace functions can be used
on the proxy base station. For details about the functions, see 3.5.4 Function Description.
Step 2 Security About the Emergency OM Channel
If the security requirement of the target base station is higher than that of the proxy base
station, using the emergency OM channel lowers the security of the target base station. For
example, if a NodeB and an eNodeB serve as the proxy and target base stations, respectively
and the OM channel encryption mechanism of the eNodeB is higher than that of the NodeB,
using the emergency OM channel lowers the security of the eNodeB.
3.2.2 Application Scenarios
Read the following notes before establishing an emergency OM channel:
 The proxy base station and the target base station support different transport protocol
stacks. Table 3-1 shows the transport protocol stacks supported by the proxy base station
and the target base station.
Table 3-1 Transport protocol stacks supported by the proxy and target base stations
Transport Protocol Stack Is Supported by Proxy
Base Station?
Is Supported by Target
Base Station?
TDM for GBTS Yes No
IP over E1 for
GBTS/eGBTS/NodeB
Yes Yes
IP over Ethernet for
GBTS/NodeB/eNodeB
Yes Yes
ATM for NodeB Yes Yes
 Either separate transmission or co-transmission can be used by the proxy and target base
stations. In the co-transmission scenario, both panel and backplane interconnections can
be used.
 The proxy and target base stations can be configured with either one or multiple BBUs.
At present, a maximum of two BBUs are supported.
 Table 3-2 describes the MPT types and modes of the proxy and target base stations,
which can be combined to support the emergency OM channel establishment.

23
Table 3-2 Combination of MPT types and modes of the proxy and target base stations
MPT Type and Mode of Proxy Base
Station
MPT Type and Mode of Target Base
Station
GTMU-G  WMPT-U
 LMPT-L
 UMPT_U
 UMPT_L
 UMPT_UL
WMPT-U  LMPT-L
 UMPT_L
 UMPT_GL
LMPT-L  WMPT-U
 UMPT_U
 UMPT_GU
UMPT_G  WMPT-U
 LMPT-L
 UMPT_UL
 UMPT_U
 UMPT_L
UMPT_U  LMPT-L
 UMPT_GL
 UMPT_G
 UMPT_L
UMPT_L  WMPT-L
 UMPT_GU
 UMPT_G
 UMPT_U
UMPT_GU  LMPT-L
 UMPT_L
UMPT_GL  WMPT-U
 UMPT_U
UMPT_UL UMPT_G
When the emergency OM channel is enabled, the OM data is transmitted to the target base
station through the OM channel of the proxy base station. The data rate on the OM channel of
the GBTS is less than 64 kbit/s. Therefore, before enabling the emergency OM channel,
ensure that the no congestion occurs on the OM channel of the proxy base station. Otherwise,
the emergency OM channel cannot work or services of the proxy base station will not be
affected.

24
3.2.3 Emergency OM Channel Establishment
This section describes how to establish an emergency OM channel and verify establishment
results.
Step 1 Establishment Method
To establish an emergency OM channel, the proxy base station must be selected first and then
the information of the target base station must be correctly configured.
Select the proxy base station.
The methods of confirming which base station can be selected as the proxy base stations
are as follows
− If the base stations of all modes in a multi-mode base station are configured with the
same DID, the U2000 automatically matches the proxy base station to the target base
station. For example, MBTS-GUMUX+L3 separate-MPT base stations are in the
same frame in the Main Topology window.
Figure 3-3 Automatically matching the proxy base station to target base station
− You can select the proxy base station according to the site planning of the operator,
for example, by identifying the base stations with the same site name.
If the GBTS serves as the proxy base station, you need to establish the emergency
OM channel on the GBSC LMT. If the eGBTS/NodeB/eNodeB serves as the proxy
base station, you need to establish the emergency OM channel on the LMT of the
corresponding base station.

25
Take the GBTS as an example. Start the GBSC LMT on the U2000 by right-clicking
the GBTS serving as the proxy base station and then choosing Maintenance Client
from the shortcut menu, as shown in Figure 3-4.
Figure 3-4 Selecting the proxy base station
Establish the emergency OM channel.
Figure 3-5 and Figure 3-6 show how to establish the emergency OM channel on the
GBSC LMT and on the LMT of eGBTS/NodeB/eNodeB, respectively.
Figure 3-5 Emergency OM channel establishment on the GBSC LMT

26
Figure 3-6 Emergency OM channel establishment on the LMT of eGBTS/NodeB/eNodeB
(taking the eGBTS as an example)
Figure 3-7 shows the parameter settings in different configuration scenarios.
Figure 3-7 Parameter settings
SN Configuration Scenario
1 Single-BBU
2 Two-BBU (in multi-BBU scenario) with the
subrack number of the target base station
being 0
3 Two-BBU (in multi-BBU scenario) with the
subrack number of the target base station
being 1

27
Configuration notes are as follows:
− In single-BBU scenario, the following information of the target base station must be
configured.
− Main Control Board Sot No.: This parameter can be set to 6 or 7.
− User Name and Password: These two parameters specify the user name and
password for logging in to the LMT. Note that the user name and password must have
been granted administrator permissions. By default, the user name is admin and the
password is hwbs@com. Both are case-sensitive.
If they have been changed, set the parameters to the new ones.
− In multi-BBU scenario, in addition to the preceding information in single-BBU
scenario, the inter-BBU topology information of base stations must also be
configured.
− Main Control Board Subrack No.: This parameter specifies the number of the BBU
housing the main control board of the target base station. This parameter is set to 0
and 1 if the main control board is configured in the root BBU and leaf BBU,
respectively.
− If the preceding parameter is set to 1, parameters in the CTRLLNK MO need to be
configured.
− CTPLLNK Parent Node Slot No.: This parameter is set to the number of the slot
where the parent-node UMPT locates in UMPT interconnection scenario, and is set to
the number of the slot where the parent-node UCIU locates in UCIU-UMPT
interconnection scenario.
− CTPLLNK Parent Node Port No.: This parameter is fixedly set to 8 in UMPT
interconnection scenario, and is set to a value within the range of 0 to 4 in
UCIU-UMPT interconnection scenario.
If the parameter setting is inconsistent with the actual configuration, the OM channel may be
connected to an incorrect board, therefore failing to establish the emergency OM channel.
Step 2 Establishment Result Verification
After an emergency OM channel is successfully established, a message indicating the
successful establishment will be displayed on the Web LMT, as shown in Figure 3-8.
Figure 3-8 Message for successful emergency OM channel establishment

28
If the emergency OM channel fails to be established, a message indicating the establishment
failure will be displayed on the Web LMT, as shown in .
Figure 3-9 Message for emergency OM channel establishment failure
If the establishment fails, check and handle faults according to the following causes:
 The connection of the remote OM channel or local LMT of the target base station is
normal. If the OM channel between the target base station and the U2000 is normal or
the target base station is locally logged in to using the Web LMT, the emergency OM
channel cannot be established.
An emergency OM channel is an emergent troubleshooting method for fault scenarios. Its
priority is lower than that of normal maintenance methods. In normal maintenance modes, do
not establish emergency OM channels.
 An emergency OM channel has been established on the target or proxy base station.
During the establishment of an emergency OM channel, a single main control board can
serve as or is served by the proxy of only one main control board within the MBTS.
 The emergency OM channel is immediately enabled after they automatically disable due
to exceptions on the target or proxy base station. For example, the target or proxy base
station resets, or the transmission on the emergency OM channel is interrupted for a
period and then recovers. If an emergency OM channel disables abnormally, it retains
between the target and proxy base stations within five minutes after the disabling and
deletes automatically after five minutes.
 The target base station does not support the establishment of the emergency OM channel.
Emergency OM channel is unavailable if the GBTS serves as the target base station.
 The number of emergency OM channels established on a GBSC exceeds the maximum
value. Currently, a maximum of 30 emergency OM channels can be established on the
GBTSs connecting to one GBSC. If the number exceeds the maximum value, a message
indicating establishment failure will be displayed. In this case, existing emergency OM
channels can be disabled so that a new emergency OM channel can be established.
 Emergency OM channel establishment expires. Establishment expiration may be caused
by location information configuration failure of the target base station, the main control
board of the target base station being the standby board, or internal communication
errors. The handling suggestions are as follows:
Ensure that the location information of the target base station is correctly configured.
Ensure that the main control board of the target base station works in the active mode.

29
Check whether the OM link is congested if the GBTS serves as the proxy base station. If yes,
establish the emergency OM channel when the OM link is not congested.
 If the fault persists, contact Contacting Huawei Technical Support.
3.2.4 Function Description
Step 1 Proxy PNP Trace
After the emergency channel is enabled, you can use the Proxy PNP Trace function on the
proxy base station to start a PNP tracing task for the target base station so that remote
monitoring can be performed for the PnP deployment of the target base station.
To start a proxy PNP tracing task on the GBSC LMT, information of the proxy base station must be
specified.
The proxy PNP tracing task provides the same functions as a common PNP tracing task. Both
can be started and stopped, and the tracing results can be automatically or manually saved.
PNP tracing applies only to the IP protocol stack.
Figure 3-10 and Figure 3-11 show the dialog box for setting parameters and the main window
for showing tracing results of a proxy PNP tracing task on the GBSC LMT, respectively.
Figure 3-10 Dialog box for setting parameter on the GBSC LMT

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Figure 3-11 Main window for showing tracing results on the GBSC LMT
Figure 3-12 shows the main window for showing tracing results of a proxy PNP tracing task
on the LMT of eGBTS/NodeB/eNodeB (taking the eGBTS as an example below).
Figure 3-12 Main window for showing tracing results on the LMT of eGBTS/NodeB/eNodeB
Step 2 Proxy MML
After the emergency OM channel is established, MML commands can be delivered to the
target base station. If the GBTS serves as the proxy base station, choose BTS Maintenance >
MML By Proxy on the GBSC LMT, and then input the commands.
 Figure 3-13 shows the main window for using the Proxy MML function on the GBSC
LMT.

31
Figure 3-13 Main window for using Proxy MMLon the GBSC LMT
The details about the Proxy MML function on the GBSC LMT are as follows:
− Commands can only be manually input or copied to the MML command input area.
− Batch execution of MML commands is supported. The user can input a maximum of
20 commands at a time and the LMT executes the commands one by one.
− Commands can be entered, copied, pasted, and deleted.
− Command outputs can be manually or automatically saved and can be cleared.
− Format check can be performed for commands. However, semantic check and
parameter check are not supported.
− The command expiration complies with the expiration mechanism set for all
commands on the LMT.
− CTRL+Q can be pressed to stop ping commands.
 Figure 3-14 shows the main window for using the Proxy MML function on the LMT of
eGBTS/NodeB/eNodeB (taking the eGBTS as an example below).

32
Figure 3-14 Main window for using Proxy MMLon the LMT of eGBTS/NodeB/eNodeB
The details about the Proxy MML function on the LMT of eGBTS/NodeB/eNodeB are as
follows:
− To deliver commands to the target base station, select the Use MML By Proxy check
box. To execute commands on the proxy base station, clear the Use MML By Proxy
check box.
− Both the command outputs for the proxy and target base stations will be printed in the
Common Maintenance tab page.
− Command auto-displaying, parameter check, and semantic check are supported for
commands of the target base station based on the Macro.ini of the proxy base station.
The navigation tree, search, operation record, online help, historical command help,
and execution function are the same as those of normal MML.
− Performing the preceding checks based on the Macro.ini of the proxy base station
may result in mismatch in MML command sets, parameters, and descriptions with
those of the target base station. The differences are as follows:
− RAT-related command sets: RAT-related commands cannot be delivered using the
emergency OM channel.
− Common command sets: ATM-related commands are not supported on
GBTSs/eGBTSs and eNodeBs and IPv6-related commands are not supported on
GBTSs and NodeBs. If a GBTS/eGBTS or an eNodeB serves as the proxy of a
NodeB, ATM-related commands cannot be input. If a NodeB serves as the proxy of a
GBTS/eGBTS or an eNodeB, ATM-related commands can be input but cannot be
executed on the GBTS/eGBTS or eNodeB.
− Online help and attribute information in notes: Only the online help and attribute
information in notes of the proxy base station can displayed.
− When the Use MML By Proxy check box is selected, only format check rather than
semantic check can be performed for the commands entered or copied in the MML
command input area. The commands are directly delivered to the target base station.
These commands cannot be displayed in the Command History text box, which
ensure that the commands having differences in two RATs can be normally input.
− CTRL+Q can be pressed to stop ping commands.

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3.2.5 Troubleshooting
Step 1 Abnormal Proxy Status
During the enabling or operation of proxy functions, the functions may automatically disable.
The causes are as follows:
 The connection of the remote OM channel or local LMT of the target base station
restores.
 The communication among the Web LMT, proxy base station, and target base station is
abnormal, or the proxy base station is busy.
For the first cause, the Web LMT displays a message and the target base station automatically
switches to the normal OM channel for maintenance.
For the second cause, whether the connection between the Web LMT and the proxy base
station is normal must be checked first. If the connection is abnormal, restore the connection.
If the connection is normal and the GBTS serves as the proxy base station, check whether the
OM link is congested using an Abis interface tracing task.
If the connection is normal and the eGBTS/NodeB/eNodeB serves as the proxy base station, the
bandwidth is large and OM link congestion seldom occurs. In this case, no message tracing is required
for checking the congestion.
Step 2 MML Command Execution Exception
 When the GBTS serves as the proxy base station, commands for querying logs, such as
alarm logs and operation logs, generates a large number of messages to be reported. In
this case, the commands may be discarded by the GBTS due to capability limitation.
Therefore, it is not recommended such commands be executed on the emergency OM
channel, especially when GTMUa is used as the main control board of the GBTS as its
data processing capability is limited. n the preceding case, the command execution
expiration is displayed.
 Commands related to FTP file transfer fail to be executed due to the following reason:
File transfer is based on FTP and the FTP server is on the LMT. An emergency OM
channel only enables commands related to FTP file transfer to be delivered to the target
base station and to be executed. However, the FTP server is unreachable, and therefore
file transfer fails. If the multimode base station properly connects to the FTP server,
commands related to FTP file transfer can be executed.
3.2.6 Example of Using the Proxy MML Function
The emergency OM channel does not support the transmission of configuration file using an
FTP server. Therefore, the OM channel must be established for the target base station as soon
as possible using MML commands. This section describes how to establish an OM channel
for the target base station using the Proxy MML function in separate transmission networking
with an SeGW, separate transmission networking without an SeGW, and co-transmission
networking.
Step 1 Separate Transmission Networking with an SeGW
Figure 3-15 shows the separate transmission networking with an SeGW.

34
Figure 3-15 Separate transmission networking with an SeGW
Assume that the OM channel of the eNodeB is faulty and the GBTS/eGBTS serves as the
proxy base station. Establish the emergency OM channel for the eNodeB as follows:
Configure the OM channel.
Disable f the DHCP detection. The following is a command example:
SET DHCPSW: SWITCH=DISABLE;
Add a cabinet. The following is a command example:
ADD CABINET: CN=0, TYPE=APM30;
Add a subrack. The following is a command example:
ADD SUBRACK: CN=0, SRN=0, TYPE=BBU3900;
Add a board. The following is a command example:
ADD BRD: CN=0, SRN=0, SN=7, BT=UMPT:;
Add an Ethernet port. The following is a command example:
ADD ETHPORT: CN=0, SRN=0, SN=7, SBT=BASE_BOARD, PN=0, PA=COPPER, MTU=1500,
SPEED=100M, DUPLEX=FULL, FC=OPEN:;
Add the interface IP address for the OM channel. The following is a command example:
ADD DEVIP: CN=0, SRN=0, SN=7, SBT=BASE_BOARD, PT=ETH, PN=0, IP="20.20.20.188",
MASK="255.255.255.0":;
Add the route for the OM channel. The following is a command example:
ADD IPRT: RTIDX=0, CN=0, SRN=0, SN=7, SBT=BASE_BOARD, DSTIP="60.60.60.60",
DSTMASK="255.255.255.0", RTTYPE=NEXTHOP, NEXTHOP="20.20.20.1";
Add an OM channel. The following is a command example:
ADD OMCH: FLAG=MASTER, IP="31.31.31.188", MASK="255.255.255.0",
PEERIP="60.60.60.60", PEERMASK="255.255.255.0", BEAR=IPV4, BRT=YES, RTIDX=0,
BINDSECONDARYRT=NO, CHECKTYPE=NONE:;
Configure the IPSec tunnel.
Configure the local IKE. The following is a command example:
SET IKECFG: IKELNM="IKECFG1", IKEKLI=20, IKEKLT=60, DSCP=48;
Add the IKE proposal. The following is a command example:

35
ADD IKEPROPOSAL: PROPID=10, ENCALG=3DES, AUTHALG=MD5, AUTHMETH=IKE_RSA_SIG,
DHGRP=DH_GROUP14, DURATION=86400;
Add the IKE peer. The following is a command example:
ADD IKEPEER: PEERNAME="ike", PROPID=10, IKEVERSION=IKE_V1, EXCHMODE=MAIN,
IDTYPE=IP, REMOTEIP="90.90.90.90", REMOTENAME="secgw", DPD=PERIODIC,
DPDIDLETIME=20, DPDRETRI=4, DPDRETRN=6, LOCALIP="20.20.20.188";
Add an ACL. The following is a command example:
ADD ACL: ACLID=3000, ACLDESC="for IPsec";
Add ACL rules to the ACL. The following is a command example:
ADD ACLRULE: ACLID=3000, RULEID=1, ACTION=PERMIT, PT=IP, SIP="31.31.31.188",
SWC="0.0.0.0", DIP="60.60.60.60", DWC="0.0.0.0", MDSCP=NO;
Add the IPSec proposal. The following is a command example:
ADD IPSECPROPOSAL: PROPNAME="prop0", ENCAPMODE=TUNNEL, TRANMODE=ESP,
ESPAUTHALG=MD5,ESPENCALG=DES;
Add the IPSec security policy. The following is a command example:
ADD IPSECPOLICY: SPGN="Policy", SPSN=1, ACLID=3000, PROPNAME="prop0",
PEERNAME="ike", PFS= DISABLE, LTCFG=LOCAL, LTS=86400, REPLAYWND=WND_DISABLE;
Bind the IPSec security policy and the outgoing port. The following is a command
example:
ADD IPSECBIND: CN=0, SRN=0, SN=7, SBT=BASE_BOARD, PT=ETH, PN=0, SPGN="Policy";
If the base station has obtained the device certificate of the operator, perform the following
operation to enable it to take effect.
Set the parameters related to the application certificate. The following is a command
example:
MOD APPCERT: APPTYPE=IKE, APPCERT="OPKIDevCert.cer ";
The base station automatically obtains the device certificate from the CA during PnP
deployment or shares the device certificate with the main control board of another
board.
If the base station has not obtained the device certificate of the operator, manually obtain the
certificate. The PKI process is as follows:
Specify the main control board for loading the device certificate on the eNodeB. The
following is a command example:
SET CERTDEPLOY: DEPLOYTYPE=SPECIFIC, CN=0, SRN=0, SN=7;
Set the parameters related to certificate request template. The following is a command
example:
MOD CERTREQ: COMMNAME=ESN, USERADDINFO=".huawei.com", COUNTRY="CN", ORG="ITEF",
ORGUNIT="Hw", STATEPROVINCENAME="sc", LOCALITY="cd",
KEYUSAGE=DATA_ENCIPHERMENT-1&DIGITAL_SIGNATURE-1&KEY_AGREEMENT-1&KEY_ENCIPHE
RMENT-1, SIGNALG=SHA1, KEYSIZE=KEYSIZE1024,
LOCALNAME="abcdefghijklmn.huawei.com", LOCALIP="20.20.20.188";
Set the parameters related to the CA server of the operator. The following is a command
example:
ADD CA: CANAME="C = AU, S = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = eca1",
URL="http://88.88.88.88:80/pkix/";
Set the parameters required for device certificate application for the eNodeB. The

36
REQ DEVCERT: CANAME="C=AU, S=Some-State, O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN=eca1",
APPCERT="OPKIDevCert.cer";
After the configuration takes effect, the certificate application starts.
Load the root certificate of the operator. The following is a command example:
ADD TRUSTCERT: CERTNAME="OperationCA.cer";
Set the parameters related to the application certificate. The following is a command
example:
MOD APPCERT: APPTYPE=IKE, APPCERT="OPKIDevCert.cer ";
Set the tasks for periodically checking the certificate validity. The following is a
command example:
SET CERTCHKTSK: ISENABLE=ENABLE, PERIOD=7, ALMRNG=30, UPDATEMETHOD=CMP;
Download the CRL file. The following is a command example:
DLD
CERTFILE:IP="60.60.60.60",USR="admin",PWD="*****",SRCF="eNodeB.crl",DSTF="eN
odeB.crl";
(Optional) Set the parameters related to CRL. The following is a command example:
ADD CRL: CERTNAME="eNodeB.crl";
(Optional) Set the parameters related to periodical CRL download task. The following is
a command example:
ADD CRLTSK: IP="86.86.86.86", USR="admin", PWD="*****", FILENAME="NodeB.crl",
ISCRLTIME=DISABLE, TSKID=0, CRLGETMETHOD=FTP;
(Optional) Set the CRL application policy. The following is a command example:
SET CRLPOLICY: CRLPOLICY= NOVERIFY;
Observe the OM Channel State and check whether the OM channel state is normal. The
DSP OMCH: FLAG=MASTER;
Observe the IPSec Tunnel.
Check the status of the IKE SA. Run the following command and check whether the SA
FLAG is Ready in the command output:
DSP IKESA: CN=0, SRN=0, SN=7, IKEVSN=IKE_V1, DSPMODE=VERBOSE, IKEPNM="peer",
PHASE=PHASE1;
If yes, go to step 6.b. If no, IPSec fails to be activated.
Check the status of the IPSec SA. Run the following command and check whether IPSec
SA data is displayed in the command output:
DSP IPSECSA: CN=0, SRN=0, SN=7, SPGN="policy", SPSN=1;
If yes, this feature has been activated.
Check whether services are properly protected by the IPSec tunnel. Run the following
command to check the ACL rules and determine whether services are properly
protected by the IPSec tunnel:
LST ACLRULE:;
Observe PKI features.
Check the status of the device certificate. Run the following command and check
whether the certificate loading state is normal in the command output:
DSP APPCERT:;
If yes, the device certificate has been loaded on the eNodeB.

37
Check the status of the trust certificate. Run the following command and check whether
the certificate loading state is normal in the command output:
DSP TRUSTCERT:;
If yes, the trust certificate has been loaded on the eNodeB.
(Optional) Check the CRL status. Run the following command and check whether the
certificate loading state is normal in the command output:
DSP CRL:;
If yes, the CRL has been loaded on the eNodeB.
Step 2 Separate Transmission Networking Without an SeGW
Figure 3-16 shows the separate transmission networking without an SeGW.
Figure 3-16 Separate transmission networking without an SeGW
Establish the emergency OM channel for the eNodeB as follows:
Turn off the DHCP detection. The following is a command example:
Add an Ethernet port. The following is a command example:
ADD ETHPORT: CN=0, SRN=0, SN=7, SBT=BASE_BOARD, PN=0, PA=COPPER, MTU=1500,
SPEED=100M, DUPLEX=FULL, FC=OPEN:;
Add the interface IP address for the OM channel. The following is a command example:
ADD DEVIP: CN=0, SRN=0, SN=7, SBT=BASE_BOARD, PT=ETH, PN=0, IP="20.20.20.188",
MASK="255.255.255.0":;

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Observe the OM channel state and check whether the OM channel state is normal. The
Step 3 Co-Transmission Networking
Figure 3-17 shows the co-transmission networking.
Figure 3-17 Co-transmission networking
Establish the emergency OM channel for the eNodeB as follows:
Turn off the DHCP detection. The following is a command example:
ADD IPRT: RTIDX=0, CN=0, SRN=0, SN=6, SBT=BACK_BOARD, DSTIP="60.60.60.60",
DSTMASK="255.255.255.0", RTTYPE=IF, IFT=TUNNEL;
Check whether the OM channel state is normal. The following is a command example:

39
If no, the OM channel is faulty.
3.2.7 Other Operations
Step 1 Query the MAC Address of the Target Base Station
To obtain the MAC address of the target base station, run the following command:
DSP ETHPORT: CN=0, SRN=0, SN=7, SBT=BASE_BOARD;
Step 2 Query the ESN of the Main Control Board in the Target Base Station
To obtain the ESN of the main control board, run the following command:
LST ESN:;
3.3 Transmission Maintenance Function
This section describes the common maintenance function during the diagnosis of transmission
faults.
3.3.1 Checking for Faults in Crossed Pair Connections
Function Description
This function allows users to detect faults caused by crossed pair connections at E1 ports
when equipment at two ends interconnects. Crossed pair connections cause the
communication of signals at the physical layer, upper link failure, and service setup failure.
There are two crossed pair connections, which are described as follows:
Crossed pair connection 1: The TX ends of two pairs of E1 lines are connected to the RX ends,
as shown in Figure 3-18.
Crossed pair connection 2: The TX end of an E1 line is connected to the RX end of the other
E1 line, as shown in Figure 3-19.
Figure 3-18 Crossed pair connection 1

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Figure 3-19 Crossed pair connection 2
Prerequisites
No alarms are generated on the E1 port to be detected.
Operation Procedure
Step 1 Perform a remote loopback detection on the local RNC.
Step 2 Run SET E1T1LOP on the RNC, and set LOPT to REMOTE_LOOP.
Ongoing services will be affected. Therefore, do not perform this operation without
permission. Exercise caution while performing the operation, if required.
Step 3 Check for loopback alarms on the peer NodeB.
----End
Operation Results
Check whether the ALM-25807 E1/T1 alarm is generated on the NodeB, with the cause value
of physical loopback.
If no alarm is generated, crossed pair connections fail.
If the alarm is generated, crossed pair connections are correct.
3.3.2 Performing a Bit Error Monitoring on the E1/T1 Port
This function enables users to monitor statistical information about bit errors on the E1/T1
port and learn the transmission quality on links of the port in real time.
For the BSC6900, this function is applicable to the AEUa/AOUc/PEUa/PEUc/POUc boards.

41
For the BSC6910, this function is applicable to the AOUc boards.
Operation Procedure
Step 1 Log in to the RNC LMT.
Step 2 On the LMT, click Monitor. The Monitor tab page is displayed.
Step 3 In the monitor navigation tree, choose Monitor > Common Monitoring, and then
double-click Bit Error Monitoring.
Step 4 In the displayed Bit Error Monitoring dialog box, set parameters, and then click OK to start
monitoring.
----End
Operation Results
After the bit error monitoring starts, a monitoring window is displayed. The toolbar shows the
task name and related parameters and real-time monitoring results are displayed in the list or
chart mode, as shown in Figure 3-20.
Figure 3-20 Bit error monitoring results
3.3.3 Using VCLCC to Check for Link Faults
This function enables users to check for faults on the SAAL link, IPoA PVC, and AAL2 path.
For the BSC6900, this function is applicable to the AEUa/AOUa/AOUc/UOIa (ATM) /UOIc
boards.
For the BSC6910, this function is applicable to the AOUc/UOIc boards.

42
Before you perform this operation, the peer end (MGW/MSC/SGSN) complies with the ATM F5
protocol and the virtual channel link continuity check (VCLCC) function has been activated. The NodeB
only responds to the detection function.
The function is activated only when upper-layer applications (NCP/CCP/ADJNODE/MTP3LNK) are
configured on the SAAL link.
Operation Procedure
Step 1 Determine the links to be monitored according to alarms and performance counters.
Step 2 Start a monitoring task of a specified link. Run ACT VCLCC on the RNC and set Activation
Mode to CC.
Step 3 Run DSP VCLCC on the RNC to query monitoring results.
Step 4 Run DEA VCLCC on the RNC to stop the monitoring task.
----End
Operation Results
VCLCC has been activated if no ALM-21324 VCL CC alarms are generated on the RNC.
Check whether the following alarms are generated:
1. ALM-21321 VCL CC Detection Failure
2. ALM-21322 VCL Alarm Indication Signal
3. ALM-21323 VCL Remote Alarm Indication
If one of the alarms is generated, the links fails or packets are discarded. If no alarm is
generated, the link is normal.
3.3.4 Using VCLCC to Check for Link Delays
This function enables users to detect whether the SAAL link, IPoA PVC and AAL2 path is
delayed. The local end transmits detected signals to the peer end and the peer end directly
transmits the received signals back to the local end, Then, the local end calculates the
difference from the time when signals are transmitted to the time when signals are received,
which is called link delay.
For the BSC6900, this function is applicable to the AEUa/AOUa/AOUc/UOIa (ATM)/UOIc
boards.
For the BSC6910, this function is applicable to the AOUc/UOIc boards.
protocol and the virtual channel link continuity check (VCLCC) function has been activated. The NodeB
only responds to the detection function.
The function is activated only when upper-layer applications (NCP/CCP/ADJNODE/MTP3LNK) are
configured on the SAAL link.

43
Operation Procedure
Step 2 Start a monitoring task of a specified link. Run ACT VCLCC on the RNC and set Activation
Mode to LOOKBACK.
Step 3 Run DSP VCLCC on the RNC to query monitoring results.
Step 4 Run DEA VCLCC on the RNC to stop the monitoring task.
----End
Operation Results
Loopback detection succeeds if no ALM-21326 VCL LB alarms are generated on the RNC.
Analyze the DSP VCLCC command execution result. If LB Test Result is Succeeded, you
can obtain the link delay. Run the command for multiple times to check a change in the link
delay.
+++ WCDMA-RNC 2010-09-21 11:53:22
O&M #7112
%%DSP VCLCC: LNKT=AAL2PATH, ANI=150, PATHID=4;%%
RETCODE = 0 Execution succeeded.
Continuous check result
-----------------------
Adjacent node of AAL2 path = 150
AAL2 path ID = 4
SINK activated state = CC_DOWN
SOURCE activated state = CC_DOWN
LB Test result = Succeeded
LOC alarm = Normal
AIS alarm = Normal
RDI alarm = Normal
CC activated failure alarm = Normal
LB failure alarm = Normal
Average Time Delay[ms] = 8
Max Time Delay[ms] = 8
Min Time Delay[ms] = 8
(Number of results = 1)
--- END
3.3.5 Using VCLPM to Check for Abnormal Links
Prerequisites
The VCLCC function has been activated at local and peer ends and remains activated during
VCLPM.

44
This function enables user to check the number of discarded cells and the number of
misinsertion cells on the VCL of multiple SAAL links, AAL2 paths, and IPOA PVC links at
the same time.
This function is applicable to the AOUc/UOIc board on the RNC and not applicable to NodeB V1.
If the version of the backplane subrack that houses the boards is VER.A or VER B. (the version is
queried by running DSP BRDVER), the MSP 1+1 single-end mode (in the SET MSP command
execution, MODE is set to MODE2) does not support the VCL PM function. If the version is VER C or
a later version, the MSP 1+1 single-end mode supports the VCL PM function.
Operation Procedure
Step 2 Run ACT VCLPM on the RNC or NodeB to activate the PM function of the specified PVC.
Step 3 Run DSP VCLPM on the RNC or NodeB to query and record the results.
Step 4 Run the command for five consecutive times at an interval of three minutes.
Note: If you run the preceding command once, only the accumulated values of the counters
can be queried. Generally, you can obtain the link quality in a certain period by running the
command for multiple times and calculating the difference of the counter values.
Step 5 Run DEA VCLPM on the RNC to stop the monitoring task.
----End
Operation Results
Analyze the DSP VCLPM command execution result. If one of the following parameter
value increases, the link fails:
 Number of Discard Cells by Send
 Number of Wrong Inserted Cells by Send
 Number of Discard Cells by Receive
 Number of Wrong Inserted Cells by Receive
 Wrong Cells calculated by BIP16 in SOURCE
 Wrong Cells calculated by BIP16 in SINK
Otherwise, the link is normal.
3.3.6 Performing VCL Link Performance Query
This function enables users to query the number of transmitted/received cells, packets, bytes,
and error bytes of the SAAL link, AAL2 path and IPOA PVC.
Operation Procedure

45
Step 2 Run DSP AALVCCPFM on the RNC to query and record the results.
Step 3 Run the command for five consecutive times at an interval of three minutes.
Note: If you run the preceding command once, only the accumulated values of the counters can be
queried. Generally, you can obtain the link quality in a certain period by running the command for
multiple times and calculating the difference of the counter values.
----End
Operation Results
Analyze the DSPAALVCCPFM command execution result. If one of the following
parameter value increases, the link fails or is of poor transmission quality:
 Number of Sent/Received Cells
 Number of Sent/Received Packets
 Number of Sent/Received Bytes
 Number of Sent/Received Error Bytes
Otherwise, the link is normal or of poor quality.
3.3.7 Performing the IP over ATM OMCH Continuity Check
This function enables users to check IP over ATM OMCH connectivity on the RNC.
Operation Procedure
Step 1 Check RNC scripts and locate the local IP address of the OMCH based on the NodeB ID.
ADD UNODEBIP:NODEBID=10009, NBTRANTP=ATMTRANS_IP, ATMSRN=3,
ATMSN=24, NBATMOAMIP="10.136.76.36".
Step 2 Locate the peer IP address of the OMCH based on the NodeB IP address.
ADD IPOAPVC:IPADDR="10.136.76.1", PEERIPADDR="10.136.76.36",
CARRYT=NCOPT, CARRYNCOPTN=1, CARRYVPI=1, CARRYVCI=33, TXTRFX=240,
RXTRFX=240, PEERT=IUB;
Step 3 Run PING IP on the RNC from the local IP address to the peer IP address of the OMCH.
PING IP: SRN=3, SN=24, SIPADDR="10.136.76.1", DESTIP="10.136.76.36",
CONTPING=NO, PKTSIZE=56;
Step 4 Perform the continuity check using different ping packets.
1. Set the PKTSIZE parameter in the PING IP command to adjust packet sizes. Use 64,
500, 1000, and 1500 bytes packets to verify whether all packets fail to be transmitted or
whether only large packets fail to be transmitted.
2. Set the TIMES parameter in the PING IP command to adjust detection times. Set this
parameter to a large value, for example, 1000, to ensure the accuracy of the detection
result under different conditions.
----End

46
Operation Results
For details, see "Operation Results" in 3.3.10 "Using the Ping Operation to Perform the IP
Continuity Check."
3.3.8 Using LOP VCL to Check for Link Faults or Link Delays
This function enables users to check for faults or delays of the SAAL link, IPoA PVC and
AAL2 path.
protocol. The NodeB only responds to the detection function and NodeB V1 only supports the function
of detecting the AAL2 path link.
Operation Procedure
Run LOP VCL on the RNC to start the detection.
----End
Operation Results
In the command execution result, if Loopback result is Succeeded, the local end receives IEs
from the peer end and the PVC link is normal. In this case, the round trip time (RTT) of the
detected IE is displayed.
If Loopback result is Failed, the local end fails to receive IEs from the peer end and the PVC
link fails.
You are advised to run LOP VCL for multiple times to ensure that the detected VCL link quality is
accurate.
O&M #73423
%%LOP VCL: LNKT=AAL2PATH, ANI=14, PATHID=5;%%
Loopback result
---------------
Loopback result = Succeeded
Time Delay[ms] = 9
--- END
+++ HWBSC6810 2010-11-17 10:14:05
O&M #73555
%%LOP VCL: LNKT=IPOAPVC, IPADDR="192.168.1.250", PEERIPADDR="192.168.1.251";%%
Loopback result
---------------

47
Loopback result = Failed
Time Delay[ms] = <NULL>
--- END
3.3.9 Checking the Operating Status of the Ethernet Port
This function enables users to query the operating status and traffic volume on the Ethernet
port. The traffic volume is accumulative and you can analyze the data change by running the
command for multiple times.
For the BSC6900, this function is applicable to the FG2a/GOUa/FG2c/GOUc/GOUe boards.
For the BSC6910, this function is applicable to the FG2c/GOUc/GOUe/EXOUa boards.
Operation Procedure
Run DSP ETHPORT on the RNC or NodeB.
Operation Results
In the command execution result, if Link Availability Status is Unavailable, IP transmission
fails.
You can run the commands for multiple times and calculate the value differences to check
whether the number of received and transmitted correct bytes increases. If the number of
correct bytes increases, the transmission and reception of the port are abnormal.
If the number of incorrect bytes increases, the link of the port encounters error packets.
If the value of Number of received Multicast frame or Number of received broadcast
frame increases, broadcast or multicast packet shocks occur.
3.3.10 Using the Ping Operation to Perform the IP Continuity
Check
This function can be used to check the connectivity of the IP layer between the local end and
the destination end. It also enables users to check the connectivity, delay, jitter, packet loss,
and transient interruption on the network. You can perform ping operations segment by
segment to locate the area where the fault occurs.
Use 20, 500, and 1500 bytes packets to verify whether all packets fail to be transmitted or
whether only large packets fail to be transmitted.
Use different DSCP values configured on multiple paths to verify whether each DSCP packet
is transmitted properly.
Set this parameter to a large value, for example, 1000, to ensure the accuracy of the detection

48
Operation Procedure
Step 1 Determine the local IP address, subrack of the local IP address, slot of the local IP address,
and peer IP address before performing the ping operation.
Step 2 Run PING IP on the RNC or PING on the NodeB.
Step 3 Perform IP continuity check using different ping packets.
1. Set the PKTSIZE parameter in the PING IP command on the RNC or the PING
command on the NodeB to adjust the packet size. Use 20, 500, and 1500 bytes packets to
verify whether all packets fail to be transmitted or whether only large packets fail to be
transmitted.
2. Set the DSCP parameter in the PING IP command on the RNC or the PING command
on the NodeB to adjust the DSCP value. Use DSCP values on other links to verify
whether each DSCP packet is transmitted properly.
3. Set the TIMES parameter in the PING IP command on the RNC or set the NUM
parameter in the PING command on the NodeB to adjust detection times. Set this
parameter to a large value, for example, 1000, to ensure the accuracy of the detection
----End
Operation Results
Adjust the packet size and DSCP value to verify whether each packet is transmitted properly.
Check for the transmission delay or jitter according to the time value and the change in the
time value.
Check for transient interruption according to the number of times Request time out is
displayed.
Check for the packet loss rate according to the packet lost value.
The following is an example of the command execution result:
Example 1: After you perform the ping operation on the RNC, the transmission network is
normal. The command execution result is as follows:
Reply from 18.30.1.10: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=252 time=10 ms
--- 18.30.1.10 Ping statistics ---
4 packet(s) transmitted
4 packet(s) received
Percent 0.00 packet lost
round-trip min/avg/max = 10/10/11 ms
+++ MBSC15 2010-12-03 16:27:42
O&M #3837
%%PING IP: SRN=0, SN=24, SIPADDR="15.1.26.10", DESTIP="18.30.1.10", CONTPING=NO,
TXINT=2000;%%

49
10 reports in total
--- END
Example 2: After you perform the ping operation on the RNC, the command execution results
are all Request time out, which indicate that the transmission network is abnormal.
PING 18.30.1.10: 56 data bytes
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
0 packet(s) received
Example 3: After you perform the ping operation on the RNC, Request time out is displayed
occasionally in the command execution results, which indicate that packet loss occurs on the
transmission network and the packet loss rate is displayed.
PING 18.30.1.10: 56 data bytes
Request time out
Request time out
2packet(s) received
3.3.11 Using the Trace Operation to Check for Abnormal
Transmission Nodes
When the network is disconnected, this function detects the connectivity of each hop from the
local end to the destination end, obtain the IP address along the path, and locate the hop where
faults occur.
Operation Procedure
Step 1 Determine the local IP address, subrack of the local IP address, slot of the local IP address,
and peer IP address before performing the trace detection.
Step 2 Run TRC IPADDR on the RNC or TRACERT on the NodeB.
Step 3 Estimate a possible MAX TTL value, and continue the detection by increasing the estimated
MAX TTL value. If an IP address that is not displayed exists in the output, the estimated
MAX TTL value is larger than the actual number of hops.

50
1. It is the maximum TTL value of the transmitted TRACERT packets if you run TRC
IPADDR on the RNC.
2. It is the maximum TTL value if you run TRACERT on the NodeB.
----End
Operation Results
The network is normal if the output shows the IP address of the last hop matches the
destination IP address.
The network is abnormal if the output shows the IP address of the last hop does not match the
destination IP address and some IP addresses fail to be displayed. Locate the hop where the
faults occur and check for the faulty device.
Example 1: After you run TRC IPADDR on the RNC, the network is normal. The command
execution result is as follows:
%%TRC IPADDR: SRN=0, SN=24, DESTIP="18.30.1.10", MAXTTL=4, %%
traceroute to 18.30.1.10(18.30.1.10) 4 hops max,40 bytes packet
1 15.1.26.1 3 ms 4 ms 4 ms
2 40.3.2.3 2 ms 3 ms 3 ms
3 40.3.1.1 9 ms 8 ms 7 ms
4 18.30.1.10 3 ms 3 ms 3 ms
--- END
From the result, you can obtain each next-hop address on the path designated for the
destination address 18.30.1.10.
Example 2: After you run TRC IPADDR on the RNC, the network is abnormal. The
command execution result is as follows:
%%TRC IPADDR: SRN=0, SN=24, DESTIP="18.30.1.10", MAXTTL=4, %%
traceroute to 18.30.1.10(18.30.1.10) 4 hops max,40 bytes packet
1 15.1.26.1 3 ms 4 ms 4 ms
2 * * *
3 * * *
4 * * *
--- END
From the result, the last IP address is not the destination IP address and some IP addresses fail
to be displayed, indicating that the transmission over the port with its IP address of 15.1.26.1
fails.
3.3.12 Using the Ping Operation to Check the IP Path Status
The path ping function checks the IP path connectivity and link status.
In the path ping process, the RNC sends ICMP packets continuously to the destination IP
address and receives response packets along the IP path where this function is activated. You

51
can learn about the transmission status of the IP path according to the statistics of response
packets.
Operation Procedure
Run ADD IPPATH on the RNC or run MOD IPPATH on the NodeB. Set PATHCHK to
ENABLED to enable the IP path check function.
Operation Results
Check for the ALM-21581 Path Fault alarms. If such alarms are generated due to IP path ping
failures, the IP path is faulty.
Check for the delay, jitter, packet loss, and congestion of an IP path from the performance
measurement counters listed below.
Counter
VS.IPPATH.PING.MeanDELAY
VS.IPPATH.PING.MaxDELAY
VS.IPPATH.PING.MeanJITTER
VS.IPPATH.PING.MaxJITTER
VS.IPPATH.PING.MeanLOST
VS.IPPATH.PING.MaxLOST
VS.IPPATH.Fwd.Cong
VS.IPPATH.Fwd.Cong.Dur
VS.IPPATH.Bwd.Cong
VS.IPPATH.Bwd.Cong.Dur
3.3.13 Performing IP Loopback Detection to Check for Abnormal
Transmission Nodes
This function checks for faults in the RNC, the Iub interface or the Uu interface. Perform a
local loopback in the RNC to check whether faults occur in the RNC, and perform a remote
loopback between the RNC and the NodeB to check whether Iub transmission faults occur.
If the IP loopback result shows no packet loss and the delay is less than 15 ms, the fault
occurs in the Iu interface or the Uu interface.
This function is applicable to the IP networking over the Iub interface.

52
Do not perform this operation without permission, because ongoing services will be
interrupted.
Operation Procedure
Step 1 Determine the local and peer IP address, subrack and slot of the board.
Step 2 Run STR IPLOPTST on the RNC.
If Loop type is set to LOCAL_LOOP, detect the connectivity between the DSP and the
interface board.
If Loop type is set to REMOTE_LOOP, run SET UDPLOOP on the NodeB to start the IP
remote loopback according to the configured IP and the port number.
The detection time on the RNC must be shorter than the loopback time on the NodeB to ensure that the
NodeB is performing remote loopback.
Step 3 Run DSP IPLOPTST on the RNC.
Step 4 Stop the loopback on the RNC and on the NodeB.
Run SET UDPLOOP: LM=NOLOOP on the NodeB.
Run STP IPLOPTST on the RNC.
----End
Operation Results
In the command execution result, check whether the number of transmitted packets is the
same with that of received packets. If not, packet loss occurs.
%%DSP IPLOPTST: SRN=0, DPUSN=8, DSPNO=0;%%
Result of IP loopback test
--------------------------
Subrack No. = 0
DPU slot No. = 8
DSP No. = 0
INT Subrack No. = 2
INT slot No. = 24
Local IP = 15.0.24.10
Local port No. = 65040
Peer IP = 115.7.0.2
Peer port No. = 65040
Number of sent packets = 161
Number of received packets = 160
Average Time Delay[ms] = 1
--- END

53
3.3.14 Performing IP PM Detection to Check IP Path Performance
on the Iub Interface
This function detects delay, variation (that is, jitter), and packet loss rate of the IP path on the
Iub interface.
If packet loss occurs, IP PM activated on the RNC detects the downlink packet loss, and IP
PM activated on the NodeB detects the uplink packet loss.
Operation Procedure
Step 1 Determine the IP path to be detected.
Step 2 Run ACT IPPM on the RNC or ADD IPPMSESSION on the NodeB.
----End
Operation Results
Check for the following alarms on the RNC or NodeB:
1. NodeB ALM-25900 IP PM Activation Failure
2. RNC ALM-21341 IP PM Activation Failure
If one alarm is generated, the IP PM function is unavailable.
If no alarm is generated, check the following performance counters to obtain the TX rate,
packet loss rate, jitter, and delay of the IP path.
TX rate VS.IPPM.Bits.MeansTx
VS.IPPM.Peak.Bits.RateTx
VS.IPPM.Pkts.MeansTx
VS.IPPM.Peak.Pkts.RateTx
Packet loss
rate
VS.IPPM.Forword.DropMeans
VS.IPPM.Forword.Peak.DropRates
Jitter VS.IPPM.Forward.JitterStandardDeviation
VS.IPPM.Back.JitterStandardDeviation
Delay VS.IPPM.Rtt.Means IPPM
VS.IPPM.MaxRttDelay IPPM

54
3.3.15 Performing IP PM Detection to Check IP Pool Performance
on the Iub Interface
This function detects delay, variation (that is, jitter), and packet loss rate of the IP Pool on the
Iub interface.
If packet loss occurs, IP PM activated on the RNC detects the uplink and downlink packet
loss.
Operation Procedure
Step 1 Determine the IP address to be detected.
Step 2 Run ACT IPPOOLPM on the RNC.
----End
Operation Results
Check for the following alarms on the RNC:
1. RNC ALM-21341 IP PM Activation Failure
If one alarm is generated, the IP PM function is unavailable.
If no alarm is generated, check the following performance counters to obtain the TX rate,
packet loss rate, jitter, and delay of the IP Pool.
TX rate VS.IPPOOLPM.Bits.MeansTx
VS.IPPOOLPM.Peak.Bits.RateTx
VS.IPPOOLPM.Pkts.MeansTx
VS.IPPOOLPM.Peak.Pkts.RateTx
Packet loss
rate
VS.IPPOOLPM.Forword.DropMeans
VS.IPPOOLPM.Forword.Peak.DropRates
Jitter VS.IPPOOLPM.Forward.JitterStandardDeviation
VS.IPPOOLPM.Back.JitterStandardDeviation
Delay VS.IPPOOLPM.Rtt.Means IPPM
VS.IPPOOLPM.MaxRttDelay IPPM
3.3.16 Performing Node Synchronization Detection to Check for
Transmission Delay and Jitter on the User Plane
This function enables users to check the delay and jitter of the Iub interface on the user plane.

55
Operation Procedure
Step 1 In the LMT window, click Monitor to display the Monitor tab page.
Step 2 In the monitor navigation tree, choose Monitor > UMTS Monitoring > Cell Performance
Monitoring.
The Cell Performance Monitoring dialog box is displayed.
Step 3 In the displayed Cell Performance Monitoring dialog box, set Monitor Item to Node
Synchronization. Then click Submit to start performance monitoring.
----End
Operation Results
Two types of monitoring data, RFN/BFN difference and transmission delay are displayed in
table and chart mode.

56
3.3.17 Performing TWAMP Detection to Check for IP Link
Performance
This function enables users to detect round trip time (RTT), forward and backward jitters, and
forward and backward packet loss rates of an IP link.
Operation Procedure
Step 1 Determine the local and peer IP addresses to be detected.
Step 2 If the RNC actively initiates TWAMP detection, run ADD TWAMPCLIENT and ADD
TWAMPSENDER on the RNC. Before running these commands, ensure that the peer end
supports the TWAMP protocol and can be used as the responder. If the RNC passively
initiates TWAMP detection , run ADD TWAMPRESPONDER on the RNC.
----End
Operation Results
If the RNC actively initiates TWAMP detection, check for the following alarm on the RNC:
RNC ALM-21354 IP Link Performance Measurement Fault
If the alarm is generated, TWAMP cannot be used.
If the alarm is not generated, check the following counters to obtain the packet loss rate, jitter
and RTT of the specified IP link.
Packet loss
rate
VS.TWAMP.Forward.DropRates.Mean
VS.TWAMP.Forward.DropRates.Max
VS.TWAMP.Backward.DropRates.Mean
VS.TWAMP.Backward.DropRates.Max

57
Jitter VS.TWAMP.Forward.Jitter.Min
VS.TWAMP.Forward.Jitter.Max
VS.TWAMP.Forward.Jitter.Mean
VS.TWAMP.Backward.Jitter.Min
VS.TWAMP.Backward.Jitter.Max
VS.TWAMP.Backward.Jitter.Mean
RTT VS.TWAMP.RttDelay.Min
VS.TWAMP.RttDelay.Max
VS.TWAMP.RttDelay.Mean
3.4 Clock Maintenance Function
This section describes the common maintenance function during the diagnosis of clock faults.
3.4.1 Querying the Status of the BSC Reference Clock
This function enables users to query the status of the BSC reference clock.
On the U2000 or LMT client, query the status of the clock used by the current system and the
clock switching mode of the current clock phase-locked loop (PLL) according to the clock
status of the GCU/GCG board. If the status of the clock source stratum is Unavailable or the
current state of phase-lock loop is Unknown, the clock is lost. Contact associated engineers to
rectify the fault until the status of the clock source stratum is Available or the current state of
phase-lock loop is Traceable.
Operation Procedure
1. Menu Mode
In the LMT window, click the Device Maintenance tab.
The Device Maintenance tab page is displayed.
On the device panel, right-click the GCU/GCG board and choose BSC Board Clock Status
Query from the shortcut menu.
In the Query BSC Board Clock Status dialog box, click Query to check the clock status of
the board, as shown in Figure 3-21.

58
Figure 3-21 Querying the status of the BSC reference clock
2. Using MML commands
Run DSP CLK on the RNC to query the status of the clock boards in the MPS. In this step,
enter the subrack number and slot number. GCUa and GCGa boards are fixedly configured in
slots 12 and 13 in the MPS.
3.4.2 Querying the Status of the BSC Board Clock
This function enables users to query the status of the BSC board clock.
This function enables users to query the working status of each board clock according to the
clock status of the BSC board and to query the status of the clock used by the current system
and the clock switching mode of the current clock phase-locked loop (PLL) according to the
clock status of the GCUa board.
In BSC6900 the function is not applicable to the FG2a, GOUa, FG2c, GOUc, GOUe board.
In BSC6910 the function is not applicable to the FG2c, GOUc, GOUe, EXOUa board.
Operation Procedure
1. Menu Mode

59
In the LMT window, click the Device Maintenance tab. The Device Maintenance tab
page is displayed.
On the device panel, choose a board in position, right-click and choose BSC Board
Clock Status Query from the shortcut menu to display the Query BSC Board Clock
Status dialog box.
In the Query BSC Board Clock Status dialog box, set parameters and click Query to
check the clock status of the board.
2. Using MML commands
Run DSP CLK on the RNC to query the status of the BSC board clock.

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 4 Troubleshooting HSPA Service Setup Failures
60
4 Troubleshooting HSPA Service Setup
Failures
This document describes how to troubleshoot the HSPA service setup failure in the PS
domain.
4.2 Definition of HSPA Service Setup Failures
The R99 service in the PS domain is normal and only HSPA services cannot be performed.
NOTE
The cell HSPA function is properly activated. That is, the ALM-22217 UMTS Cell HSDPA Function
Fault and ALM-22218 UMTS Cell HSUPA Function Fault are not generated.
4.3 Related Information
The RNC determines whether HSPA services are set up on the HS-DSCH or E-DCH based on
the MBR assigned by the CN and the HSPA bearer rate threshold set by the RNC. If the DL
MBR assigned by the CN exceeds the HSDPA bearer rate threshold set by the RNC, the
HSDPA service is set up on the HS-DSCH. If the UL MBR assigned by the CN exceeds the
HSUPA bearer rate threshold set by the RNC, the HSUPA service is set up on the E-DCH.
Otherwise, the HSPA services will be set up on the DCH.
Admission of HSUPA and HSDPA user quantity is performed on NodeB level and cell level
respectively. If admission fails on either level, the corresponding service will be rejected.
Maximum number of HSUPA users supported by cells = MIN (Maximum number of HSUPA
users in a single cell limited by the RNC license, Maximum number of HSUPA users
supported by the NodeB)
Maximum number of HSDPA users supported by cells = MIN (Maximum number of HSDPA
users in a single cell limited by the RNC license, Maximum number of HSDPA users
supported by the NodeB)

61
4.4 Possible Causes
 The AAL2PATH,IPPATH or IPPOOL is abnormal.
 Failure to admit HSUPA and HSDPA user quantity occurs.
 The service rate does not meet the threshold of HSPA services.
 The terminal does not support HSPA services.
4.5 Troubleshooting Flowchart
Figure 4-1shows the troubleshooting flowchart.
Figure 4-1 Troubleshooting flowchart
4.5.2 Troubleshooting Abnormal AAL2PATH,IPPATH or IPPOOL
NOTE
The MML commands involved in this section are all executed on the RNC. Troubleshooting methods for
the HSUPA and HSDPA service are the same in different scenarios. So make the HSUPA service as an
example.
Step 1 Check whether the VS.HSUPA.RAB.FailEstab.ULIUBBand.Cong of faulty cells increases
obviously.

62
If yes, go to Step 2; if no, exit.
Step 2 Run LST UCELL to find the corresponding NodeB Name (NodeBName) based on Cell ID
(CellId).
Step 3 Run LST ADJNODE to find the corresponding Adjacent Node ID based on Adjacent Node
Name (NodeBName) in Step 2.
Step 4 Run LST ADJMAP to find Gold user TRMMAP index, Silver user TRMMAP index, and
Bronze user TRMMAP index based on Adjacent Node ID (ANI) in Step 3.
Step 5 Run the LST TRMMAP to find the corresponding transmission type set up for the service
based on TRMMAP index in Step 4.
Step 6 Check whether the path exists based on the transmission mode of the Iub interface.
If… Then…
Interface type is Iub interface and
Transport type includes ATM
Go to Step 7.
Transport type includes IP
Go to Step 14.
Transmission Resource Pool
Go to Step 14.
Step 7 Run LST ATMTRF to check whether there are the ATM traffic records of the Service type
upon the path type in Step 5.
If yes, record Traffic index and go to Step 8.
If no, path type corresponding to this site does not exist. Go to Step 9.
Step 8 Run LST AAL2PATH. Check whether the path whose AAL2 Path Type matches path type
in Step 5 and TX traffic record index, RX traffic record index value matches Traffic index in
Step 7 exists.
If yes, record the AAL2 path ID and go to Step 10.
If no, go to Step 9.
Step 9 Run MOD TRMMAP to change the path of corresponding services to the corresponding
service category or run ADD AAL2PATH to initially configure a link. Check whether the
fault is rectified. If yes, no further action is required. If no, go to Step 16.
Step 10 Check whether the AAL2PATH link is normal.
Run DSPAAL2PATH or check for the ALM-21581 Path Fault to determine whether link
status is normal.
If yes, exit.
If no, see section 14.4 "Troubleshooting AAL2 Path Faults."
Step 11 Run LST IPPATH to determine whether the path in Step 5 exists based on IP path type value
If yes, go to Step 15.

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Step 12 Check whether the IPPATH is available.
Analyze whether the ALM-21581 Path Fault is generated based on alarms.
If yes, see section 15.5 "Troubleshooting IP Pool Faults."
Step 13 Run MOD TRMMAP to change corresponding path of the service to the existing link type
or run ADD IPPATH to initially configure a link. Check whether the fault is rectified. If yes,
no further action is required. If no, contact Huawei technical support.
Step 14 Run LST ADJNODE to find the corresponding IP POOL index (IPPOOLINDEX) based on
Adjacent Node ID in Step 3.
Step 15 Check whether the IPPOOL is available.
Run DSP IPPOOL to determine whether IPPOOL status is normal.
If the SIP operation state is fault, see section 15.5 "Troubleshooting IP Pool Faults."
If the state is normal, go to Step 16.
Step 16 Collect fault information and the following information and provide the information for
Huawei technical support.
 MML scripts of RNC configuration data
 RNC Iub interface tracing
 RNC UE tracing
 Results of running DSP UCELLCHK on the RNC
 RNC alarm logs
----End
4.5.3 Troubleshooting Failures to Admit HSUPA User Number
and HSDPA User Number
NOTE
The MML commands involved in this document are all executed on the RNC. Troubleshooting methods
for HSUPA and HSDPA service are the same in different scenarios. So make HSUPA service as an
example.
Step 1 Run DSP UCELLCHK to query the number of current cell HSUPA and HSDPA users.

64
Step 2 Run LST LICENSE to query related switch items with the maximum number of HSUPA
users and HDPA users in functional items.
For example, if the query results are as follows, the maximum number of HSUPA users
supported by the cell is 128.
60 HSUPA users per cell = ON
96 HSUPA users per cell = ON
128 HSUPA users supported by a single cell = ON
Step 3 Run LST UCELLCAC to query the maximum number of HSUPA users and HSDPA users
based on the cell admission algorithm.
Step 4 Run LST UNODEBALGOPARA to check for the maximum number of HSUPA and
HSDPA users supported by the NodeB.

65
Step 5 Determine the relationship between current users and maximum number of users supported.
If the Number of Current Users is close to the Maximum Number of Users Supported, the
number of HSUPA users is insufficient. Increase the number of supported HSUPA users.
 If the fault is rectified, no further action is required.
 If no, go to Step 6.
Number of Current Users Maximum Number of Users Supported
Number of current HSUPA users of cells
in Step 1
MIN (Maximum number of users in a single
cell limited by the RNC license in Step 2,
Maximum number of HSUPA users set in the
cell admission algorithm in Step 3, Maximum
number of HSUPA users supported by the
NodeB in Step 4)
Total number of current HSUPA users of
cells in Step 1
Maximum number of HSUPA users supported
by the NodeB in Step 4
Step 6 Collect fault information and the following information and provide the information to
 RNC UE tracing
 RNC alarm logs
----End
4.5.4 Determining Whether the Service Rate Mismatch the
Threshold of HSPA Services
NOTE
The MML commands involved in this section are all executed on the RNC.
Step 1 Check service categories. Query the value of the trafficClass information element (IE) in the
RANAP_RAB_ASSIGNMENT_REQ message delivered by the CN.

66
Step 2 Query the HSPA rate threshold related to the traffic in Step 1. Run LST
UFRCCHLTYPEPARA.
Step 3 Determine the relationship between the actual rate and the HSPA rate threshold in Step 2.
If the actual rate is less than the HSPA rate threshold, the actual rate does not meet the HSPA
rate requirements and no further action is required. Otherwise, go to Step 4.
 RNC UE tracing
 RNC alarm logs
----End
4.5.5 Determining Whether the Terminal Supports the HSPA
Services
Step 1 (Optional) Determine whether the terminal supports the HSDPA service.
Query the accessStratumReleaseIndicator IE of the RRC CONNECTION SETUP REQ
message.
If rel-5 and later versions are displayed, go to Step 2.
Otherwise, the terminal does not support the HSDPA service and no further action is required.

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Step 2 (Optional) Determine whether the terminal supports the HSUPA service.
Query the accessStratumReleaseIndicator IE of the RRC CONNECTION SETUP REQ
message.
If rel-6 and later version are displayed and the ueCapabilityIndication IE is displayed as the
hsdch-edch IE, go to step 3.
Otherwise, the terminal does not support the HSUPA service and no further action is required.
 RNC UE tracing
 RNC alarm logs
----End
4.6 Typical Cases
Fault Description
The RNC HSUPA RAB success rate becomes small and the HSUPA RAB success rate of
several cells is 0.
Fault Handling
Step 1 Analyze one site whose HSUPA RAB success rate is 0. The Iub interface is in ATM
transmission mode and the ANI is 287. The VS.HSUPA.RAB.FailEstab.ULIUBBand.Cong
increases significantly.

68
Step 2 Run LST ADJMAP and get the value of TMI (24) based on the ANI (287).
Step 3 Run LST TRMMAP. Find that the HUSRBPRIPATH is the RT_VBR based on the TMI
(24).
Step 4 Run LST AAL2PATH. There is one link with AAL2PATHT equals HSPA. It’s TXTRFX
and RXTRFX is 158.
Step 5 Run LST ATMTRF. Find that the ST is UBR based on the TRFX (158). So The HSPA
AAL2PATH of the RT_VBR does not exist.
Step 6 Get the Conclusion:
The RNC is not configured with the PATH for the HSUPA signaling bearer. This results in
failure to set up the HSUPA service.
----End
Fault Rectification
The PATH for the HSUPA signaling bearer is added.

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 5 Troubleshooting HSUPA Data Transmission Faults
69
5 Troubleshooting HSUPA Data
Transmission Faults
This chapter describes the types of HSUPA data transmission faults, the handling procedure.
5.2 Definition of HSUPA Data Transmission Faults
The uploading rate of the PS HSUPA service is low or fluctuates.
5.3.1 Requisites for Reaching HSUPA Maximum Rate
 Capabilities of UEs during HSUPA service
According to 3GPP TS25.306 specifications, there are six categories of HSUPA supporting
categories for UEs. As show in Figure 5-1, these UEs support a rate ranging from 711 kbit/s to
5.74 Mbit/s at the MAC layer. Only UEs in Category 6 support a rate up to 5.74 Mbit/s at the
MAC layer.

70
Figure 5-1 HSUPA supporting capabilities of UEs
 Channelization code available in E-DPDCH during HSUPA service
According to the 3GPP TS25.213 specifications, a UE can be assigned four EDPDCHs to
reach a maximum channelization code of 2 SF4 + 2 SF2 only when the SRB is set up on
the HSUPA (that is, no DPDCH channels exist). A UE can be assigned two EDPDCHs to
reach a maximum channelization code of 2 SF2 when the SRB is set up on the DCH (that is,
one DPDCH exists) as shown in Figure 5-2.
Figure 5-2 E-DPDCH channelization code

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5.4 Troubleshooting Low or Fluctuating HSUPA Rate
5.4.1 Fault Description
The uploading rate of PS HSUPA services is low or fluctuates.
5.4.2 Possible Causes
 The path where the SRB is located does not support HSUPA.
 The SIM card has a low data rate upon subscription.
 UEs have poor support for HSUPA.
 CE resources are insufficient.
 The uplink signal in the cell is of poor quality.
 Some cells do not support the corresponding data rate.
5.4.3 Fault Handling Procedure
Step 1 (Optional) According to section 5.3.1 "Requisites for Reaching HSUPA Maximum Rate,"
check whether the path for SRB over HSUPA is available when the target data rate is 5.74
Mbit/s.
Checking path according to section4.5.2 Troubleshooting Abnormal AAL2PATH,IPPATH or
IPPOOL
 If yes, go to Step 2.
 Otherwise, if the problem is solved, troubleshooting ends; if not, go to Step 2.
Step 2 Check whether the service is set up on the EDCH.
Check the cn-DomainIdentity, rb-Identity, and ul-LogicalChannelMappings IEs in the
RRC_RB message:
 If the value of cn-DomainIdentity is ps-domain and the value of ul-TrCH-Type under
this rb is edch when the value of rb-Identity is greater than 4, as shown in the Figure 5-3,
the PS service is set up on the EDCH. Go to Step 3.
Otherwise, go to chapter 4 "Troubleshooting HSPA Service Setup Failures".

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Figure 5-3 IEs of the RRC RB SETUP message
Step 3 Check whether the assigned maximum rate is greater than the required rate.
Check the MaxBitRate IE in the RANAP_RAB_ASSIGNMENT_REQ message to determine
whether the maximum uplink bit rate assigned by the CN is greater than the required rate.
 If no, ask the CN side to solve the problem by checking USIM card subscription
information.

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Figure 5-4 Service type and maximum bit rate information in
RANAP_RAB_ASSIGNMENT_REQ message
Step 4 Check whether the UE supports the required rate.
View the edch-PhysicalLayerCategory IE in the RRC_CONNECT_SETUP_CMP message as
shown in Figure 5-5 and then determine whether the value of Max.Data Rate corresponding
to the UE capability based on Figure 5-1 HSUPA supporting capabilities of UEs is greater
than the required rate.
 Otherwise, the UE does not support the rate. Change another UE. If the problem is
solved,, the troubleshooting ends; if not, go to Step 8.
Figure 5-5 The UE Capacity information in RRC_CONNECT_SETUP_CMP message

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Step 5 Check whether uplink CE resources are insufficient.
Start Cell Performance Monitoring, set Monitor Item to Cell CE, and check whether the
value of UL Local Cell Group Total CE Used or UL NodeB Total CE Used is close to that
of UL Local Cell Group Total CE or UL NodeB Total Cell as shown in Figure 5-6.
 If yes, insufficient CE resources can be determined as the problem. The troubleshooting
ends.
 If no, go to step 6.
Figure 5-6 Checking cell CE on the RNC
Step 6 Check whether the UE transmit power is limited.
Start Connection Performance Monitoring, and set Monitor Item to UE Tx Power.
 If the tracking result shows that the UE transmit power often reaches 20 dBm, the air
interface is of poor uplink quality, and the UE transmit power is close to the maximum
value (typically 24 dBm), resulting in a low HSUPA rate. It is recommended that you
observe the transmit power in areas with good coverage (RSCP > -90 dBm). The
troubleshooting ends.
 If the transmit power hardly reaches 20 dBm, go to Step 7.
Step 7 Check for changes in the uplink bandwidth assigned by the RNC.
Start Connection Performance Monitoring, set Monitor Item to UL Throughput
Bandwidth.
 If the uplink bandwidth assigned by the RNC decreases, view the signaling to check
whether the UE is handed over to a cell with a different HSUPA supporting capability
(for example, the UE is handed over from a cell that supports 5.76 Mbit/s to a cell that
only supports 1.44 Mbit/s).If yes, modify the neighboring cells and check again.

75
Step 8 Contact Huawei.
----End
5.4.4 Typical Cases
Fault Description
In office L in country C, the HSUPA rate stays around 600 kbit/s at some sites and reaches a
maximum of 608 kbit/s, unable to reach the bandwidth of 5.4 Mbit/s.
Possible Causes
As the path for SRB over HSUPA has not been set, the service cannot be set up at the 5.4
Mbit/s rate.
Fault Handling
Step 1 Check whether the configuration meets the following requirements:
1. Typical services at the uplink rate of 5.44 Mbit/s have been configured.
2. The SRB over HSPA function is enabled on the RNC.
In the SET UFRCCHLTYPEPARA command, SRBCHLTYPE is set to HSPA.
3. For the HSUPA rate, 64 kbit/s, 384 kbit/s, 608 kbit/s and 5.44 Mbit/s are used.
In SET EDCHRATEADJUSTSET, RATE_64KBPS, RATE_384KBPS,
RATE_608KBPS, and 5.44 Mbit/s are selected.
4. The site uses the transmission mapping table of 66. In the transmission mapping table,
the AAL2 path of RT_VBR is set to carry SRB over HSUPA data.
5. Check whether the TRFX of RTVBR is 140.

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6. Check whether the AAL2 path type is R99 when TRFX is 140. If yes, HSPA services
cannot be carried.
Step 2 Location Result
As the path for SRBoverHSUPA is not set, the service cannot be set up at 5.44 Mbit/s.
Step 3 Solution
Modify path attributes to allow the path for SRBoverHSUPA to carry HSPA services. The
problem is solved.
MOD AAL2PATH: ANI=23, PATHID=1, AAL2PATHT=SHARE;
----End

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 6 Troubleshooting HSDPA Service Rate Faults
77
6 Troubleshooting HSDPA Service Rate
Faults
This chapter describes how to locate abnormalities in the rate of the HSDPA service in the PS
domain.
6.2 Definition of HSDPA Service Rate Faults
The PS service is set up on the HSDSCH, and the downlink rate is low or fluctuates.
E2E Handling Process
The HSDPA service rate indicates end-to-end system performance. Abnormalities in any part
of the system affect data transmission. Figure 6-1 shows the network elements (NEs) and
important processes involved.

78
Figure 6-1 NEs involved in HSDPA data transmission
Main-layer Handling Process
At the TCP layer, feedback is used for acknowledgement. The data packets in the transmission
window are cleared only after receipt of acknowledgement to release space for subsequent
data packets. The transmission end caches all data that has been sent but not confirmed, to
make sure they can be resent upon negative acknowledgement or the timer is out. If the
transmission end still fails to receive acknowledgement, the data packets transmission fails.
At the GTPU and PDCP layers, data packets are transmitted transparently and no problems
are incurred.
When the HSDPA service rate is normal, the TCP layer on the server side continuously
transmits data to the RNC RLC layer through the Iu interface, and the RNC RLC layer
steadily transmits data to the UE through the Iub and Uu interfaces. At this time, the RLC
buffer keeps transmitting data and receiving new data.
Methods to Narrow Fault Range
Upon troubleshooting, the segment where the problem occurs can be determined by
transmitting emulated packets to the RNC RLC layer.
 If the rate is normal, the abnormality exists above the RNC RLC layer.
 If the rate is abnormal, check for abnormalities below the RNC RLC layer, and recheck
whether any abnormality exists above the RNC RLC layer after the problem is solved.
Supporting CQI with Maximum Physical Rate
Table 6-1 lists the mapping between the theoretical rates of HSDPA terminals and the
minimum CQI requirements.

79
Table 6-1 Mapping between the theoretical rates of HSDPA terminals and the minimum CQI
requirements
HSDPA
handset
type
Support Physical Rate HS-PDSCH code
num
The least
CQI for
Peak Rate
Cat12 1.8Mbit/s 5 18
Cat6 3.6Mbit/s 5 22
Cat8 7.2Mbit/s 10 25
Cat10 14.4Mbit/s 15 26
Cat14 21.56Mbit/s 15 30
Cat18 28.8Mbit/s 15 14
6.4 Troubleshooting Low or Fluctuating HSDPA Service
Rate
After the service is set up on the HSDPA channel, the rate does not reach the anticipated level.
The following symptoms may appear.
Symptom 1: The downloading rate is low and steady.
Symptom 2: The downloading rate fluctuates regularly, either ascending or descending in
steps, or fluctuating in a square wave. During fluctuation, the throughput occasionally reaches
the theoretical value.
Symptom 3: The downloading rate fluctuates irregularly, and occasionally reaches the
theoretical value but fluctuates dramatically.
6.4.2 Fault Handling Flowchart
Figure 6-2 shows the fault handling flowchart for the low or fluctuating HSDPA service rate.

80
Figure 6-2 Fault handling flowchart for the low or fluctuating HSDPA service rate
6.4.3 Checking Basic Elements
Step 1 Troubleshoot alarms at the Iub interface link in the homing cell and troubleshoot alarms at the
Iu link of the homing RNC.
 If the fault is rectified, no further action is required.
 If the fault persists, go to Step 2.
Step 2 Determine whether the problem lies in a specific terminal by eliminating the following
abnormalities.
1. Whether a rate limit is set on the portable computer.
In Windows, choose Computer Management > MODEM, and select the relevant
terminal. Double-click Advanced, and see if the following setting appears in the
window.
− If yes, remove the AT command line. If the fault is rectified, no further action is
required. If the fault persists, go to Step 3.
− If no, no AT limit is set, go to 2.
For example: in the setting format at + cgeqreq = 1,2,2048,7200, 2 indicates the service
type (interactive), and 2048 and 7200 indicate the uplink rate (2 Mbit/s) and the
downlink rate (7.2 Mbit/s), respectively.
2. Whether CPU usage of the portable computer is greater than 95%.
 If yes, change the portable computer.

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 If no, go to 3.
3. Whether the TCP window on the UE (handset) meet the required rate.
View the TCP window size in the following location of the registry:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESystemCurrentControlSetServicesTcpip
ParametersTcpWindowSize.
Check whether the TCP window meet the required rate according to the following table.
Table 6-2 DLbandwidth VS the minimum values of receive and send window sizes
DL Bandwidth Scenario Minimum Value of Receive Window
Size
2048 Kbit/s Only Download 64 Kbytes
If yes, go to 4.
If no, modify the Tcp Receive Window.
Example: Complete setting on the DRTCP software, and restart the RNC after the setting is
complete.

82
4. Make sure the correct terminal driver is used, and otherwise the rate fluctuates or stays
low. If a definite result cannot be determined, follow the example below to query the
device information. Then, return the device information to the terminal manufacturer for
confirmation.
Device information query
− If the correct terminal driver is used, change the portable computer.
− If the correct terminal driver is not used, go to Step 3.
Step 3 Contact Huawei Customer Service Center.
----End
6.4.4 Determining Whether the Service Can Be Set Up
Step 1 Determine whether the service is set up on an HSDSCH.
Check the cn-DomainIdentity, rb-Identity and dl-TransportChannelType IEs in the RRC_RB
SETUP messages shown in Figure 6-3.

83
 If the value of the cn-DomainIdentity IE is "ps-domain," and the value of the
dl-TransportChannelType IE is "hsdsch" when the value of the rb-Identity IE is greater
than 4, as shown in the figure, the PS service is set up on the HSDSCH. Go to Step 2.
If the PS service is not set up on the HSDSCH, go to chapter 4 Troubleshooting HSPA Service
Setup Failures.
Figure 6-3 RRC_RB SETUP message
Step 2 Determine whether the enabled license item supports the required rate.
 Run the RNC MML command LST LICENSE: FN= "license file name" to check the
relevant license item.
Examples of RNC-related license items:
High Speed Downlink Packet Access=ON
High Speed Downlink Packet Access Function 3.6M=ON
High Speed Downlink Packet Access Function 7.2M=ON
High Speed Downlink Packet Access Function 13.976Mbps=ON
HSPA + Downlink 28 Mbit/s Per User=ON
HSPA + Downlink 21 Mbit/s Per User=ON

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HSPA+ Downlink 42 Mbit/s per User=OFF
HSPA+ Downlink 84 Mbit/s per User=OFF
 Run the NodeB MML command DSP LICENSE to check the relevant license item.
Examples of HSPA related license items:
Examples of HSPA + (64QAM, MIMO, DC) feature related license items:
Step 3 Determine whether the assigned maximum rate is greater than the required rate.
Check the MaxBitRate IE in the RANAP_RAB_ASSIGNMENT_REQ message to
determine whether the maximum downlink bit rate assigned by the CN is greater than the
required rate as shown in the Figure 6-4.
 If no, ask the CN side to solve the problem by checking USIM card subscription
information.
Figure 6-4 Service type assigned in the RAB assignment message and maximum uplink/downlink
bit rate
Step 4 Determine whether the terminal supports the required rate.

85
Check the hsdsch - physical - layer - category IE in the RRC_CONNECT_SETUP_CMP
message as shown in Figure 6-5.
Determine whether the value of "the total number of soft channel bits" corresponding to the
hsdsch - physical - layer - category value of HS-DSCH category is greater than the required
rate in the Table 6-3 below.
Table 6-3 HSDPA terminal capacity table
 If the hsdsch-physical-layer-category reported by the UE meets the theoretical rate
requirement, go to Step 5.
 If no, terminal capacity does not support the rate. Replace the terminal and observe again.
If the alarm is cleared, the troubleshooting ends. If no, go to Step 5.
Example: hsdsch - physical - layer - category:0xe indicates the UE is an HSDPA category 14
terminal and supports a throughput of 21 Mbit/s at the physical layer.

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Figure 6-5 Capacity information reported by the UE in the RRC_CONNECT_SETUP_CMP
message
----End
6.4.5 Determining Whether Radio Resources Are Limited
Step 1 Determine whether the quality of the downlink signal meets any of the following conditions.
 Determine whether the CQI measured from the UE stays greater than the minimum CQI
needed by the required rate.
Check the CQI value reported by the UE during the service in the HSDPA Link
Statistics item of drive test software (such as QXDM, Probe).
According to the Table 6-1 Mapping between the theoretical rates of HSDPA terminals
and the minimum CQI requirements, check The least CQI for Peak Rate value when
the Support Physical Rate is greater than the required rate.
Determine whether the CQI value reported by the UE stays greater than The least CQI
for Peak Rate value.
 Determine whether the RSCP reported by the UE is greater than -80 dBm and whether
EcN0 is greater than -3 dB (no users exist in the cell) or -11 dB (during HSPA service).
Enable the Connection Performance Monitoring function, and set Monitoring Item to
Cell SNR and Reception Signal Code Power.
If no, poor air interface quality can be identified as the problem. Check air interface
quality and observe again. If the problem is solved, the troubleshooting ends; if not, go to
Step 4.
Step 2 Determine whether code resources are used up.
NOTE
C(016, number):0 indicates the status of the SF16 code whose code number value equals number, and 0
indicates that the code status is idle.
C(016, number):5 indicates the status of the SF16 code whose code number value equals number, and 5
indicates that the code status is the HSPDSCH channel is occupied.

87
1. Open the Cell Performance Monitoring dialog box of each cell under the local NodeB,
set Monitoring Item to Cell Code Tree Usage and save the file.
 Observe the status of the SF16 code on the LMT interface, which applies to the real-time
monitoring scenarios.
 Analyze the usage of C(016, number) codes in the saved result file, which applies to
scenarios of analyzing the whole process.
2. Determine whether the cell contains any SF16 code under the code free status.
If no, go to 3.
3. Run the NodeB MML command DSP license to query the value of the license item
HSDPA Code Number.
4. Determine whether the total number of SF16 codes under the Code Assigned to
HSPDSCH status in 1 of all cells under NodeB is close to the number specified by the
license item HSDPA Code Number in 3.
If yes, insufficient code resources can be determined as the problem.
Check if the rate is normal with sufficient code resources under the idle status.
If yes, increase code resources.
If no, contact Huawei.
Step 3 Determine whether power resources are used up.
1. Run the RNC MML command LST UCELLHSDPA to check whether The Offset of
HSPA Total Power in the cell is the baseline value of 0.
If yes, go to 2.
If no, run the RNC MML command MODUCELLHSDPA to set the The Offset of
HSPA Total Power (HspaPower) to 0.
2. Run the NodeB MML command LST ULOCELLMACHSPARA. Check whether the
power margin is 5, and whether the Max Power Per Hs-user is 100.
If yes, go to 3.
If no, run the NodeB MML command SET ULOCELLMACHSPARA to set the values.
3. Open the Cell Performance Monitoring dialog box, and set Monitoring Item to Cell
Downlink Carrier Tx Power.
4. Determine whether 95% is reached during data transmission.
− If yes, the transmission power is limited. Check if the rate is normal with sufficient
transmission power resources under the idle status. If yes, expand the NodeB. If no,
contact Huawei.
− If no, contact Huawei.
----End
6.4.6 Check Faults Segment by Segment
Step 1 Simulate downlink data transmission by using the Auto Ping function as shown in Figure 6-6.
Determine whether the target rate is reached.
 If yes, no abnormalities exist below the RNC, and abnormalities above the Iu interface
result in insufficient data sources. Go to Step 2.

88
 If no, check for abnormalities below the RNC. Go to Step 3.
NOTE
set appropriate Ping Interval and Packet Length values based on the target rate required.
If Ping Interval = 10 x 0.1 ms = 1 ms and Packet Length = 1000 bytes = 8000 bits, the source rate of
packet transmission is 8000 bits/1 ms = 8 Mbit/s.
Figure 6-6 Auto Ping
Step 2 Check Iu interface abnormalities and CN abnormalities.
Contact the CN engineer. Troubleshoot Iu interface transmission, CN packet loss and FTP
server transmission capability.
Step 3 Determine whether bottlenecks exist over the Iub interface.

89
1. Determine whether the path exists based on the transmission mode of the Iub interface.
If… Then…
ATM transmission is applied over the Iub
interface
Go to 2.
IP transmission is applied over the Iub
interface
Go to Step 4.
2. Run the RNC MML command DSPE1T1, check the number of available E1s at the
NodeB, estimate physically available bandwidth (a pair of E1s can provide a rate of
about 0.75-0.8 Mbit/s), and determine whether the physical bandwidth is greater than the
required rate. If yes, go to step 3; If no, increase E1.
3. Run the RNC MML command LST AAL2PATH (if data is carried by the optical port)
or the LST IMAGRP (if data is carried in the form of IMA Group) to check the traffic
record index used by NodeB; then, run the RNC MML command LST ATMTRF to
check the sustainable cell rate (SCR) and determine whether SCR is greater than the
required rate.
If no, modify and make SCR greater than the required rate.
4. Run the NodeB MML command LST AAL2PATH to query the reception cell rate
(RCR) and determine whether RCR is smaller than or equal to the SCR in step 2.
If no, modify and make RCR smaller than or equal to SCR.
Step 4 Determine whether packet loss exists over the Iub interface.
1. Determine whether the path exists based on the transmission mode of the Iub interface.
If… Then…
ATM transmission is applied over the Iub
interface
Go to 3.
IP transmission is applied over the Iub
interface
Go to 2
2. Run the RNC MML command PING IP. Determine whether packet loss exists.
If yes, go to 15.8 "Troubleshooting Packet Loss in IP Transmission."
3. Run the RNC MML command DSP AALVCCPFM to determine whether packet loss or
cell loss exists.
If yes, go to 14.5 "Troubleshooting Packet Loss in ATM Transmission."
Step 5 Perform the HSUPA service separately with the uplink rate limited to 1 Mbit/s and determine
whether the rate is steady.
If yes, eliminate impact from the quality of the uplink air interface. Contact Huawei Customer
Service Center.

90
If no, go to RTWP abnormality handling.
If the problem still cannot be located, collect the following data on the site and deliver the
data to Huawei for analysis.
NodeB WMPT logs
RNC CDT
NodeB CDT
UE LOG
RNC, NodeB License
RNC configuration files
----End
6.4.7 Typical Cases
Case 1:
Fault Description
The DC service rate is low at an office (22 Mbit/s - 25 Mbit/s only).
Possible Causes
Poor quality of the downlink air interface and insufficient data at the application layer result
in a low DC rate. The DC rate is normal when the location is adjusted and a multithreading
download tool is used.
Fault Handling
Step 1 Check the UE capability, CN assigned rate, RNC and NodeB license capabilities, and Iub
transmission bandwidth, which are all normal.
Step 2 Analyze the transmission at the Iub interface. Run the Ping IP (to NodeB) command on RNC
to confirm no packet loss or abnormal delay exists.
Step 3 Analyze the downlink signal quality at the air interface. Mainstream and sideline CQI values
are both around 33 dB, which are low and fluctuate.
Mainstream CQI

91
Sideline CQI
Step 4 Based on the analysis above, solve the poor quality of the downlink air interface. After
position adjustment, the DC rate can steadily stay above 30 Mbit/s.
Step 5 Run the Auto Ping command on RNC to make sure the target rate is reached. This suggests
no problem exists below the RNC RLC layer.
Step 6 Ensure sufficient data in the RNC buffer with multi-thread download. The DC rate steadily
stays at 38 Mbit/s.
----End

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 7 Troubleshooting SLC Faults
92
7 Troubleshooting SLC Faults
This chapter describes the definition of a sleeping cell (SLC) and the troubleshooting
procedure.
7.2 Definition of SLC Faults
No RRC connection setup request exist in the cell or certain subscribers cannot make calls if
none of the following alarms are generated on the RNC.
Alarm ID Alarm Name
22202 ALM-22202 UMTS Cell Unavailable
22214 ALM-22214 NodeB Unavailable
22206 ALM-22206 UMTS Cell Setup Failed
There are two types of SLC problems:
 No RRC connection setup requests are received.
 RRC connection setup fails.
7.3 SLC Problem Monitoring
SLC problems can be monitored through NodeB or U2000 alarms. For details, see Table 7-1.

93
Table 7-1 SLC problem monitoring
Monitori
ng
Item/Net
work
Element
NodeB Monitoring
Method
U2000 Monitoring
Method
Remarks
The
number of
RRC
connectio
n setup
requests is
0
When a UMTS cell has
no traffic during a
certain period, the
NodeB reports
ALM-28209 Cell No
Traffic and performs
self-healing.
Run the NodeB MML
command SET
NODEBALGPARA
with
SLEEPINGCELLDE
TECTSW set to 1 to
enable the alarm
detection function.
Run the following
command to enable the
self-healing function:
SET
ULOCELLNOACCES
SPARA:
NOUETIMER=2,
NOFSTRLTIMER=2,
AUTORCVRMTHD=C
ELLRFMODULERES
ET;
 If no UE accesses
a UMTS cell
during a certain
period, the cell
outage detection
and recovery
(CODR) function
of the U2000
reports an alarm.
 When
([VS.RRC.AttCon
nEstab.Cell]={0})
&&([VS.Cell.Una
vailTime.OM]={0
})
&&(([VS.MeanRT
WP]-[VS.MinRT
WP])>={0.25}),
an alarm is
reported.
On the NodeB, select
self-processing.
The U2000 reports the
alarm only without
post-processing.
NOTE
Alarm detection on the
NodeB is recommended
and self-healing measures
are taken for some
abnormalities. Because the
CODR function of the
NodeB and U2000 is based
on regular traffic models,
you are advised to disable
the detection on holidays
(excluding weekends).

94
The RRC
connectio
n setup
success
rate is 0
When a UMTS cell has
no traffic during a
certain period, the
NodeB reports
ALM-28209 Cell No
Traffic and performs
self-healing.
Run the NodeB MML
command SET
NODEBALGPARA
with
SLEEPINGCELLDE
TECTSW set to 1 to
enable the alarm
detection function.
Run the following
command to enable the
self-healing function:
SET
ULOCELLNOACCES
SPARA:
NOUETIMER=2,
NOFSTRLTIMER=2,
AUTORCVRMTHD=C
ELLRFMODULERES
ET;
When ([Number of
RRC Connection
Requests sent by the
UE for
cell]>{0})&&([Numb
er of Successful RRC
Connection Setups for
Cell]/[Number of
RRC Connection
Requests sent by the
UE for cell]<{0.1}),
an alarm is reported.
On the U2000, monitor
the problem that RRC
requests are initiated
while the service always
fails to be set up.
The NodeB can detect
some abnormalities and
perform self-healing.
The RB
setup
success
rate is 0
/ When ([Number of
RB Setup Attempts
for
Cell]>{0})&&([Numb
er of Successful RB
Setups for
Cell]/[Number of RB
Setup Attempts for
Cell]<{0.1}), an alarm
is reported.
On the U2000, monitor
the problem that RAB
requests are initiated
while the service always
fails to be set up.
7.4 Troubleshooting the Problem of No RRC Connection
Request
The VS.RRC.AttConnEstab.Sum is 0. The IOS log contains no RRC CONNECT REQ
signaling messages during the dialing test under the problematic site.
 The data configuration is different from the physical configuration.
 No traffic exists (not a problem).

95
 The cell is barred.
Step 1 (Optional: executed when cells under a new or relocated NodeB cannot be accessed).
1. Run the NodeB MML command LST LOCELL to check whether uplink and downlink
frequencies are correct.
2. Run the RNC MML command LST UCELL and run the LST LOCELL command on
the NodeB to check whether the frequencies of the RNC and NodeB are consistent.
If any abnormality exists, run the NodeB MML command MOD LOCELL or run the RNC
MML command MOD UCELL to modify the configuration.
Check whether the problem is solved. If yes, the troubleshooting ends.
If everything is normal, go to Step 2.
Step 2 (Optional: executed when cells under a relocated NodeB cannot be accessed).
Check for peripheral devices, such as Tower-Mounted Amplifiers (TMAs), which are
exclusively used by another vendor. If any such devices exist, further check if they are
incompatible with Huawei equipment. If yes, replace the TMA.
Step 3 Check on the change in the number of successful RRC connection setups in the cell in the
past month.
Check the RRC.SuccConnEstab.sum counter. If the value of the counter stays steady, go to
Step 4; if the value of the counter fluctuates dramatically, check whether the service is
available through the coverage of the cell, or check whether the cell is normal by initiating
calls in the problematic cell. If yes, no problem occurs, and the troubleshooting ends. If no, go
to Step 4.
Step 4 Check whether the cell is barred.
Run the RNC MML command LST UCELLACCESSSTRICT to check whether the
operator reserved use indicator (CellReservedForOperatorUse) and the cell reservation
extension indicator (CellReservationExtension) are RESERVED and whether access class 0
(IsAccessClass0Barred) through 15 (IsAccessClass15Barred) barring indicators and the idle
cell access barring indicator (IdleCellBarred) are BARRED.
If yes, run the RNC MML command MOD UCELLACCESSSTRICT to modify the
operator reserved use indicator (CellReservedForOperatorUse) and the cell reservation
extension indicator (CellReservationExtension) into RESERVED and modify access class 0
(IsAccessClass0Barred) through 15 (IsAccessClass15Barred) barring indicators and the idle
cell access barring indicator (IdleCellBarred) into NOT_BARRED. Check whether the
problem is solved. If yes, the troubleshooting ends. If no, go to Step 5.
Step 5 Collect the following data and contact Huawei.
 Data to be collected before resetting the NodeB:
− Start pilot output power tracking on the RNC LMT which lasts 20 minutes during the
problematic period.

96
− Start RRU output power monitoring on the NodeB LMT which lasts 20 minutes
during the problematic period.
− Start cell RTWP and board RTWP real-time tracking on the NodeB LMT which lasts
20 minutes during the problematic period.
− Start cell tracking at the NodeB which lasts 20 minutes during the problematic period.
NOTE
The above tracking tasks can be launched and carried out simultaneously.
− Acquire RRU board logs.
− Acquire NodeB WMPT logs.
 Data to be collected after resetting the NodeB:
− The original traffic statistics on the RNC side, which is the traffic statistics collected
between the day immediately before the problem occurs and the time when the
problem is solved.
− Acquire RNC configuration files.
− Acquire RNC CHR logs.
----End
7.4.4 Typical Case 1
Fault Description
An SLC problem occurred on a new site after swapping site, where the
RRC-CONNECT-REQ message was not received, and the problem could not be solved by
resetting the NodeB.
Fault Rectification
Before swapping, a competitor-customized TMA was used, which was incompatible with
Huawei equipment. The problem was solved by replacing the TMA.
Fault Handling
Step 1 Analyze the UE log from driving tests reported by the front line, finding that the
RRC-CONNECT-REQ message was sent. However, according to the log on the NodeB, no
uplink signal is detected.
Step 2 Analyze other logs (output power, path delay, and path register), finding no abnormalities.
Step 3 The front line and the customer found that the third-party device supplier had used a specially
made TMA that was incompatible with Huawei equipment. Therefore, solve the problem by
replacing the TMA.
----End
Conclusion
Before the migration, the customer had used a specially made TMA that was incompatible
with Huawei equipment. Finally the fault is rectified by replacing the TMA.
Fault Description

97
An office reported that an SLC problem had occurred on tens of sites in the live network. The
symptom was that the RRC-CONNECT-REQ message was not received.
Fault Handling
Step 1 These sites were new sites built during capacity expansion, without any neighboring cells
specified.
Step 2 No problems occurred during test calls on the site.
Step 3 These were normal traffic-free sites, which were free of any SLC problem.
----End
Conclusion
This was a normal traffic-free cell, which was free of any SLC problem.
7.5 Troubleshooting RRC Connection Setup Failures
While RRC CONNECT REQ signaling is present, the success rate of
RRC-CONNECT-SETUP is 0, that is, all processes of setting up RRC connections fail. In this
case, the RRC CONNECT REQ message is present in the IOS log, while the
RRC-CONNECT-SETUP-COMPLETE message is absent.
Follow the instructions below to collect data and contact Huawei.
 Data to be collected before resetting the NodeB:
− Cell RTWP and board RTWP real-time tracking on the NodeB LMT
− RNC IOS tracking. Run the RNC MML command SET URRCTRLSWITCH to
enable complete tracing of CDT messages by selecting CDT_MSG_FULL_TRACE
under PROCESSSWITCH.
− User tracking on the NodeB side
NOTE
IOS tracking and NodeB CDT log tracking should proceed simultaneously when the problem appears.
− RRU board logs
− NodeB WMPT logs
 Data to be collected after resetting the NodeB:
− Original traffic statistics on the RNC side, which is the traffic statistics between the
day immediately before the problem occurs and the traffic statistics when the problem
is solved.
− RNC configuration files
− CNC CHR log

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 8 Troubleshooting RRC Connection Setup Failures
98
8 Troubleshooting RRC Connection Setup
Failures
8.1 Definition of RRC Access Failures
An RRC access failure refers to an RRC setup failure or the low RRC setup success rate.
8.2 Formula for the RRC Setup Success Rate
VS.RRC.SuccConnEstab.Rate = RRC.SuccConnEstab.sum/VS.RRC.AttConnEstab.Cell
The following causes are responsible for RRC access failures:
1. No replies to the RRC connection setup requests. The RNC cannot receive the message
RRC CONNETION STEUP CMP from the UE after it sends an RRC CONNECTION
SETUP message. To address this problem, see section 8.4 "Troubleshooting the Problem
of No Replies to an RRC Connection Setup Request."
2. Rejected RRC connection setup requests. The RNC sends an RRC CONNECTION REJ
message after receiving an RRC CONNECTION SETUP REQUEST message. To
address this problem, see section 8.5 "Troubleshooting Rejected RRC Connection Setup
Requests."
3. No replies to the RRC setup requests. The RNC does not deliver the RRC
CONNECTION SETUP or RRC CONNECTION REJ message. To address this problem,
see section 8.6 "Troubleshooting Failures in Replying to RRC Connection Setup
Requests."
RRC access failure counters are as follows:
Causes Counters Description
RRC
Connection
Setup
VS.RRC.Rej.ULPower.Cong Number of RRC Connection
Rejects for Cell (UL Power
Congestion)

99
Causes Counters Description
Rejected VS.RRC.Rej.DLPower.Cong Number of RRC Connection
Rejects for Cell (DL Power
Congestion)
VS.RRC.Rej.ULIUBBand.Cong Number of RRC Connection
Rejects for Cell (UL Iub
Bandwidth Congestion)
VS.RRC.Rej.DLIUBBand.Cong Number of RRC Connection
Rejects for Cell (DL Iub
VS.RRC.Rej.ULCE.Cong Number of RRC Connection
Rejects for Cell (UL CE Resource
Congestion)
VS.RRC.Rej.DLCE.Cong Number of RRC Connection
Rejects for Cell (DL CE Resource
Congestion)
VS.RRC.Rej.Code.Cong Number of RRC Connection
Rejects for Cell (Code Resource
Congestion)
VS.RRC.Rej.RL.Fail Number of RRC Connection
Rejects for Cell (Radio Link Setup
Failure)
VS.RRC.Rej.TNL.Fail Number of RRC Connection
Rejects for Cell (Transmission
Setup Failure on Iub Interface)
RRC
Connection
Setup No
Reply
VS.RRC.FailConnEstab.NoReply
Number of RRC Connection
Rejects Due to Timeout of RRC
CONNECT SETUP COMPLETE
for Cell
8.4 Troubleshooting the Problem of No Replies to an RRC
Connection Setup Request
8.4.1 Failure Description
When the RRC access success rate is high, the related signaling procedure shows that the UE
does not respond to the RRC CONNECTION SETUP message sent by the RNC or the value
of the VS.RRC.FailConnEstab.NoReply counter increases.
Step 1 Locate the scope where the RRC access success rate decreases.
1. Check whether the RNC-level RRC access success rate decreases.

100
− Check whether the values of the RNC-level counters listed in Table 8-1 decrease. If
yes, go to Step 2.
− If no, no more operations are required.
Table 8-1 Counters for analyzing the RNC-level RRC access success rate
KPI Counter
VS.RRC.AttConnEstab.RNC VS.RRC.AttConnEstab.CellDCH.RNC
VS.RRC.AttConnEstab.CellFACH.RNC
VS.RRC.SuccConnEstab.RNC VS.RRC.SuccConnEstab.CellFACH.RNC
VS.RRC.SuccConnEstab.CellDCH.RNC
2. Check the values of the counters listed in Table 8-2 to determine whether the problem
mainly occurs on some CPUSs.
− If yes, fix the exceptions in the problem CPUSs. If the exceptions are fixed, go to step
3. If the exceptions persist, contact Huawei Customer Service Center.
− If no, go to Step 3.
Table 8-2 Counters for analyzing the RRC access success rate on the CPUS side
Counter Description
VS.RRC.AttConnEstab.CPUS Number of RRC Connection Requests for
CPUS
VS.RRC.SuccConnEstab.CPUS Number of Successful RRC Connection
Establishments for CPUS
3. Check the values of the counters that are listed in Table 8-3 and related to cell-level RRC
access success rate. Then, determine whether the problem mainly occurs in a single cell.
− If yes, go to step 2.
− If no, the problem occurs in all the cells. Choose some typical cells to analyze and go
to step 2.
Table 8-3 Counters for analyzing the RRC access success rate in the cell
Counter Description
VS.RRC.AttConnEstab.Sum Number of Processed RRC Connection
Requests for Cell
RRC.SuccConnEstab.sum Number of Successful RRC Connection
Setups for Cell

101
Step 2 Analyze the trend of the counters one week before and one week after the failure based on the
failure scope located in step 1. Check if the fluctuation of the counters is normal.
− If yes, no more operations are required.
− If no, locate the time when the RRC access success rate deteriorates and go to Step 3.
Step 3 Check whether any alarms are generated on the RNC or NodeB when the RRC access success
rate decreases.
− If yes, clear the alarms according to the online help. If the alarms are cleared, no
more operations are required. If the alarms persist, go to Step 4.
Step 4 Query RNC and NodeB operation logs to check whether any changes are falsely made to
parameter settings after the problem occurs.
− If yes, check whether the changes are appropriate. If they are inappropriate, modify
them and check whether the counters restore. If the counters restore, no more
operations are required. If the counters do not restore, go to Step 5.
Step 5 Analyze the counters listed in Table 8-4 to check if the value of the VS MinRTWP is -106
dBm when no services are going on in the problem cell. (optional)
− If yes, there is no interference, go to step 5.
− If no, interference exists. Check whether the value of the counter is caused by
external interferences.
Table 8-4 Counters for checking the value of VS MinRTWP
Counter Description
VS.MeanRTWP Average RTWP for Cell
VS.MaxRTWP Maximum RTWP for Cell
VS.MinRTWP Minimum RTWP for Cell
Step 6 Check whether the failure is caused by poor coverage. (optional)
Check whether the value of Ec/N0 in the RRC CONNECT REQUEST message is lower than
-13 dB. (If the value is lower than -13 dB, the downlink signal quality is poor.)
− If yes, the downlink coverage is poor. Upgrade the network to improve cell coverage.
If the upgrade succeeds, no more operations are required. If the upgrade fails, go to
Step 7.
− If no, the downlink coverage is sound. If the value of the counter is normal, go to
Step 7.
The value of Ec/N0 is shown in Figure 8-1.

102
Figure 8-1 Value of Ec/N0
Step 7 If the access failure persists after the preceding steps are taken, contact Huawei Customer
Service Center.
----End
Failure Description
The RRC ASR decreases after an RNC is upgraded.
Possible Causes
The problem may be caused by inappropriate changes in parameter settings.
Fault Handling Procedure
Statistics show the increase of the VS.RRC.FainConnEstab.NoReply counter is the main
cause for the decrease of the RRC access success rate.

103
Step 1 Check whether the RRC access success rate shown in Figure 8-2 decreases before the upgrade.
The results show that the RRC access success rate decreased before the upgrade.
Step 2 Analyze RNC and NodeB operation logs when the access failure rate is high. The results
show that the SET UCONNMODETIMER command has been run and the N381 value is
changed from D3 ms to D1 ms.
Figure 8-2 Results of operation logs
Step 3 Change the N381 value to D0 ms and then check whether the RRC access success rate
decreases. Related results show the RRC sends the CONNECTION SETUP message only
once after the change. UEs on the cell edge experience RRC access failures, which cause the
RRC access success rate to decrease, as shown in Figure 8-3.
T381 is started after the RNC send the RRC CONNECTION SETUP message. If T381 expires and RNC
does not receive an RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE message and the V381 value is smaller
than the N381 value, RNC resends the RRC CONNECTION SETUP message and restarts the timer
T381 and increases the V381 value. Currently N381 is set to D1 ms.

104
Figure 8-3 RRC access failure rate due to bad signal quality
----End
Failure Description
The RRC access success rate fluctuates in a cell.
Possible Causes
Interference causes the sudden rise of the RTWP, leading to the increase of the
VS.RRC.FailConnEstab.NoReply counter.
Step 1 Analyze the values of cell-level counters.
The results show the RRC success rate fluctuates sharply, as shown in Figure 8-4.

105
Figure 8-4 Sharp fluctuation of RRC success rate
Step 2 Determine when the value of the VS.MaxRTWP counter fluctuates.
The results show the counter fluctuates sharply when the RTWP abnormally increases, and the
counter is stable when the RTWP remains unchanged.
Then, analyze the relationship between the RTWP and the number of UEs camping on the
problem cell. The results show the RTWP fluctuates sharply when there is a small number of
UEs. It can be inferred that the rise of the RTWP is caused by external interference. Then
check whether any external interference exists.
Step 3 Conduct an interference test.
The test results show external interference exists when the RTWP abnormally increases,
which leads to the problem of no replies to an RRC connection setup request. After the
interference is cleared the RTWP and the preceding counter restore.
----End
8.5 Troubleshooting Rejected RRC Connection Setup
Requests
8.5.1 Failure Description
The signaling procedure shows the RNC sends the RRC CONNECTION SETUP REJ
message or statistics show the VS.RRC.FailConnEstab.Cong counter is increasing.
8.5.2 Handling Procedure
Step 1 Analyze the value of the counters listed in Table 8-5 to check what types of resources are
congested.

106
Table 8-5 Counters for deciding what resources are congested
Counters Description
VS.RRC.Rej.ULPower.C
ong
Number of RRC Connection Rejects for Cell (UL Power
Congestion)
VS.RRC.Rej.DLPower.C
ong
Number of RRC Connection Rejects for Cell (DL Power
Congestion)
VS.RRC.Rej.ULIUBBan
d.Cong
Number of RRC Connection Rejects for Cell (UL Iub
VS.RRC.Rej.DLIUBBan
d.Cong
Number of RRC Connection Rejects for Cell (DL Iub
VS.RRC.Rej.ULCE.Con
g
Number of RRC Connection Rejects for Cell (UL CE
Resource Congestion)
VS.RRC.Rej.DLCE.Con
g
Number of RRC Connection Rejects for Cell (DL CE
VS.RRC.Rej.Code.Cong Number of RRC Connection Rejects for Cell (Code
Step 2 To address the RRC.Rej.RL.Fail and VS.RRC.Rej.TNL.Fail counters, check if any
transmission alarms are generated when the resources are congested.
1. If yes, clear the alarms by troubleshooting transmission problems. If the alarms are
cleared, no more operations are required. If the alarms persist, go to Step 3.
2. If no, go to Step 3.
Step 3 Query RNC and NodeB operation logs to check whether any changes are falsely made to
parameter settings when the congestion occurs.
1. If yes, check whether the changes are appropriate. If they are inappropriate, modify them
and check whether the counters restore. If the counters restore, no more operations are
required. If the counters do not restore, go to Step 4.
Step 4 Analyze the value of the counters one week before and one week after the congestion. Check
whether the resource congestion is caused by traffic bursts.
1. If yes, check whether the resources are sufficient. If the resources are insufficient,
expand the network capacity. If the resources are sufficient, contact Huawei Customer
Service Center.
Step 5 If the problem persists after the preceding steps are taken, contact Huawei Customer Service
Center.
----End

107
8.6 Troubleshooting Failures in Replying to RRC
Connection Setup Requests
The signaling process shows that the RNC does not return the RRC CONNECTION SETUP
or RRC CONNECTION REJ message after receiving the RRC CONNECTIONREQ
message.
8.6.2 Handling Procedure
Step 1 Determine whether the RNC discards the RRC connection setup requests due to flow control
by doing as follows:
Check whether the VS.RRC.FC.Disc.Num counter increases.
 If yes, go to step 2.
Step 2 Check whether a service burst occurs.
 If yes, change the parameters to reduce the probability of flow control.
Step 3 Contact Huawei technical support.
----End

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 9 Troubleshooting RAB Setup Faults
108
9 Troubleshooting RAB Setup Faults
This chapter describes how to locate and troubleshoot access faults.
9.2 Definition of RAB Setup Faults
An RAB setup fault can refer to a single RAB setup failure or a low RAB setup success rate
as indicated by the related KPI.
9.2.1 RAB Setup Success Rate
The RAB setup success rate indicates the probability of successful CS/PS services setups after
a UE finishes RRC signaling access. A low RAB setup success rate affects user
experience.RAB setup success rate = Number of successful RAB setups/Number of RAB
setup attempts
CS RAB and PS RAB setup success rates are as follows independently.
VS.RAB.SuccEstCS.RNC.Rate = (VS.RAB.SuccEstabCS.Conv.RNC
+ VS.RAB.SuccEstabCS.Str.RNC)
/(VS.RAB.AttEstabCS.Conv.RNC
+ VS.RAB.AttEstabCS.Str.RNC)
VS.RAB.SuccEstPS.RNC.Rate = (VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.Bkg.RNC +
VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.Str.RNC + VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.Conv.RNC +
VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.Int.RNC)
/(VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Conv.RNC + VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Bkg.RNC +
VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Int.RNC + VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Str.RNC)
9.2.2 RAB Setup Procedure
1) The CN sends a RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message to the RNC over the Iu-CS or
Iu-PS interface.
2) After the RNC receives the RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message, the RNC performs
resource admission.

109
 If the resource admission fails, the RNC sends a RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE
message with failure cause to the CN.
 If the admission is successful, the RNC sends a RADIO BEARER SETUP message to
the UE.
3) The UE launches the setup procedure of RADIO BEARER SETUP
 If the RB setup fails, which can be the RNC receives the RADIO BEARER SETUP
FAILURE message from the UE or does not receive the respond message in time, the
RNC writes the failure cause and then sends an RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE
message to the CN.
 If the RB setup is successful, the UE sends a RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE
message to the RNC. The RNC then return the RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE
message to the CN.
9.2.3 RAB Setup Failure Scenarios
1. The RNC fails in cell resources admission including code, CE, transmission or power
resources.
2. The RNC sends a RADIO BEARER SETUP message to the UE but does not receive a
RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE or a RADIO BEARER SETUP FAILURE
message from the UE.
3. The RNC sends a RADIO BEARER SETUP message to the UE but receives a RADIO
BEARER SETUP FAILURE message.
9.3 Possible Causes
 The Uu does not respond.
Packet loss occurs on the SCTP link over the Iub interface.
 The traffic volume increases abnormally.
A certain type of UE is abnormal.
 Resources are congested.
− The number of AAL2 path links configured on the Iub interface is insufficient.
− The number of AAL2 path links configured on the Iu interface is insufficient.
− The number of DSP resources on the DPU board is insufficient.
 The RNC configuration does not support RAB setup.
The service rate setting is incorrect.
 The network transmission is faulty.
− The bandwidth of the IP PATH over the Iu-PS interface is insufficient.
 The physical channel is faulty.
 Two cells with different coverage areas are incorrectly set to be the neighboring cells for
blind handovers.
 Others
− The priority of services in the cell is configured incorrectly.
− The RNC does not support multi-RAB.

110
9.4 Troubleshooting RAB Setup Failure
Step 1 Check whether the setup success rate drastically decreases from a certain time.
If no, record the period of time including the course of the decrease comparing to the working
days and hours, and go to Step 4.
Step 2 View the operation logs and check whether related operations have been executed within 24
hours during this period.
If yes, go to Step 5 to contact Huawei to confirm the effects of the operations.
Step 3 Check whether any alarms have been reported within 24 hours during this period.
If yes, troubleshooting the alarms faults.
Step 4 Analyze the causes of setup failures.
As for the cell KPIs mentioned in the following sub-steps, the values of these KPIs must be
accumulated before analysis.
1. Check whether the values of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.UuNoReply or
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.UuNoReply increase noticeably.
If yes, see section 9.5 "Troubleshooting the Problem of Uu No Response."
If no, go to the next step.
2. Check whether the value of VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Cong or VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Cong
increases noticeably.
If yes, go to the next step.
If no, go to the sixth step.
3. Check whether the numbers of CS RAB setup attempts and PS RAB setup attempts
increase noticeably.
Number of CS RAB setup attempts = VS.RAB.AttEstabCS.Conv.RNC +
VS.RAB.AttEstabCS.Str.RNC
Number of PS RAB setup attempts = VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Bkg.RNC RNC +
VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Conv.RNC + VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Int.RNC +
VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Str.RNC
If yes, see section 9.6 "Troubleshooting Increased Traffic Volume."
4. Check whether the values of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULIUBBand.Cong and
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.ULIUBBand.Cong increase noticeably.
If yes, see section 9.7 "Troubleshooting Iub Congestion."
5. Check whether the following counters increase noticeably.
If yes, go to step 5.
If no, see section 9.8 "Troubleshooting Other Congestions."

111
KPI Counter
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Cong VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.DLIUBBand.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULIUBBand.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULCE.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.DLCE.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Code.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULPower.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.DLPower.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Cong VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.DLIUBBand.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.ULIUBBand.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.ULCE.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.DLCE.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Code.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.ULPower.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.DLPower.Cong
6. Check whether the values of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Unsp or VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Unsp
If yes, see section 9.9 "Troubleshooting the Problem of RAB Setup Not Allowed by the
RNC Configuration."
7. Check whether the values of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.TNL or VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.TNL
If yes, see section 9.10 "Troubleshooting Transmission Network Faults."
8. Check whether the values of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.PhyChFail or
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.PhyChFail increase noticeably.
If yes, see section 9.11 "Troubleshooting Physical Channel Faults."
9. Check whether the following KPIs increase noticeably.
CS KPI PS KPI
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.IubFail
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.RBIncCfg
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.RBCfgUnsup
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.IubFail
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.RBIncCfg
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.RBCfgUnsupp
If no, see section 9.12 "Miscellaneous."

112
9.5 Troubleshooting the Problem of Uu No Response
The RNC RAB setup success rate decreases and the value of
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.UuNoReply or VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.UuNoReply increases noticeably.
The following analysis is based on the period when the fault occurs.
Step 1 Analyze the values of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.UuNoReply and
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.UuNoReply of each cell, and check whether they increase noticeably in
some cells.
If yes, record the cell ID and go to Step 2.
Step 2 Run the RNC MML command LST UCELL to query the NodeB name corresponding to the
cell ID.
Step 3 Run the RNC MML command LST UIUBCP to locate the link number based on the NodeB
name.
If… Then…
The Iub interface adopts ATM
transmission
Locate the SAAL link number
The Iub interface adopts IP
transmission
Locate the SCTP link number.
Step 4 Check whether the following alarms are reported.
ALM-21541 SCTP Link Fault
ALM-21542 SCTP Link Congestion
If yes, see section 14.3 "Troubleshooting SCTP Faults."
Step 5 Check whether the value of VS.SCTP.RETX.PKGNUM changes noticeably.
If yes, see section 14.3 "Troubleshooting SCTP Faults."
----End
9.5.3 Typical Cases
Fault Description

113
RNC CS and PS RAB setup success rates are both very low. The values of
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.UuNoReply and VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.UuNoReply increase noticeably.
Cause Analysis
Packet loss occurs on the Iub interface due to Iub transmission device faults. As a result, the
RAB setup fails due to Uu no response. The problem is solved after troubleshooting
transmission faults.
Step 1 Locate the cells where the values of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.UuNoReply and
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.UuNoReply increase noticeably.
Step 2 Identify the transmission mode of the problem cells. The problem cells use IP transmission.
Locate the SCTP link number for the cell on the control plane.
Step 3 View the counters for the SCTP link. The value of S.SCTP.RETX.RKGNUM increases
noticeably.
Step 4 Troubleshoot the corresponding transmission link. Packet loss occurs over the Iub interface
due to Iub transmission device faults. The RAB setup success rate increase after the problem
is solved.
----End

114
9.6 Troubleshooting Increased Traffic Volume
The RAB setup success rate decreases and the values of VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Cong or
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Cong increase noticeably. The number of CS RAB setup attempts or PS
RAB setup attempts increases noticeably.
Step 1 Analyze the number of online UEs. Check whether the values VS.CellDCHUEs.RNC and
VS.CellFACHUEs.RNC increase noticeably.
If no, go to Step 5
Step 2 Analyze the number of CS RAB setup attempts or PS RAB setup attempts in each cell. Check
whether the numbers increase drastically in some cells.
Number of CS RAB setup attempts = VS.RAB.AttEstabCS.Conv + VS.RAB.AttEstabCS.Str
Number of PS RAB setup attempts = VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Bkg + VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Conv
+ VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Int + VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Str
If yes, check whether mass gathering occurs in the site coverage area.
Step 3 Check whether there are any network behaviors influencing the current traffic model.
If yes, adjust the network according to the current traffic model.
Step 4 Check whether the number of service requests initiated by a certain type of UE increases
drastically on the CN side.
If yes, troubleshoot the UE-related fault.
----End
9.6.3 Typical Cases
Fault Description
The RAB setup success rate decreases and the number of VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Cong
Cause Analysis
A large number of BlackBerry users initiate PS services at the same time, leading to resource
congestion. As a result, the PS RAB setup fails.

115
Step 1 The number of PS RAB requests increase drastically.
Step 2 Perform analysis on the GGSN side. Results show that the number of APN accesses initiated
by BlackBerry users increases drastically. This is because the server of the RIM application
layer is abnormal and rejects all the repeated PS service requests initiated by BlackBerry
users.
----End
9.7 Troubleshooting Iub Congestion
The RAB setup success rate decreases. The number of CS or PS RAB setup attempts remains
unchanged, but the value of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULIUBBand.Cong or
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.ULIUBBand.Cong increases noticeably.
Step 1 Analyze the values of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULIUBBand.Cong and
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.ULIUBBand.Cong for each cell. Check whether they increase
noticeably in some cells.
If yes, record the cell ID and go to Step 2.
Step 2 Check the transmission mode applied on the Iub interface in the cell.

116
If… Then…
The Iub interface uses ATM
transmission
Go to step 3.
The Iub interface uses IP
transmission
Go to step 5.
The Iub interface uses
transmission resource pool
Go to step8.
Step 3 Check whether the CID resource for an AAL2 path is insufficient.
 Run the RNC MML command LST UCELL to query the NodeB name corresponding to
the cell ID.
 Run the RNC MML command LST ADJNODE to query the ANI corresponding to the
name of the adjacent node
 Analyze the value of VS.QAAL2.Act.Conwith the measurement object ANI.
 Run the RNC MML command LST AAL2PATH to query the AAL2 path corresponding
to the ANI, and record the number of links configured on the AAL2 path.
 Check whether the actual value exceeds the configured value.
Actual Value Configured Value
VS.QAAL2.Act.Con Number of paths x 248
If yes, the Iub bandwidth is insufficient. Add new AAL2 paths.
Step 4 Check whether the total actual traffic of all AAL2 paths is far less than the allocated traffic.
If yes, that is the actual traffic of (AAL2PATH ID1+ AAL2PATH ID2+…AAL2PATH IDn) <
the allocated traffic, execute the following steps to decrease the value of the activity factor.
1. Run the RNC MML command LST ADJMAP to query the FTI corresponding to the
ANI.
2. Run the RNC MML command MOD TRMFACTOR to modify activity factor or ADD
TRMFACTOR to add new activity factor list.
If no, go to Setp 6.
Path ID Actual Traffic Allocated Traffic
TX AAL2PATH ID1 VS.AAL2PATH.PVCLA
YER.TXBYTES*8
VS.QAAL2.AllocedF
wd.AAL2BitRate
VS.QAAL2.AllocedM
axFwd.AAL2BitRate.
Value
AAL2PATH ID2 VS.AAL2PATH.PVCLA
YER.RXBYTES*8
… …

117
RX AAL2PATH ID1 VS.AAL2PATH.PVCLA
YER.RXBYTES*8
VS.QAAL2.AllocedB
wd.AAL2BitRate
VS.QAAL2.AllocedM
axBwd.AAL2BitRate.
Value
YER.RXBYTES*8
… …
Step 5 Check whether the IP paths corresponding to the service exist.
 If yes, see section 3.5.1 "Troubleshooting Abnormal AAL2PATH,IPPATH or ."
Check whether the problem is solved. If yes, no further action is required. If no, go to Step 6.
Step 6 Check whether the bandwidth configured for the IP paths over the Iub interface is insufficient.
1. Run the RNC MML command LST IPPATH with the interface type specified to query
the links configured for the Iub interface. Record the link numbers.
2. Analyze the following KPIs and record the transmit rate and receive rate of each link:
VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.PEAK.TXRATE
VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.MEAN.TX
VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.PEAK.RXRATE
VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.MEAN.RX
3. Run the RNC MML command LST IPPATH with PATHID specified to check the
bandwidth configured for each path. Record the transmit bandwidth and receive
bandwidth.
4. Check whether the actual rate of a path exceeds the configured one noticeably.
Path ID Actual Rate Configured
Bandwidth
PATHID VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.PEAK.TXRATE
Transmit
bandwidth
PATHID VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.PEAK.RXRATE
Receive
bandwidth
If yes, adjust the bandwidth of the links or add new links. Check whether the problem is
solved. If yes, no further action is required. If no, go to Step 9.
Step 7 Check whether the actual traffic flow on an IP path is much less than the allocated one.
If yes, that is the actual traffic of (IPPATH ID1+ IPPATH ID2+…IPPATH IDn) < the allocated
traffic, execute the following steps to adjust the value of activity factor.
1. Run the RNC MML command LST ADJMAP to find the FTI corresponding to the ANI.
2. Run the RNC MML command MOD TRMFACTOR to modify the value of activity
factor or ADD TRMFACTOR to add a new activity factor.

118
Path ID Actual Traffic Flow Allocated Traffic Flow
TX IPPATH ID1 VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.TXB
YTES *8
OS.ANI.IP.AllocedFwd
IPPATH ID 2 VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.TXB
YTES *8
OS.ANI.IP.AllocedFwd
… …
TX IPPATH ID 1 VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.RXB
YTES *8
OS.ANI.IP.AllocedBwd
IPPATH ID 2 VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.RXB
YTES *8
OS.ANI.IP.AllocedBwd
… …
Step 8 Check whether the bandwidth configured for the adjacent node over the Iub interface is
insufficient..
 Run the LST UCELL command to find the NodeB name according to the Cell Id.
 Run the LST ADJNODE command to find the ANI (Adjacent Node ID) according to the
NodeB Id.
 Run the DSPADJNODE command with ANI specified to check the bandwidth
configured for each adjacent node. Record the transmit bandwidth and receive bandwidth.
If the bandwidth is small(<100), Run the MOD ADJNODE command to modify the
bandwidth(TxBw and RxBw).
Check whether the problem is solved.
If yes, no further action is required..
----End
9.7.3 Typical Cases
Fault Description
The RAB setup success rate decreases. The values of
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULIUBBand.Cong and VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.ULIUBBand.Cong
Cause Analysis
The Iub congestion occurrences increase noticeably only in certain cells. With the increase in
the number of HSPA users, the number of AAL2 paths becomes insufficient. Therefore, the
Iub bandwidth admissions for CS and PS fail, leading to assignment failures.
Step 1 The Iub congestion increases noticeably only in certain cells.

119
Step 2 The problem sites adopt ATM transmission, and check the number of AAL2 path links on the
user plane.
Step 3 Analyze the value of VS.QAAL2.Act.Con for the problem sites.
Step 4 Check whether the value of VS.QAAL2.Act.Con exceeds the number of AAL2 path links
multiplied by 248.
Step 5 If the value of VS.QAAL2.Act.Con exceeds the number of AAL2 path links multiplied by
248, add new AAL2 path links.
----End
9.8 Troubleshooting Other Congestions
The RAB setup success rate decreases. The value of VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Cong or
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Cong increases noticeably, but resource congestion occurrences do not
Step 1 Check the transmission mode applied on the Iu-CS interface.
1. Run the RNC MML command LST ADJNODE to query the ANI corresponding to the
Iu-CS interface.
2. Analyze the value of VS.QAAL2.Act.Con with the measurement object being the ANI.
3. Run the RNC MML command LST AAL2PATH to query the AAL2 path
corresponding to the ANI. Record the number of links configured on the AAL2 path.
4. Check whether the actual value of VS.QAAL2.Act.Con exceeds the number of links
multiplied by 248.
VS.QAAL2.Act.Con The number of links*248
If yes, the bandwidth of Iu-CS is insufficient, and therefore add new AAL2 path links.
Step 2 (Optional: applicable to the BSC6900 only) Analyze the value of VS.DSP.UsagePeak. Check
whether the load of a DSP subsystem exceeds 90%.
If yes, it indicates that insufficient DSP capacity leads to the access failure. Check whether the
load between DSP subsystems is balanced. If no, adjust the load sharing threshold on the user
plane. If yes, expand the DPU capacity. For details about capacity expansion, go to Step 4.
Generally, if the value of VS.DSP.UsageAvg exceeds 60%, expand the DPU capacity.
Step 3 (Optional: applicable to the BSC6910 only) Analyze the value of
VS.SUBSYS.CPULOAD.MAX. Check whether the load of a UP subsystem exceeds 90%.
If yes, it indicates that insufficient UP capacity leads to the access failure. Check whether the
load between UP subsystems is balanced. If yes, expand the UP capacity..

120
Generally speaking, start to expand the UP capacity when the value of
VS.SUBSYS.CPULOAD.MEAN exceeds 60% is suitable. If no, check whether the threshold
of user plane sharing is the same with the default value. If no, adjust the threshold to the
default value. If yes, go to Step 4.
----End
Fault Description
The CS RAB setup success rate decreases. The values of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Cong in most
cells increase noticeably. The values of the following counters remain unchanged:
RAB.FailEstabCS.Cong.other = VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Cong -
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.DLIUBBand.Cong -
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULIUBBand.Cong -
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULCE.Cong -
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.DLCE.Cong -
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Code.Cong -
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULPower.Cong -
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.DLPower.Cong
Cause Analysis
The number of AAL2 path links over the Iu-CS interface is insufficient. Applying for CID
resource in busy hours fails, leading to the CS RAB setup failures.
Step 1 Analyze the KPIs. Only the CS KPIs are abnormal, whereas the PS KPIs are normal.
Step 2 ATM transmission is applied on the Iu-CS interface, and check the number of configured
AAL2 paths..
Step 3 Check whether the value of VS.QAAL2.Act.Con on the Iu-CS interface increases noticeably.
QAAL2Id Time VS.QAAL2.Act.Con
1995 2009-10-6 16:00 310.0056
1995 2009-10-6 16:30 275.4445
1995 2009-10-6 17:00 453.9528
1995 2009-10-6 17:30 454.4833
1995 2009-10-6 18:00 467.775
1995 2009-10-6 18:30 475.0695
1995 2009-10-6 19:00 438.1805

121
Step 4 Check the value of VS.QAAL2.Act.Con exceeds the number of AAL2 path links multiplied
by 248.
Step 5 Add two AAL2 paths on the Iu-CS interface to solve the problem.
----End
Fault Description
The CS and PS RAB setup success rates of BSC6900 decreases. The values of
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Cong increase noticeably and the value of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Cong
increase slightly in certain cells. The resource congestion occurrences generally remain
unchanged.
Cause Analysis
The traffic exceeds the configured DSP capacity for the DPU board, leading to the RAB setup
failures.
Step 1 Analyze the KPIs to check whether the problem cells are carried in one subrack.
Step 2 Analyze the value of VS.DSP.UsagePeak to check whether the DSP usages of some DPU
boards in the subrack exceed 90%.
Step 3 Run the RNC MML command SET UUSERPLNSHAREPARA with
UserPlnSharingOutThd set to 70 to decrease the inter-subrack load sharing threshold on the
user plane to avoid the problem. Add new DPU boards to solve the problem.
----End
9.9 Troubleshooting the Problem of RAB Setup Not
Allowed by the RNC Configuration
The RAB setup success rate is very low. The value of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Unsp or
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Unsp increases noticeably.
Step 1 Check whether the values of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Unsp and VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Unsp
increase drastically in some cells.
Step 2 Check whether the maximum rate assigned by the CN falls into the range of the RNC
configuration.

122
1. Check the value of trafficClass and MaxBitrate IE in the
RANAP_RAB_ASSIGNMENT_REQUSET message.
2. Run the RNC MML command LST UTYPRAB to check whether the maximum rates of
the RNC and the CN are consistent according to the TrafficClass.
If no, adjust the maximum rate of the CN or of the RNC. Check whether the problem is
solved. If the problem is solved, no further action is required. If the problem is not
solved, go to Step 3.
----End
9.9.3 Typical Cases
The PS RAB setup success rate decreases. The value of VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Unsp increases
noticeably. The value of VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Cong generally remains unchanged.
Possible Causes
The Streaming services are registered at a rate larger than the maximum rate allowed by the
RNC, leading to the RAB setup failures.
Fault Handling
Step 1 Analyze the KPIs. Only the PS Streaming services fail to be set up.
Step 2 Analyze the signaling to check the rate assigned by the CN for PS Streaming services. It is
2048 kbit/s.
Step 3 Check the maximum rate for PS Streaming services configured on the RNC side. The
maximum rate is 384 kbit/s, smaller than the rate assigned by the CN, which leads to the RAB
setup failure.

123
Step 4 Modify the registration rate on the CN side to solve the problem.
----End
9.10 Troubleshooting Transmission Network Faults
The RAB setup success rate decreases. The value of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.TNL or
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.TNL increases noticeably.
Step 1 Check the transmission mode applied.
If… Then…
The Iu interface uses ATM
transmission
Go to step 2.
The Iu interface uses IP
transmission
Go to Step 5.
The Iu interface uses transmission
resource pool
Go to Step 10.
Step 2 Check whether the CID resource for an AAL2 path is insufficient.
 Run the RNC MML command LST UCELL to query the NodeB name corresponding to
the cell ID.
 Run the RNC MML command LST ADJNODE to query the ANI corresponding to the
name of the adjacent node
 Analyze the value of VS.QAAL2.Act.Conwith the measurement object ANI.
 Run the RNC MML command LST AAL2PATH to query the AAL2 path corresponding
to the ANI, and record the number of links configured on the AAL2 path.
 Check whether the actual value exceeds the configured value.
VS.QAAL2.Act.Con Number of paths x 248
If yes, the Iu bandwidth is insufficient. Add new AAL2 paths.
Step 3 Check whether the total actual traffic of all AAL2 paths is far less than the allocated traffic.
If yes, that is the actual traffic of (AAL2PATH ID1+ AAL2PATH ID2+…AAL2PATH IDn) <
the allocated traffic, execute the following steps to decrease the value of the activity factor.
1. Run the RNC MML command LST ADJMAP to query the FTI corresponding to the
ANI.

124
2. Run the RNC MML command MOD TRMFACTOR to modify activity factor or ADD
TRMFACTOR to add new activity factor list.
If no, go to Setp 5.
Path ID Actual Traffic Allocated Traffic
TX AAL2PATH ID1 VS.AAL2PATH.PVCLA
YER.TXBYTES*8
VS.QAAL2.AllocedF
wd.AAL2BitRate
VS.QAAL2.AllocedM
axFwd.AAL2BitRate.
Value
YER.RXBYTES*8
… …
RX AAL2PATH ID1 VS.AAL2PATH.PVCLA
YER.RXBYTES*8
VS.QAAL2.AllocedB
wd.AAL2BitRate
VS.QAAL2.AllocedM
axBwd.AAL2BitRate.
Value
YER.RXBYTES*8
… …
Step 4 (Optional: applicable to the Iu-CS interface only) Check whether the user plane IP address
carried in the RAB assignment request is consistent with that in the RNC configuration scripts
by performing the following operation
Check whether the transportLayerAddress field in the RAB ASSIGNMENTREQUEST
message is consistent with the setting of the NSAP parameter for the corresponding ANI on
the RNC side in the ADD AAL2RT command.
Step 5 Run the RNC MML command LST IPPATH with the interface type set to Iu-CS or Iu-PS to
check the links configured for the Iu-CS or Iu-PS interface. Record the link numbers.
Step 6 Analyze the KPIs. Record the transmit rate and receive rate of each link.
VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.PEAK.TXRATE
VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.PEAK.RXRATE
Step 7 Run the RNC MML command LST IPPATH with the PATHID specified to check the
configured bandwidth for each link. Record the transmit bandwidth and receive bandwidth.
Step 8 Check whether the actual rate of a link exceeds the configured bandwidth noticeably.

125
Path ID Actual Rate Configured
Bandwidth
PATHID VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.PEAK.TXRATE
Transmit
bandwidth
PATHID VS.IPPATH.IPLAYER.PEAK.RXRATE
Receive
bandwidth
If yes, adjust the bandwidth of the links or add new links. Check whether the problem is
solved. If the problem is solved, no further action is required. If the problem is not solved, go
to Step 11.
Step 9 Check whether the user plane IP address carried in the RAB assignment request is consistent
with that in the RNC configuration scripts by performing the following operation.
Check whether the transportLayerAddress field in the RAB ASSIGNMENTREQUEST
message is consistent with the setting of the PEERIPADDR parameter for the ANI on the
RNC side in the ADD IPPATH command.
If not consistent, modify the parameters on the RNC side to keep them consistent with those
of the CN.
If consistent, go to Step 11.
Step 10 Check whether the bandwidth configured for the adjacent node over the Iub interface is
insufficient.
 Run the LST UCELL command to find the NodeB name according to the Cell Id.
 Run the LST ADJNODE command to find the ANI (Adjacent Node ID) according to the
NodeB Id.
 Run the DSPADJNODE command with ANI specified to check the bandwidth
configured for each adjacent node. Record the transmit bandwidth and receive bandwidth.
If the bandwidth is small(<100), Run the MOD ADJNODE command to modify the
bandwidth(TxBw and RxBw).
Check whether the problem is solved.
If yes, no further action is required..
----End
9.10.3 Typical Cases
Fault Description
The PS RAB setup success rate is very low. The value of VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.TNL increases
noticeably.
Cause Analysis

126
The forward bandwidth and backward bandwidth configured for each IP path for the SGSN
are small. The total bandwidth is less than PS traffic flow in busy hours, leading to the PS
RAB setup failures.
Step 1 Check the number of IP paths configured on the Iu-PS interface and the forward bandwidth
and backward bandwidth.
Step 2 Analyze the transmit rate and receive rate by viewing IPPATH.IPLAYER.
Step 3 Check whether the KPIs exceed the bandwidth configured for the path.
Step 4 Increase the forward bandwidth and backward bandwidth of the IP paths on the Iu-PS
interface to solve the problem.
----End
9.11 Troubleshooting Physical Channel Faults
The RAB setup success rate decreases. The value of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.PhyChFail or
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.PhyChFail increases noticeably.
Step 1 Check whether the values of VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.PhyChFail and
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.PhyChFail increase drastically in some cells.
If yes, go to Step 2. If no, go to Step 5.
Step 2 Check whether the DRD success rate decreases noticeably.
DRD.RBSetup.succRate = VS.DRD.RBSetup.SuccOut/VS.DRD.RBSetup.AttOut
Step 3 Check whether the problem cell is configured with multiple neighboring cells for blind
handovers. Run the LST UINTERFREQNCELL command to locate the record meeting the
following requirements:
 The blind handover flag is "Yes."
 The RNC ID is the same as the RNC ID of neighboring cells.
 The Cell ID and neighboring cell ID show that the two cells belong to one site.
If yes, identify which is the same-coverage cell and modify the blind handover flags of other
cells to "No."
If no, record the neighboring cell ID and go to Step 4.
Step 4 Check the cell ID and neighboring cell ID and analyze whether they are same-coverage cells.
1. Run the LST UCELLSETUP command to locate the LOCELL corresponding to the
cell ID.
2. Locate the corresponding NodeB. Run the NodeB MML command LST LOCELL to
check whether the two cells have the same SECNO.

127
If no, the two cells are not the same-coverage cells, reconfigure blind handover neighboring
cells.
----End
Fault Description
The PS RAB setup success rate decreases. The value of VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.PhyChFail
increases noticeably in some cells, and the DRD success rate is low.
Possible Causes
On the dual-carrier network, cells with different coverage areas are mistakenly set as the
inter-frequency neighboring cells for blind handovers. The DRD to inter-frequency cells fails
during PS service setup due to poor signal quality.
Fault Handling
Step 1 Check whether the problem cell and multiple inter-frequency cells are configured as
neighboring cells for blind handovers.
Step 2 Set only the same-coverage cells as the neighboring cells of the problem cell for blind
handovers.
----End
9.12 Miscellaneous
The RAB setup success rate decreases, but the RAB setup failures due to a specific cause do
not increase noticeably.
Step 1 Check whether the numbers of failed CS RAB setups and failed PS RAB setups increase
noticeably in some cells.

128
Number of
Failed RAB
Setups (All)
Number of Failed
RAB Setups (Causes
known)
Number of Failed
RAB Setups (Others)
CS (VS.RAB.AttEstab
CS.Conv +
VS.RAB.AttEstab
CS.Str)
-
(VS.RAB.SuccEst
abCS.Conv +
VS.RAB.SuccEsta
bCS.Str)
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Un
sp +
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.TN
L +
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Iub
Fail +
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Uu
Fail
(VS.RAB.AttEstabCS.
Conv +
VS.RAB.AttEstabCS.St
r)
-
(VS.RAB.SuccEstabCS
.Conv +
VS.RAB.SuccEstabCS.
Str)
-
(VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.
Unsp +
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.T
NL +
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.I
ubFail +
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.
UuFail)

129
Number of
Failed RAB
Setups (All)
Number of Failed
RAB Setups (Causes
known)
Number of Failed
RAB Setups (Others)
PS (VS.RAB.AttEstab
PS.Bkg +
VS.RAB.AttEstab
PS.Conv +
VS.RAB.AttEstab
PS.Int +
VS.RAB.AttEstab
PS.Str)
-
(VS.RAB.SuccEst
abPS.Bkg +
VS.RAB.SuccEsta
bPS.Conv +
VS.RAB.SuccEsta
bPS.Int +
VS.RAB.SuccEsta
bPS.Str)
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Un
sp +
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.TN
L +
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Iub
Fail +
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Uu
Fail
(VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.B
kg +
VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.C
onv +
VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.In
t +
VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.St
r)
-
(VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.
Bkg +
VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.
Conv +
VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.I
nt +
VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.
Str)
-
(VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.
Unsp +
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.T
NL +
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.I
ubFail +
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.U
uFail)
Step 2 Check whether the cells support the corresponding services.
1. Run the RNC MML command LST UCELL to locate the service priority group identity
(SPG ID) corresponding to the cell ID.
2. Run the RNC MML command LST USPG to find the service priority list according to
the SPG ID.
If the priority of the current service is 0, the cell does not support this service. Run the RNC
MML command MOD USPG to modify the service priority first and check whether the
problem is solved. If yes, no further action is required. If no, go to Step 3.
Step 3 Check whether the RNC supports multiple RAB services.
Check whether the value of VS.MultRAB.0CS.2PS.RNC or VS.MultRAB.0CS.3PS.RNC is
0.
If yes, run the RNC MML command SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH to enable
CFG_MULTI_RAB_SWITCH in the CfgSwitch parameter. Check whether the problem is
solved. If solved, no further action is required. If the problem is not solved, go to step 4.

130
----End
Fault Description
The CS RAB setup success rate decreases, especially for some cells. The values of
VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.RNL and VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.TNL do not increase noticeably.
Possible Causes
In the multi-carrier service layered network, the cell using frequency F1 is preferentially
selected for camping, but the SPGs of cells using frequencies F2 and F3 do not support R99
real-time services. Therefore, the RAB assignment for CS services fails.
Fault Handling
Step 1 Check the frequencies of the cells with a low CS assignment success rate. The cells use
frequencies F2 and F3.
Step 2 Check the configuration of the cells. The R99 real-time service priority of these cells is 0,
indicating that these cells do not support R99 real-time services. Therefore, the CS services
redirected from the cell using F1 to cells using F2 and F3 fail.
Step 3 Modify the R99 real-time service priority in the SPG of cells using frequencies F2 and F3 to a
value other than 0 to solve the problem.
----End
Fault Description
The PS RAB setup success rate decreases, but the values of VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.TNL and
VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.RNL remain unchanged.
Possible Causes
The multi-RAB switch is disabled and the PS domain does not support multi-RAB setup,
leading to PS RAB assignment failures.
Fault Handling
Step 1 Analyze the value of VS.MultRAB.0CS.2PS.RNC. It is 0.
Step 2 Check the configuration to see whether the multi-RAB switch is disabled.
Run the RNC MML command LST UCORRMALGOSWITCH to check the setting of
CFG_MULTI_RAB_SWITCH.
Step 3 Enable the multi-RAB function to solve the problem.
----End

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 10 Troubleshooting Call Drops
131
10 Troubleshooting Call Drops
10.1 Definition of CDR
Call drop rate (CDR) refers to the proportion of abnormally dropped calls to the total calls
initiated by the MS. The CDR indicates the retainability of CS services and it is one of the
important KPIs that customers consider.
The higher the CDR is, the more it upsets the customers. CDR can be classified into CS CDR
and PS CDR according to different service types in Core Network (CN) domain.
10.1.1 CDR Formulas
 The following formula is for CS CDR:
VS.CS.Call.Drop.Cell.Rate = VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS/(VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS +
VS.RAB.NormRel.CS)
 The following formula is for PS CDR:
VS.PS.Call.Drop.Cell.Rate = VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS/(VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS +
VS.RAB.NormRel.PS)

132
10.1.2 Signaling Procedure for a Call Drop
Figure 10-1shows the signaling procedure for a call drop.
Figure 10-1 Signaling procedure for a call drop
10.2 Related KPIs for Call Drops
Table 10-1 lists cell-level KPIs for CS call drops.
Table 10-1 Cell-level KPIs for CS call drops
KPI Counters Remarks
VS.RAB.AbnormRel.
CS
Number of RF call drops:
VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS.RF
All the sub-counters but the
following:
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS.RF.
ULSync
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS.RF.
UuNoReply
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS.RF.S

133
RBReset
 Others
Number of non-RF call
drops:
VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS-VS
.RAB.AbnormRel.CS.RF
following:
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS.IuA
AL2
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS.OM
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS.Pree
mpt
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS.OLC
 Others
Table 10-2 lists cell-level KPIs for PS call drops.
Table 10-2 Cell-level KPIs for PS call drops
VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS Number of RF call drops:
VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.R
F
following:
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.RF.S
RBReset
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.RF.U
LSync
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.RF.U
uNoReply
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.RF.T
RBReset
 Others
Number of non-RF call
drops:
VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS-
VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.R
F
following:
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.GTP
ULoss
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.OM
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.Pree
mpt
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.OL-
C
 Others
Table 10-3 lists Iur-interface-level sub-counters for the call drops at Iur-interface.

134
Table 10-3 Iur-interface-level sub-counters for call drops at Iur-interface
Description Item
Number of abnormally released CS
RABs according to different types of
services on the SRNC IUR interface
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.AMR.Iur
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS64.Iur
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS.Str.Iur
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.AMRWB.Iur
Number of RABs abnormally released
on the Iur interface according to service
types in PS domain
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.Conv.Iur
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.Str.Iur
 VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS.BE.Iur
10.3 Troubleshooting Procedure
1. Analyze the proportion of section 9.2 "Related KPIs for Call Drops" to the adding call
drops. Decide the impact scopes. Generally, the faulty scope can be classified as the
whole RNC cell, a set of cells containing Iur neighboring relationship, individual cell or
site, a cell to which a subrack belongs, a cell to which an interface board belongs and a
cell to which the CPUS corresponds. Then analyze and troubleshoot the problem
according to different scopes.
-If they occur in a single cell or site, see section 10.4 "Troubleshooting Call Drops in a
Single Cell or Site".
-If they occur in other areas, see section 10.5 "Troubleshooting Call Drops in the Entire
Network".
2. Please collect common fault information and the following information before you
contact Huawei Customer Service Center.
Table 10-4 provides the information to be collected for fault locating before you contact
Huawei Customer Service Center.
Table 10-4 Information to be collected for fault locating
NO. Item Description Remarks
1 Detailed fault
description
 Start and end time of the fault
 Detailed fault description
 Impact scopes (a cell, a
NodeB, the whole RNC or
other RNCs under the same
MSC).
None
2 Operations
taken before
and after the
fault occurs
Operations taken before and after
the fault occurs, such as:
 Board switchover
 Software upgrade
 Change of the clock source
 Dynamic data configuration
None

135
 NodeB reset
 RNC reset
 MSC cutover
 MSC data modification
3 Version
information of
faulty NEs
Software versions of the related
RNCs and NodeBs
For the
method of
collecting
software
versions, see
Appendix
"Methods to
Collect Fault
Information".
4 Data
configuration
script
Data configuration script used
when the fault occurs
For the
method of
collecting a
data
configuration
script, see
Appendix
"Methods to
Collect Fault
Information".
5 Historical
alarms
Historical alarms generated seven
days before and after the fault
occurs
For the
method of
collecting
historical
alarms, see
Appendix
"Methods to
Collect Fault
Information".
6 Counter values Values of the related counters
obtained seven days before and
after the fault occurs
For the
method of
collecting
counter values,
see Appendix
"Methods to
Collect Fault
Information".
7 CALLFAULT,
CHR and
PCHR logs
CALLFAULT, CHR and PCHR
logs (including all subrack logs)
generated two hours before and
after the fault occurs
For the
method of
collecting
CALLFAULT,
CHR and
PCHR logs,
see Appendix
"Methods to
Collect Fault

136
Information".
8 Common
debug logs
Common debug logs generated
two days before and after the fault
occurs
For the
method of
collecting
common
debug logs,
see Appendix
"Methods to
Collect Fault
Information".
9 Operation logs Operation logs generated 10 days
before and after the fault occurs
For the
method of
collecting
operation logs,
see Appendix
"Methods to
Collect Fault
Information".
10 Results of IOS
tracing
Results of IOS tracing in one or
two faulty cells when the fault
occurs
For the
method of
collecting IOS
tracing results,
see Appendix
"Methods to
Collect Fault
Information".
11 NodeB logs Logs of one or two faulty NodeBs For the
method of
collecting
NodeB logs,
see Appendix
"Methods to
Collect Fault
Information".
10.4 Troubleshooting Call Drops in a Single Cell or Site
The CS or PS call drop rate increases and the statistics show that call drops occur in a single
cell or site.
Step 1 Check the site to see whether any of the transmission alarms listed in Table 10-5 and Table
10-6 are generated.

137
1. If yes, clear the alarms according to the online help. Then, check whether the related
KPIs restore. If the KPIs do not restore, go to Step 2. If the KPIs restore, no more
operations are required.
Table 10-5 RNC transmission alarms
Alarm ID Alarm Name/Class
21541, 21542 SCTP link faults alarms
21531, 21232 SAAL link faults alarms
21345-21349, 21371, 21374, 21375, 21350,
21387
FEGE ports alarms
21251-21275, 21276-21291 Optical ports alarms
21201-21209 E1 transmission alarms
Table 10-6 NodeB transmission alarms
21541, 21542 SCTP link faults alarms
21531, 21232 SAAL link faults alarms
25880-25900 FEGE ports alarms
25820-25834 ATM transmission alarms
25800-25807 E1 transmission alarms
Step 2 Check the site to see whether any of the device and clock alarms listed in Table 10-7 are
generated.
Table 10-7 NodeB device and clock alarms
NodeB Alarm ID Alarm Name
25920-25938 Optical ports alarms
26200-26216 Board alarms
26501-26546 RF faults alarms
26751-26760 Antenna/TMA faults alarms

138
26260-26266 Clock alarms
Step 3 Collect the value of VS.MeanRTWP in the cells under the same site. If the value is larger than
-95 dB, call drops may occur.
1. If yes, check if any interference exists. If the problem is solved, no more operations are
required. If the counter remains large after the interference has been reduced, go to Step
4.
Step 4 Collect and analyze the signaling messages traced by the IOS before call drops occur.
Check whether there are neighboring cells which are missed. It’s RNC that cannot add cells
with good signal quality to an active set after events 1A, 1C or 1D are reported.
1. If yes, add these cells to the active set. Then check whether call drops are cleared. If call
drops are cleared, no more operations are required. If call drops persist, go to Step 5.
Step 5 Collect the information for fault locating provided in Table 10-4. Then, contact Huawei
Customer Service Center.
----End
Fault Description
After a NobeB is reparented from RNC1 to RNC2, the CS and PS call drop rates increase.
Possible Causes
Cells with good signal quality are not configured as neighboring cells for the problem cell.
When the NobeB is being reparented, the original bidirectional relationship between the
problem cell and its neighboring cells becomes unidirectional. This leads to coverage holes
and causes signal quality to deteriorate, leading to call drops.
Fault Handling
Note that cell 31509 is a problem cell in the following handling procedure.
Step 1 Analyze how a call drop occurs in cell 31509 by referring to the IOS tracing results.
The results show the RNC fails to initiate a soft handover to add related cells to the active set
after events 1A and 1D are reported. As a result, the signal quality deteriorates, leading to call
drops.
Step 2 Compare the RNC configuration files before and after the NodeB is reparented.
The results show the problem cell, cell 15429, and cell 35429 is configured as neighboring
cells before the NodeB is reparented. However, the neighboring cell relationship is not
configured after the NodeB is reparented, as shown in Figure 10-2.

139
Figure 10-2 Configuration files before and after NodeB is reparented
Step 3 Configure the three cells as neighboring cells to each other again.
----End
10.5 Troubleshooting Call Drops in the Entire Network
The VS.RAB.AbnormRel.CS and VS.RAB.AbnormRel.PS KPIs provide the number of CS
call drops and PS call drops, respectively. Statistics show that call drops occur in the entire
network.
Step 1 Query the operation logs to check whether parameter settings are changed when call drops
occur.
1. If yes, check whether the parameter settings are appropriate. If some parameter settings
are inappropriate, modify them and check whether the related KPIs restore. If the KPIs
restore, no more operations are required. If the KPIs do not restore, go to Step 2.
Step 2 Check whether any of the alarms listed in Table 10-8 and Table 10-9 are generated.
Table 10-8 List of device alarms
Alarm ID Alarm Name
20211 ALM-20211 DSP Time Synchronization Information Abnormal
20221 ALM-20221 Link Between GE Switching Boards Faulty
20222 ALM-20222 Communication Between GE Switching Boards Faulty
20224 ALM-20224 Broadcast Packet Overflow
20225 ALM-20225 GE Link on GE Switching Board Panel Faulty
20227 ALM-20227 Communication Between Subrack Faulty

140
Alarm ID Alarm Name
20228 ALM-20228 GE Link Between GE Switching Board and Service
Board Faulty
20232 ALM-20232 GE Interface Unit Fault
20233 ALM-20233 Board Voltage Abnormity Alarm
20234 ALM-20234 Board BIOS CRC Fault Alarm
20241 ALM-20241 Board Unavailable
20242 ALM-20242 Board Subsystem Unavailable
20243 ALM-20243 Board Hardware Fault
20244 ALM-20244 Subrack Reset
20248 ALM-20248 Incorrect Board Slot Information
20249 ALM-20249 Abnormal Information About DIP Switch of Subrack
20250 ALM-20250 Sub-board Status Abnormal
20251 ALM-20251 Board Temperature too High
20254 ALM-20254 DSP Unavailable
20256 ALM-20256 CPU Overload
20257 ALM-20257 Board Startup and Running Failure
20260 ALM-20260 Internal Communication Fault
20272 ALM-20272 Board Function Unavailable
20750 ALM-20750 CRC Value Inconsistency in Board Startup
22501 ALM-22501 DSP CPU Overload
22941 EVT-22941 UP CP flexible configuration alarm
Table 10-9 List of clock alarms
Alarm ID Alarm Name
20204 ALM-20204 Clock Signal Inputs Faulty
20206 ALM-20206 Current System Clock Reference Source Status
Abnormal
20209 ALM-20209 Faulty Phase-Locked Loop of the Board Clock
20210 ALM-20210 Current Clock Reference Source of Main Control
Board Abnormal
20201 ALM-20201 1PPS State Abnormal

141
Alarm ID Alarm Name
20202 ALM-20202 Time Information Reception Abnormal
Step 3 Check whether any of the transmission alarms listed in Table 10-10 are generated, especially
transmission over the Iu and Iur interface. For Iub interface, check whether a large amount of
new alarms is generated.
Table 10-10 List of transmission alarms
21541, 21542 SCTP link
21531, 21232 SAAL link
21551-21553 M3UA link set
21501-21506 MTP3B link set
21345-21349, 21371, 21374, 21375, 21350,
21387
FEGE ports
21251-21275, 21276-21291 Optical port transmission
21201-21209 E1 transmission
Step 4 If call drops persist after the preceding steps are taken, collect the information for fault
locating before contact Huawei Customer Service Center.
----End
Fault Description
The CS CDR rises suddenly in a site while the PS CDR remains unchanged.
Possible Causes
Changes in parameter settings cause the CS CDR to rise.
Fault Handling
Step 1 Analyze counter values.
The results show call drops do not occur in a single cell. In this case, it can be inferred that
call drops occur in the entire network.
Step 2 Query operation logs.

142
The results show when call drops deteriorate, the MOD UCELLINTERFREQHOCOV
reduces the CS 2D/2F threshold from -14/-12 dBm to -10/-8 dBm in cells with carrier
frequency F2. That causes the CS to enter the compressed mode.
Step 3 Analyze power consumption.
More power is consumed when UEs operate in compressed mode. The Ec/N0 value is lower
than that of the normal mode in same radio environment. As a result, call drops are more
likely to occur.
Step 4 Restore the threshold for event 2D or 2F.
----End
Fault Description
The CS CDR rises by 20% in a site. Statistics show that call drops are caused by none-RF
reasons.
Possible Causes
Faults in the CN cause three paths over the Iu-CS interface to fail to work properly.
Fault Handling
Step 1 Check whether any alarm is generated.
It is found that no abnormal alarms are generated.
Step 2 Analyze the traffic volumes for the three paths.
The results show the three paths only transmit data.
Step 3 Perform an F5 CC loopback test by running the ACT VCLCC command.
The execution results indicate that the RNC is operating properly. The following is an
example for the command:
ACT VCLCC: LNKT = AAL2PATH, ANI = xx, PATHID = xx, VCLTYPE = LOOPBACK;
Step 4 Check whether any exception occurs on the board on the CN side.
The result shows the board is faulty. Switch over the board and the data traffic on the path is
steady. Call drops are cleared.
----End
Fault Description
Both the CS and PS CDRs rise after the RNC is swapped.
Possible Causes
Transmission faults on the Iur interface cause congestion on the Iur links.
Fault Handling

143
The CS and PS CDR rise is shown in Figure 10-3.
Figure 10-3 Rise of CS and PS call drops
Step 1 Check the values of the related counters.
The results show call drops mainly occur in cells whose neighboring cells are controlled by a
different RNC, as shown in Figure 10-4.
Figure 10-4 Rise of call drops on the Iur Interface
Step 2 Analyze generated alarms and operation logs.
The results show no abnormal transmission alarms are generated or exceptions occur on
devices. In addition, no changes are made to parameter settings.
Step 3 Analyze IOS tracing results specific to the problem cells.
The results show call drops occur when the signal is getting stronger in the DRNC.
Analyze the user-plane data.
The results show no frames are received from the DRNC.
Step 4 Check Iur-interface configurations.
The results show there are four paths between the SRNC and DRNC, but the configurations
on the two RNCs are different. The differences are as follows:
 On the SRNC, links 1 and 2 are carried over a physical port; links 3 and 4 are carried
over another physical port.
 On the DRNC, links 1 and 3 are carried over a physical port; links 2 and 4 are carried
over another physical port.
Restore the links and call drops are cleared.
----End

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 11 Troubleshooting Handover Faults
144
11 Troubleshooting Handover Faults
This chapter describes the procedure for troubleshooting handover faults.
11.2 Definitions of Handover Faults
11.2.1 Handover Success Ratio Formula
Table 11-1 lists the handover success ratio formulas.

145
Table 11-1 Handover success ratio formulas
Soft
Handover
Success Ratio
Soft Handover Success Ratio (RNC) =
(VS.SHO.Succ.RNC/VS.SHO.Att.RNC) * 100%;
Soft Handover Success Ratio (Cell) = [(VS.SHO.SuccRLAdd +
VS.SHO.SuccRLDel)/(VS.SHO.AttRLAdd+VS.SHO.AttRLDel)] *
100%
Inter-frequen
cy Hard
Handover
Success Ratio
Inter-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio (RNC) =
(VS.HHO.SuccInterFreq.RNC/VS.HHO.AttInterFreq.RNC) *
100%;
Inter-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio (Cell) =
(VS.HHO.SuccInterFreqOut/VS.HHO.AttInterFreqOut) * 100%
CS
WCDMA-to-
GSM
Inter-RAT
Handover
Out Success
Ratio
CS W2G Inter-RAT Handover Out Success Ratio (RNC) =
(VS.IRATHO.SuccOutCS.RNC/VS.IRATHO.AttOutCS.RNC) *
100%;
CS W2G Inter-RAT Handover Out Success Ratio (Cell) =
(IRATHO.SuccOutCS/IRATHO.AttOutCS) * 100%
PS
WCDMA-to-
GSM
Inter-RAT
Handover
Out Success
Ratio
PS W2G Inter-RAT Handover Out Success Ratio (RNC) =
(VS.IRATHO.SuccOutPSUTRAN.RNC/VS.IRATHO.AttOutPSUT
RAN.RNC) * 100%;
PS W2G Inter-RAT Handover Out Success Ratio (Cell) =
(IRATHO.SuccOutPSUTRAN/IRATHO.AttOutPSUTRAN) * 100%
SRNC
Relocation
Success Ratio
SRNC Relocation Success Ratio = [(VS.SRELOC.SuccExecUEInvolCS
+ VS.SRELOC.SuccExecUEInvolPS +
VS.SRELOC.SuccExecUENonInvolCS +
VS.SRELOC.SuccExecUENonInvolPS)/(RELOC.SuccPrepUEInvolCS
+ RELOC.SuccPrepUENotInvolCS + RELOC.SuccPrepUEInvolPS +
RELOC.SuccPrepUENotInvolPS)] * 100%
11.2.2 Handover Signaling Procedure
For the signaling procedure for each type of handover, see the following description in the
RAN feature Documentation.
Table 11-2 lists the signaling procedure for each type of handover in the RAN feature
Documentation.

146
Table 11-2 Signaling procedure for each type of handover
Signaling
Procedures for
Intra-Frequency
Handover
Intra-NodeB Intra-Frequency Soft Handover Signaling
Procedure
Intra-RNC Inter-NodeB Intra-Frequency Soft Handover
Signaling Procedure
Inter-RNC Intra-Frequency Soft Handover Signaling
Procedure
Intra-RNC Inter-NodeB Intra-Frequency Hard Handover
Signaling Procedure
Inter-RNC Intra-Frequency Hard Handover Signaling
Procedure
Signaling
Procedures for
Inter-Frequency
Handover
Inter-Frequency Handover Within One RNC
Inter-Frequency Handover Between RNCs
Signaling
Procedures for
Inter-RAT
Handover
UMTS-to-GSM Handover in the CS Domain
UMTS-to-GSM Handover in the PS Domain
UMTS-to-GSM Handover in Both CS Domain and PS Domain
GSM-to-UMTS Handover in the CS Domain
GSM-to-UMTS Handover in the PS Domain
11.3 Handover Procedures
Figure 11-1 shows the handover procedure. When troubleshooting a fault according to the
signaling procedure, first find the step where there is a fault, and then analyze the fault cause.

147
Figure 11-1 Handover procedure
*1 The abnormal measurement control message is caused by the following reasons:
 The cell has no neighboring relationship with other cells.
 The neighboring cell parameter settings for the cell are incorrect.
 The corresponding handover switch is not turned on in the cell.
*2 The measurement report may not be sent due to incorrect settings of the cell handover triggering
conditions.
*3 Check whether the cell supports the corresponding services.
*4 The handover failure is caused by the following reasons:
 The radio link is not configured during the cross-Iur handover.
 The inter-RAT handover configuration is incorrect on the GSM side.
*5 The handover failure is caused by the following reasons:

148
 The network side does not receive the handover completion message because of poor quality of the
air-interface signal.
 The user equipment (UE) reports the handover failure message because the configuration does not
support the handover or new cells cannot be synchronized.
11.4 Troubleshooting Handover Faults
The handover success ratio is low.
 First check whether the handover problem is caused by an RNC fault or a NodeB fault
according to the range and background of handover failures.
− If the handover problem is caused by an RNC fault, check the network level issues
including the parameter settings on the mobile switching center (MSC) and radio
network controller (RNC) and signaling interaction between the MSC and RNC.
− If the handover problem is caused by a NodeB fault, check the parameter settings,
air-interface signal quality, and TOP UE in the cell where the handover problem
occurs. A TOP UE is a UE whose handover success ratio is much lower than others.
 The methods of locating handover faults are as follows:
− Analyze the traffic measurement counters for the handover.
− Locate the faults in the TOP cell..
− Check the parameter settings.
− Check for device and transmission alarms.
− Check for problems related to the interference and coverage.
− Check the neighbor relationship plan.
Figure 11-2 shows the common procedure for troubleshooting handover faults.

149
Figure 11-2 Procedure for handling handover faults
Step 1 Analyze the handover success ratio and check whether there are TOP faulty cells.
 If no, handle faults according to section 11.5 "Troubleshooting Faults on Related NEs."
Step 2 Check whether the source and target cells where the handover fails belong to the same RNC.
 If no, handle faults according to section 11.6 "Troubleshooting Inter-RNC, Inter-MSC,
and Inter-RAT Handover Problems."

150
Step 3 Check whether there is a hardware alarm in the cells where the handover fails.
 If yes, handle faults according to section 11.7 "Troubleshooting the Abnormal Handover
Caused by Hardware and Transmission Faults."
Step 4 Check whether the air-interface quality is poor (low Ec/No or high RTWP).
 If yes, handle faults according to section 11.8 "Troubleshooting the Abnormal Handover
Caused by Poor Quality."
Step 5 Check whether the handover parameter settings (including the neighboring cell capability, the
handover threshold, and so on) is normal.
 If no, handle faults according to section 10.9 "Troubleshooting the Abnormal Handover
Caused by Incorrect Parameter Settings."
Step 6 Check whether there is a heavy congestion in the target cell.
If the success ratio in the WCDMA-to-GSM inter-RAT handover is low, check the congestion ratio on
the traffic channel (TCH) in the target neighboring GSM cells.
 If there is a heavy congestion in the target cell, handle faults according to section 11.10
"Troubleshooting Congestion in the Target Cell."
 If there is no heavy congestion in the target cell, go to Step 77.
----End
11.5 Troubleshooting Faults on Related NEs
11.5.2 The handover success ratio is low in most of cells, but there
is no TOP cell which is quite low. Related Information
The clock exceptions cause the following problems:
 The UE cannot measure inter-frequency neighboring cells.
 The UE cannot send the measurement report.
 It is difficult to trigger handovers.
Step 1 Run the RNC MML command DSP CLK to check whether the clock status is normal on each
board. Select the clock board and check whether the clock reference source is normal on the
RNC.

151
 If the phase-locked loop status of the current clock source on the clock board is tracing,
and the radio frame number (RFN) state is normal on the SPU, DPU, GPU and SCU
boards, go to Step 2.
 If no, check for the alarms in Table 11-3. If the following alarms occur, handle the fault
according to the alarm help.
− If the fault is rectified, the troubleshooting ends.
− If the fault persists, go to Step 2.
Table 1-3 lists the clock alarms on each board.
Table 11-3 Clock alarms on each board
20201 ALM-20201 1PPS State Abnormal
20202 ALM-20202 Time Information Reception Abnormal
20203 ALM-20203 Clock Signal Outputs Faulty
20204 ALM-20204 Clock Signal Inputs Faulty
20205 ALM-20205 System Clock Reference Source
Unavailable
20206 ALM-20206 Current System Clock Reference Source
Status Abnormal
20207 ALM-20207 Failure in Locking System Clock Source
20208 ALM-20208 Clock Reference Source of Main Control
Board Unavailable
20209 ALM-20209 Faulty Phase-Locked Loop of the Board
Clock
20210 ALM-20210 Current Clock Reference Source of Main
Control Board Abnormal
20211 ALM-20211 DSP Time Synchronization Information
Abnormal
----End
11.6 Troubleshooting Inter-RNC, Inter-MSC, and
Inter-RAT Handover Problems
 The inter-RNC handover failure ratio is high in some cells.
 The inter-RAT handover failure ratio is high in some cells.

152
 The parameter settings (CELL ID, RNC ID, and LAC) are incorrect in the cells related
with the inter-MSC handover.
 The parameter settings are incorrect in the cells related with the handover between target
RNCs.
 The neighboring cell configuration is incorrect between systems in the network.
 The encryption process is faulty.
 The GSM clock is abnormal.
 The handover process is abnormal.
Step 1 Run the RNC MML command DSP CLK to check whether the clocks on the source RNC,
target RNC, source base station controller (BSC), and target BSC are normally synchronized
with the clock on the MSC.
 If the phase-locked loop status of the current clock source on the clock board is tracing,
go to Step 2.
 If no, perform troubleshooting to ensure the synchronization and conduct the test again.
Step 2 Check whether neighboring cells are configured correctly on the source RNC, target RNC,
source BSC, and target BSC.
According to the network plan and engineering parameters of the live network, compare the
cell and neighboring cell configuration between the source and target cells to see whether all
neighboring cells are configured or the cell ID and scrambling code is correct.
 If neighboring cells are configured correctly, go to Step 3.
 If neighboring cells are not configured correctly, reconfigure the neighboring cells and
conduct the test again.
Step 3 On the MSC, check whether the parameter settings related to the cells where the handover
fails are correct. The parameters to be checked include CELL ID, RNC ID, and LAC.
 If the parameter settings are correct, go to Step 4.
 If the parameter settings are incorrect, reconfigure the parameters and conduct the test
again.
Step 4 Check whether the handover fails in the encryption process.
In the signaling handover process, the UE fails in accessing the cell controlled by the target
RNC or BSC, and the RNC or BSC returns a physical channel failure, or the values of
counters indicating physical channel failures, as listed in Table 11-4, increase.

153
Table 11-4 Counters for physical channel failures
Number Counters for Physical Channel Failures
1 VS.HHO.FailOutInterRNCIur.PhyChFail.CS.NCell
2 VS.HHO.FailOutInterRNCIur.PhyChFail.PS.NCell
3 IRATHO.FailOutCS.PhyChFail
4 IRATHO.FailOutPSUTRAN.PhyChFail
5 VS.IRATHO.FailRelocOutPS.PhyChFail
6 VS.U2LTEHO.FailOutPS.PhyChFail
7 VS.HHO.FailInterFreqOut.InterRNC.PhyChFail
8 VS.U2LTEHO.FailOutPS.PhyChFail
9 VS.SRELOC.FailExec.PhyChFail
 If yes, check whether the encryption algorithms are consistent on the MSC, RNC, and
BSC.
− If the encryption algorithms are consistent, go to Step 5.
− If the encryption algorithms are inconsistent, modify the encryption process on the
MSC or the encryption parameters or process on the RNC and BSC and conduct the
test again.
Step 5 Check whether the UMTS-to-GSM handover failure is caused by the abnormal clock on GSM
base transceiver station (BTS).
 If yes, handle the fault and conduct the test again.
Step 6 Trace the signaling of a user on the serving radio network controller (SRNC), drift radio
network controller (DRNC), and BSC to check whether the signaling interaction is normal
between the source RNC and the source MSC, the source MSC and the target MSC, the
source RNC and the target BSC.
 If all the signaling processes are correct, go to Step 7.
 If any signaling process is incorrect, first analyze the NE that returns a failure message.
For example, if an RNC returns a failure message, the personnel in charge of the RNC
need to analyze the problem and then perform troubleshooting.
----End

154
Fault Description
During the inter-RNC handover, after the SRNC sends a Relocation Required message to the
CN, the CN responds with a Relocation Failure message. The cause value is "un-know RNC
ID."
Possible Causes
Due to the incorrect DRNC configuration on the CN, the CN fails to find the correct DRNC
after receiving a relocation request from the SRNC.
Fault Handling
Step 1 The CN reports the failure, so the CN is checked first.
Step 2 According to the message from the SRNC, the CN configuration is checked.
Step 3 The DRNC configuration on the CN is incorrect. After the configuration is modified, the fault
is rectified.
----End
Fault Description
After a UMTS-to-GSM handover is triggered, the RNC on the UMTS side delivers the
physical channel reconfiguration to a UE, but the UE reports a reconfiguration failure which
is caused by a physical channel failure. Therefore, the handover fails.
After a GSM-to-UMTS handover is triggered, the UE sends the first message (HANDOVER
TO UTRAN COMPLETE message) to the RNC on the UMTS side. The encryption algorithm
used by the RNC on the UMTS side is not consistent with that on the GSM side. Therefore,
the decryption fails, and the RNC does not receive the HANDOVER TO UTRAN
COMPLETE message. As a result, the handover fails.
Possible Causes
The encryption algorithms used on the GSM and UMTS side are inconsistent. The message is
encrypted by using the encryption algorithm (UEA1) on the UMTS side but it is not
encrypted on the GSM side.
Fault Handling
Step 1 The failure is analyzed as follows:
− After a UMTS-to-GSM handover is triggered, the RNC on the UMTS side delivers
the physical channel reconfiguration to a UE, but the UE reports a reconfiguration
failure which is caused by a physical channel failure.
− After a GSM-to-UMTS handover is triggered, the UE sends the first message
(HANDOVER TO UTRAN COMPLETE message) to the RNC on the UMTS side.
However, the RNC does not receive the HANDOVER TO UTRAN COMPLETE
message.
Step 2 The encryption policy is compared between the RNC and BSC to check whether the message
is encrypted on the UMTS side but not on the GSM side. If yes, enable the encryption mode
on the BSC.

155
Step 3 After the encryption mode is enabled on the BSC, the troubleshooting ends.
----End
Fault Description
During the GSM-to-UMTS handover, the RNC delivers the security mode after receiving an
RRC_HO_UTRAN_CMP message from the UE, but the UE does not respond.
Possible Causes
The GSM clock fails to be synchronized with the MSC clock. Therefore, the UE cannot
exchange information with the network after being handed over to the UMTS cell. As a result,
the UE cannot respond to the Security Mode Cmd message delivered by the RNC.
Handling Process
Step 1 The failure is analyzed as follows:
− The GSM-to-UMTS handover process is completed.
− The capability exchange is completed between the CN and the UE.
− After the RNC delivers the security mode, the UE does not respond, and the RNC is
released abnormally because of the timer expiration.
Step 2 The GSM side is checked to see whether there is a clock alarm.
Step 3 After the clock alarm on the GSM side is cleared, the troubleshooting ends.
----End
11.7 Troubleshooting the Abnormal Handover Caused by
Hardware and Transmission Faults
There are transmission alarms and the clock alarms.
NOTE
If the parameter settings of the faulty cells and its neighboring cells are not modified recently, check
whether the abnormal handover is caused by hardware and transmission faults first.
11.7.2 Related Information
The hardware fault alarms and IDs are as follows:
 ALM-21321 VCL CC Detection Failure
 ALM-21346 IP Connectivity Check Failure
 ALM-21581 Path Fault
 ALM-21252 SDH/SONET Loss of Signal
 ALM-21345 Ethernet Link Fault

156
 Alarms related to the clock source (ALM-20201 to ALM-20210).
Step 1 Locate and clear the hardware fault alarm according to section 11.7.2 "Related Information."
 If the alarm is not cleared, go to Step 2.
 If the alarm is cleared, conduct the test again to check whether the handover counter is
recovered.
− If yes, the troubleshooting ends.
----End
Poor Quality of the Air Interface
Table 11-5 shows that the handover failures increase obviously because the UE does not
respond to the air interface message.
Table 11-5 Handover failure times
Times of the soft handover failure
caused by poor quality of the air
interface
VS.SoHO.FailRLAdd.NoReply
VS.SHO.FailRLAdd.NoReply
Times of hard handover failure caused
by poor quality of the air interface
VS.HHO.FailIntraFreqOut.NoReply
VS.HHO.FailInterFreqOut.NoReply
VS.HHO.FailIntraFreqOut.InterRNC.NoReply
VS.HHO.FailInterFreqOut.InterRNC.NoReply
 Common interferences include the uplink interference, downlink interference, antenna
intermodulation interference, extranet inference, uplink intranet interference, and
downlink intranet interference.
 If there is coverage difference between the uplink and downlink, the air interface will
have a poor quality. As a result, signaling interaction will fail over the air interface.
 The MS reports the release abnormally because of the unspecified failure or timeout,
protocol error, and others. They are usually caused by the poor quality of the air
interface.

157
Step 1 Check whether there is interference in the cell by observing the counters such as the received
total wideband power (RTWP), NodeB channel quality indication (CQI), and the Ec/No when
users are accessing the cell. The Ec/No value is obtained from the RRC CONNECTION REQ
message.
 If there is no interference in the cell go to Step 2.
 If there is interference in the cell, clear the interference source or change the interfered
frequency and conduct the test again.
Step 2 Check the quality of the air interface by observing the counters such as the RTWP, NodeB
CQI, and the Ec/No when users are accessing the cell. The Ec/No value is obtained from the
RRC CONNECTION REQ message.
 If the quality of the air interface is good, go to Step 3.
 If the quality of the air interface is poor, perform network optimization to improve the
quality of the air interface and conduct the test again.
----End
Fault Description
The radio coverage difference between the uplink and downlink causes a delay in the soft
handover. As a result, handover fails, and therefore a call drop occurs. The IOS tracing results
shows that a soft handover fails.
Possible Causes
When a soft handover starts, the radio quality in the serving cell and target cell is poor. The
radio quality is worsening continuously. After delivering an Active Set Update message, the
timer for the RNC waiting for the Active Set Update Cmp message from the UE expires.
And then the handover fails, which causes a call drop.
Fault Handling
Step 1 The UE reports event 1A. According to event 1A, the cell scrambling code to be added to the
active set is 327.
Step 2 The RNC delivers an Active Set Update message.
Step 3 The measurement report from the UE shows that Ec/No reduces from -6.5 dB to -17.5 dB in
1s in the serving cell.
Step 4 The RNC does not receive the Active Set Update Cmp message from the UE, so a CS call
drop occurs.
----End

158
Incorrect Parameter Settings
 The drive test and signaling monitoring results show that the signal strength or quality is
poor in the serving cell of the UE, and the signal quality reaches the handover decision
threshold in its neighboring cells, but the handover is difficult to trigger. Therefore, the
call drop rate is high.
 The signal quality in the neighboring cells is almost the same as that in the serving cell,
but handovers are frequently triggered. As a result, the conversation quality is poor, and
call drops are easily caused.
 The PS WCDMA-to-GSM handover occurs frequently, but the handover success ratio is
low.
 Incorrect setting of the threshold for triggering the handover
If the handover time threshold and hysteresis for triggering events 1A, 2A, and 3A are
set incorrectly, handovers are difficult to trigger or frequently triggered, and call drops
are caused. For more details, see the description about parameters in the SET
UINTRAFREQHO, SET UINTERFREQHOCOV, and SET UINTERRATHOCOV
commands.
 Incorrect cell parameter settings
If a cell and its neighboring cell have the same scrambling code, the RNC will start a
handover to an incorrect cell after the UE sends the measurement report. Therefore, the
UE cannot be synchronized with the target cell, which causes a handover failure and a
call drop.
 Incorrect neighboring cell configuration
The signal quality is good in the neighboring cells. However, if the neighboring
relationship is not configured or the neighboring cell configuration is incorrect, the UE
will not report its neighboring cells or will report incorrect neighboring cells. As a result,
the UE cannot start a handover or it is difficult to start a handover.
Step 1 Check the neighboring cell configuration to see whether all neighboring cells are configured,
there is any redundant neighboring cell, the neighboring cell configuration are correct, and
there is any cell whose frequency and scrambling code are same as its neighboring cells.
Check the neighboring cells according to the network plan and engineering parameters of the live
network.
 If the neighboring cell configuration is correct, go to Step 2.
 If the neighboring cell configuration is incorrect, reconfigure neighboring cells and
conduct the test again.

159
Step 2 Optional: If the problem is related to inter-frequency or inter-RAT handovers, check whether
parameter settings of the compressed mode are correct by running the LST UHOCOMM,
LST UCMCF, LST UCELLCMCF, and LST UCORRMALGOSWITCH commands on
the BSC.
 If parameter settings of the compressed mode are correct, go to Step 3.
 If parameter settings of the compressed mode are incorrect, run corresponding
commands to reconfigure the parameters and conduct the test again.
Step 3 Check the handover parameter settings in the cell by running the LST
UCELLINTERFREQHOCOV, LST UCELLINTERFREQHONCOV, LST
UCELLINTERRATHOCOV, LST UCELLINTERRATHONCOV, and LST
UCELLINTRAFREQHO commands on the BSC. Compare the parameter settings with
those in the cells where the handover is normal to check for improper parameter settings.
 If parameter settings are proper, go to Step 4.
 If parameter settings are improper, run corresponding commands to reconfigure the
parameters and conduct the test again.
----End
Fault Description
The PS relocation on BSC6900 fails. As shown in the Iu interface trace result, after the RNC
delivers a Relocation Required message and the core network (CN) delivers a Relocation
Command message, the RNC delivers a Relocation Cancel message to terminate the
relocation.
The cause value is "iu transport connection failed to establish."
Possible Causes
According to the analysis of the fault symptom, the possible causes are as follows:
 The GTPU (Tunneling Protocol for the user plane) IP path for the DRNC is not
configured or configured improperly. GTPU is short for the GPRS Tunneling Protocol
for the user plane.
 The GTPU IP route (IPRT) to the DRNC is not configured or configured improperly.
 The target RNC does not accept the relocation.
Fault Handling
Step 1 According to the Relocation_Command message delivered by the CN over the Iu interface, it
is found that the GTPU address identified by the IE (transportLayerAddress-First) is 0C 11
0A 0D which becomes12.17.10.13 after being changed into decimal, and then this address is
confirmed to be the GTPU address of the DRNC.

160
Step 2 The parameter settings of the RNC are checked. It is found that the SRNC cancels the
relocation, because the IP path to the DRNC is not configured.
Step 3 The IP path and IPRT are configured according to "Configuring a Path for Static SRNC
Relocation" in the BSC6900 UMTS initial configuration Guide. Then the fault is rectified.
----End
11.10 Troubleshooting Congestion in the Target Cell
The handover failures increase obviously in a cell because sources congestion in the target
cell. Table 11-6 lists the number of failures in resource assignment during handovers in the
cell.
Table 11-6 Number of failures in resource assignment during handovers in the cell
Number of Failures in Resource
Assignment During Soft Handovers
Number of Failures in Resource
Assignment During Hard Handovers
VS.RAC.SHO.Fail.ULCE.Cong
VS.RAC.SHO.Fail.ULPower.Cong
VS.RAC.SHO.Fail.DLPower.Cong
VS.RAC.SHO.Fail.Code.Cong
VS.RAC.SHO.Fail.ULIUBBand.Cong
VS.RAC.SHO.Fail.DLIUBBand.Cong
VS.RAC.SHO.Fail.HSUPANum.Cong
VS.RAC.SHO.Fail.DLCE.Cong
VS.RAC.HHO.Fail.ULCE.Cong
VS.RAC.HHO.Fail.ULPower.Cong
VS.RAC.HHO.Fail.DLPower.Cong
VS.RAC.HHO.Fail.ULIUBBand.Cong
VS.RAC.HHO.Fail.DLIUBBand.Cong
VS.RAC.HHO.Fail.HSDPANum.Cong
VS.RAC.HHO.Fail.HSUPANum.Cong
VS.RAC.HHO.Fail.Code.Cong
VS.RAC.HHO.Fail.DLCE.Cong
During some meetings or activities, subscribers increase sharply in a cell.
Step 1 Check whether VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Congo or VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Cong in the UMTS
target cell and the TCH congestion in the target GSM cell increase obviously.
 If yes, check whether the traffic increases.
− If the traffic increases, modify the network to relieve the congestion.
− If the traffic does not increase, go to Step 2.
----End

161
Fault Description
The inter-RAT handover success ratio is quite low in a NodeB and much lower at busy hours.
Possible Causes
According to the analysis of the fault symptom, the possible causes are as follows:
 The target cell coverage becomes smaller and the coverage hole appears.
 The NodeB hardware is faulty.
 The TOP UE behavior causes the handover failure.
 UEs cannot access neighboring GSM cells because resources are unavailable in the
target cell.
Fault Handling
The channel status of the target neighboring GSM cell is checked It is found that all TCHs are
occupied in the cell. When a TCH is available in the cell, the UE can be handed over.

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 12 Troubleshooting Paging Faults
162
12 Troubleshooting Paging Faults
This chapter describes how to troubleshoot paging faults in terms of the definition and
analysis of paging faults.
12.2 Definition of Paging Faults
The Iu paging success rate is low and the RRC setting success rate is normal. Answering calls
is abnormal and making calls is normal.
12.3.1 Paging Scenario
NOTE
This section describes how to troubleshoot paging faults of the PAGING TYPE1 in IDLE mode.
If the network needs to contact UEs in IDLE, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH, CELL_FACH, and
CELL_DCH mode, paging needs to be initiated.
Paging messages are classified into two types: PAGING TYPE1 and PAGING TYPE2. The
UTRAN determines the type of the paging message sent to the UE. The PAGING TYPE1
pages the UEs in IDLE, CELL_PCH, and URA_PCH mode through the PCCH logical
channel. PAGING TYPE2 pages the UEs in CELL_FACH and CELL_DCH mode through the
DCCH.
The network initiates paging in one of the following scenarios:
 The network receives UE paging requests.
 The UE needs to be notified of information updates in the cell system.
 The UE needs to be notified of PRC status changes.
12.3.2 Paging Procedure and Performance Counters
Figure 12-1 shows the called UE paging procedure in idle mode.

163
Figure 12-1 Called UE paging procedure in idle mode
 In RRC CONNECTION REQUEST, establishmentCause is terminatingConversationalCall.
 In INITIAL UE MESSAGE, rr-msg-type is paging response.
Table 12-1 lists performance counters.
Table 12-1 Performance counters
Description of Measured Points Performance Counters
Point A: The CN counts the number of
times of sending PAGING.
See the number of paging attempts on
the CN.
Point B: number of times of receiving
PAGING on the RNC
VS.RANAP.Paging.Att.IdleUE
Point C: number of times of delivering
PAGING on the RNC
none
Between point B and point C: number
of times of RNC losing PAGING
Number of times of loss at the RNC
level
VS.RANAP.CsPaging.Loss +
VS.RANAP.PsPaging.Loss
Number of times of loss at the
subsystem level
(Applicable to the BSC6900)
VS.Paging.FC.Disc.Num.CPUS
VS.Paging.FC.Disc.Num.UCP
Number of times of loss at the cell level
VS.RRC.Paging1.Loss.PCHCong.Cell

164
Point D: number of times of RNC
receiving PAGING answered by the
UE
VS.RANAP.Paging.Succ.IdleUE
Point E: number of times of CN
receiving PAGING of callee setting
success
For details, see number of success times
of paging on the CN.
12.3.3 Difference Between Paging Success Rates on the RNC and
on the CN
Iu paging success rate on the RNC in idle mode =
VS.RANAP.Paging.Succ.IdleUE/VS.RANAP.Paging.Att.IdleUE
The paging success rate on the CN is the paging success rates of the CS and PS domains.
Paging success rate of the CS domain = Number of paging attempts on the MSC/Number of
paging success times on the MSC
Paging success rate of the PS domain = Number of paging attempts on the SGSN/Number of
paging success times on the SGSN
The paging success rate on the CN stands for the rate of setting normal called-related services.
The paging success rate on the RAN is just for reference. Table 12-2 describes comparison
analysis on the paging success rates on the RNC and CN.
Table 12-2 Comparison analysis on the paging success rates on the RNC and CN
Performance
Specifications
Statistics Method
on the RNC
Statistics Method on the
CN
Result
Number of
paging requests
Including paging
messages sent again
The same paging message can
be regarded as one request in
calculation.
RNC ≥ CN
Including the
number of paging
times of the CS
domain and PS
domain
The MSC and SGSN count the
number of paging times of the
CS and PS domains.
RNC ≥ CN
When the CN
performs paging on
the entire network,
the RNC that the
UE does not belong
to counts the
number of paging
attempts.
When the CN performs paging
on the entire network and the
RNC is not the RNC that the
UE belongs to, the CN does
not count the number of paging
attempts.
RNC ≥ CN

165
Number of
successful
paging times
When the RRC
CONNECTION
REQUEST message
is received, paging
succeeds.
When the initial direct
transmission message about
the paging response type is
received, paging succeeds.
RNC ≥ CN
When the CN
performs paging on
the entire network,
the RNC that the
UE does not belong
to does not count
the number of
paging attempts.
When the CN performs paging
on the entire network and the
RNC is not the RNC that the
UE belongs to, the CN does
not count the number of paging
attempts.
RNC = CN
12.3.4 Related Paging Handling
1. When the subsystemusage of the RNC UCP subsystem exceeds the set paging flow control
threshold, the RNC enables the flow control to paging services and protects system stability.
The settings of the paging flow control threshold are as follows: SET FCCPUTHD:
BRDCLASS =XX, SMPAGECTHD = 70, SMPAGERTHD = 60, SLPAGECTHD = 80,
SLPAGERTHD = 70, CPAGECTHD = 90, CPAGERTHD = 80.
2. The air interface PCH capacity is limited. Paging messages will be lost if the number of
UEs being paged at the same time exceeds the system handling capacity. Currently, the PCH
transmission block supported by the MACC is 240 bit and the coded paging message
supported by each frame does not exceed 240 bit. Based on the information element structure
of paging type1 and ASN.1 PER coding rules, if the UE labels of paging messages are IMSI, a
maximum of three UEs are supported at each paging and if the UE labels are TMSI or PTMSI,
a maximum of five UEs are supported.
3. The RTWP is too high. The UE may have received the paging message but the NodeB
cannot parse the RRC CONNECTION REQ message. This results in paging failure.
12.4 Possible Causes
When troubleshooting paging faults, locate faults based on the Table 1-3 and analyze possible
causes.
Table 12-3 describes possible causes of paging faults.
Table 12-3 Possible causes of paging faults
Possible Cause Phase Symptom
Group short messages are sent
and the paging is performed on
the entire network. These are
caused by improper paging
policies.
Exceptions occur
when KPIs are
monitored.
The paging success rate on the
CN is normal but the paging
success rate on the RNC is low.

166
Possible Cause Phase Symptom
The high RNC CPU usage
performs flow control on paging
messages.
Paging messages are
not delivered at the
air interface.
VS.Paging.FC.Disc.Num.CPUS
increases abnormally.
VS.Paging.FC.Disc.Num.UCP
increases abnormally.
Blocked paging channels cause
a large number of paging
messages to be lost.
VS.RRC.Paging1.Loss.PCHCon
g.Cell increases abnormally.
Other causes:
High RTWP in cells results in
failure to parse RRC
CONNECTION REQ.
The overlow paging channel
ratio of cells causes paging
messages not to be received by
the UE and results in blind
coverage areas, mobile phone
performance problems.
After paging
messages are
delivered at the air
interface.
The UE does not receive paging
messages or receives wrong
paging messages.
12.5 Troubleshooting Paging Faults
The paging success rate decreases.
12.5.2 Fault Handling Flowchart
Figure 12-2 shows the fault handling flowchart for paging faults.

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Figure 12-2 Fault handling flowchart for paging faults
Step 1 Determine whether the CN paging success rate is normal.
If yes, the paging success rate of end-to-end paging services is normal. The CN needs to
analyze whether improper configurations exist.
Step 2 Determine whether the RNC paging success rate is normal.
If yes, RRC setting failure results in terminal paging failure. For details, see chapter 8
"Troubleshooting RRC Connection Setup Failures".
If no, the CN and RNC paging success rates are low. Go to Step 3.
Step 3 Determine whether paging messages without responses exist under the RNC.
Check whether the VS.RANAP.CsPaging.Loss /VS.RANAP.PsPaging.Loss increases sharply.

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Step 4 (Optional: executed only for the BSC6900) Determine whether the subsystem loses paging
messages.
Check whether the VS.Paging.FC.Disc.Num.CPUS increases sharply.
If yes, the corresponding heavily-loaded CPUS subsystem results in paging loss. Determine
whether the fault is rectified after performing the following operations in Table 12-4. If yes,
no further action is required. If no, go to Step 6.
Table 12-4 Related operations
MML Command Parameter Operation
LST/SET
URRCTRLSWITCH
URRCTRLSWITCH
RNC_SHARE_SWITCH of
PROCESSSWITCH
If the switch is
turned off, turn
on the switch.
LST/SET FCCPUTHD CPU usage flow control
threshold of the XPU board
Determine
whether the
threshold needs
to be adjusted.
Step 5 (Optional: executed only for the BSC6910) Determine whether the subsystem loses paging
messages.
Check whether the VS.Paging.FC.Disc.Num.UCP increases sharply.
If yes, the corresponding heavily-loaded CPUS subsystem results in paging loss. Determine
whether the fault is rectified after performing the following operations in Table 12-5. If yes,
no further action is required. If no, go to Step 6.
Table 12-5 Related operations
LST/SET
URRCTRLSWITCH
URRCTRLSWITCH
RNC_SHARE_SWITCH of
PROCESSSWITCH
If the switch is
turned off, turn
on the switch.
LST/SET FCCPUTHD CPU usage flow control
threshold of UCP subsystem
on the GPU board
Determine
whether the
threshold needs
to be adjusted.
Step 6 Determine whether the cell loses paging messages.
Check whether the VS.RRC.Paging1.Loss.PCHCong.Cell increases sharply.

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If yes, the PCH channel is congested. Determine whether the fault is rectified after performing
the following operations. If yes, no further action is required. If no, go to Step 7.
 Change the number of times for resending the CN paging message on the CN
 Split the LAC on the RNC to reduce paging areas.
 Change the number of times for resending the UTRAN paging message on the RNC
 Add the DRX paging period on the RNC whose negative impact is that the paging cycle
becomes long.
Step 7 Collect the following information, and then contact Huawei technical support.
 Paging policy on the CN
 CN traffic staistic files
 RNC traffic statistic files
 RNC scripts
----End
12.5.4 Typical Cases 1
Incorrect CN configurations result in normal paging success rates counted by the CN and
abnormal paging success rates counted by the RNC.
Fault Description
The RNC paging success rate on site I is 50%.
Fault Handling
1. The CN paging success rate is about 9X% (within the normal range).This indicates that the
terminal paging is normal and improper configurations exist.
2. Analyze further causes of exceptions.
Trace the standard signaling at the Iu interface and discover that the LAC/RAC in many
paging messages received by the RNC belongs to other RNCs instead of the local RNC.
The CN checks configurations and discovers incorrect LAC configurations on the MSC. The
number of LACs/RACs configured on the MSC/SGSN is greater than the number of LAC
cells on the RNC. This causes the RNC to receive correct paging messages and the number of
attempts of RNC receiving paging messages to be too large.
Fault Rectification
The CN modifies LCA and RAC configurations.
12.5.5 Typical Cases 2
Paging messages are sent suddenly and the PCH is congested. This results in reduced paging
success rates.
Fault Description
Paging success rates decrease in T project on site I.
Fault Handling

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1. The paging success rates counted by the CN and RNC are reduced and tend to be the same.
2. There is paging loss caused by CPU flow control.
3. PCHs are congested in some cells and the VS.RRC.Paging1.Loss.PCHCong.Cell is greater
than 0.
4. Based on the result of checking the number of paging attempts of cells (for 60 or 15
minutes), when the number of paging attempts is small in the morning, paging congestion
increases sharply, as shown in Figure 12-3.
5. The RNC CELLDT signaling tracing is collected in the morning and the number of pagings
per second is greater than 500.This indicates paging bursts occur in the morning and exceeds
air interface capacity of the PCH.
Figure 12-3 Page statistics
Fault Rectification
The LAC is split.
----End

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 13 Troubleshooting O&M Faults
171
13 Troubleshooting O&M Faults
13.1 O&M Faults Definition
The data of the O&M terminal such as the OMU and U2000 is not proper, the performance
counters are abnormal, and alarms fail to be reported.
Note: This chapter only describes configuration data synchronization failure.
13.2 Context
After quick configuration is enabled, configuration objects fail to be synchronized on NEs and
the U2000/CME in real time.
If no files are transmitted between the RNC and U2000 for a consecutive half minute, the
U2000 may interrupt the connection forcibly.
13.3 Troubleshooting Configuration Data Synchronization
Faults
After data is configured on the RNC or the NodeB LMT, data on the U2000/CME fails to be
synchronized with that on NEs.
Quick configuration is enabled on the RNC.
13.3.3 Troubleshooting Steps
Step 1 Check whether quick configuration is enabled.
Run LST QUICKCFG to check whether the Configuration Mode is On.
If yes, the fault is identified. Run SET QUICKCFG to set the MODE to OFF to disable
quick configuration.

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If no, go to step 2.
----End
Fault Description
After cells are configured on the RNC LMT, no configured cells exist on the U2000/CME.
Fault Rectification
Disable quick configuration and synchronize configuration objects on NEs with that on the
U2000/CME
Locating Faults
Step 1 Analyze the operation log and run SET QUICKCFG: MODE=ON.
Step 2 Run SET QUICKCFG: MODE=OFF to disable quick configuration.
----End
13.4 Troubleshooting Counter Abnormalities
There are no performance statistics on the U2000 or the counter value is abnormal.
1. The FTP transmission between the RNC and the U2000 is faulty.
2. The U2000 fails to deliver the measurement task file.
Step 1 (Optional. This step is applicable to the scenarios where no performance statistics exist on the
U2000) Check whether performance statistics file on the RNC exists when faults occur.
For example: check for the A20110815.1530+0200-1600+0200_EMS-NORMAL.mrf file in
the bamcommonMeasResult directory on the RNC.
Step 2 Analyze the ftp_server.log file in the RNC OMU log (bamversion_x(active workspace)log
directory of the OMU), and check whether RNC uploads files to the U2000.
For example: 2011-08-15 16:01:16[0xa08] Message MSG: {data transfer failed, error:The
operation completed successfully.
in connect:711935.} File:ftp_session_worker.cpp,line:211

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If yes, transmission from the RNC to the U2000 is abnormal, and therefore files are
transmitted unstably. Troubleshoot transmission abnormality and check whether the fault is
cleared. If the fault is cleared, no further action is required. If the fault persists, go to step 5.
Step 3 Check whether the U2000 fails to deliver a measurement task.
If yes, retransmit the measurement task and check whether the fault is cleared. If the fault is
cleared, no further action is required. If the fault persists, go to step 5.
Step 4 (Optional. This step is applicable to the scenarios where the counter is 0) Check whether the
actual counter value 0 is normal based on the counter meaning.
If yes, no further action is required. If the fault persists, go to step 3.
For example: the performance counter is not 0 only when iner-RAT neighboring cells
handover under UCELL_GCELL.
----End
Fault Description
No performance statistics from 15:30 to 24:00 on Aug. 15 on a RNC exists on the U2000.
Fault Rectification
Manually copy the performance counter statistics on the OMU to the corresponding directory
on the U2000.
Locating Faults
Step 1 Check for the A20110815.1530+0200-1600+0200_EMS-NORMAL.mrf filein the
bamcommonMeasResult directory on the RNC.
Step 2 Analyze the ftp_server.log file in the RNC OMU log (bamversion_x(active workspace)log
directory of the OMU), and check whether RNC uploads files to the U2000.If yes,
transmission from the RNC to the U2000 is abnormal, and therefore files are transmitted
unstably. Troubleshoot transmission abnormality to clear the fault.
2011-08-15 16:01:16[0xa08] Message MSG:
{downlaod:D:mbscbamcommonems10.149.104.20pmne.3221229568.3221278720.3221
287242A20110815.1530+0200-1600+0200_EMS-NORMAL.mrf.bz2 failed in
connect:711935 error:An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host..}
File:ftp_transfer.cpp,line:245
2011-08-15 16:01:16[0xa08] Message MSG: {data transfer failed, error:The operation
completed successfully.
in connect:711935.} File:ftp_session_worker.cpp,line:211
----End

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 14 Troubleshooting ATM Transmission Faults
174
14 Troubleshooting ATM Transmission
Faults
14.1 Procedure for Troubleshooting ATM Transmission
Faults
14.1.1 Determining ATM Transmission Fault Type
ATM transmission faults consist of application layer abnormalities, poor ATM transmission
QoS and bottom-layer transmission abnormalities. It is recommended that troubleshoot faults
after determining faults type.
ATM Transmission
Fault Type
Troubleshooting
Application layer
abnormalities
Troubleshooting SAAL faults
Troubleshooting AA2 path faults
Poor ATM transmission
QoS
Troubleshooting packet loss in ATM transmission
Troubleshooting delay and jitter in ATM transmission
Troubleshooting packet error in ATM transmission
Troubleshooting transient interruption in ATM transmission
Bottom-layer
transmission
abnormalities
Troubleshooting E1T1 and IMA faults(physical layer)
Troubleshooting PVC faults(ATM layer)
14.1.2 Measures to Troubleshoot ATM Transmission Faults
Common measures to troubleshoot ATM transmission faults include a layer-by-layer check
and a segment-by-segment check. Usually, find out the faults by a segment-by-segment check,
then determine the fault type by a layer-by-layer check, and finally locate the root cause.
Layer-by-Layer Check
Check whether the layer where faults occur is abnormal.

175
 If yes, rectify the fault and then check whether the fault is rectified.
If yes, the fault is rectified.
If no, check whether the next layer is abnormal.
 If no, check whether the next layer is abnormal.
If yes, check the fault layer by layer (from the present layer to bottom layer).
If no, the fault occurs at this layer.
In actual scenarios, locate faults from the upper or bottom layer and then the middle layer. For example,
if you check each node on the network for PVC faults at the ATM layer, locate faults from the bottom
layer or the upper layer and then the PVC layer.
Segment-by-Segment Check
Divide an end-to-end network into segments, and check a fault segment by segment.
14.2 Basic knowledge of ATM Transmission
14.2.1 Characteristics of ATM Transmission Faults
An upper layer of the TCP/IP model works only when its lower layers are available.
Faults occurred on the ATM layer or the physical layer will result in the following problems:
ATM transmission failure, poor ATM transmission QoS and the application layer
abnormalities. Troubleshoot such faults layer by layer.
14.2.2 Introduction to the ATM Layer

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The ATM layer is above the physical layer and it is not related to the type of the physical layer
media, the physical layer implementation, or the transmitted service type. Actually, the ATM
layer communicates with the peer layer through IEs based on the services provided by the
physical layer. The ATM layer implements multiplexing, demultiplexing, header operations,
and flow control.
14.2.3 ATM Cell Architecture
Two ATM cells exist, as listed below:
 UNI headers: used on private networks for communication between ATM terminals and
ATM switching nodes.
 NNI headers: used for communication between ATM switching nodes.
An ATM cell consists of a 48-byte payload and a 5-byte header. The preceding figure shows that no
GFC exists in the NNI cell for GFC is expanded to VPI.
14.2.4 VP/VC Switching
In ATM communications, VP switching and VC switching is achieved as described below:
According to the inputted cell VPI/VCI mark and routing table resulted from connection,
ATM switch exchanges cells to the corresponding output port and changes the VPI/VCI
values of these cells.
Common Cases:

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1. In VP switching, only VPI value is changed.
2. In VC switching, both VPI value and VCI value are changed.
14.2.5 ATM VCL
ATM virtual connection links (VCL) include SAAL LNK, AAL2 path and IPOA PVC.
If A needs to transmit data to B, series of switching tables are created on the ATM node which
cells pass through to ensure that the cells arrive B after being forwarded. After the creation of
the switching tables, the cell path from A to B remains unchanged, at least in one call, this
path is called an ATM virtual connection.
14.3 Troubleshooting SAAL Faults
An SAAL fault occurs when any of the following appears:

178
 The following alarms are reported:
ALM-21531 SAAL Link Failure
ALM-21532 SAAL Link Congestion
 Users feel that the voice quality becomes poorer and the call drop rate becomes higher.
The HSPA rate is relatively low and fluctuates; control plane transmission is abnormal.
1. SAALNK parameters are incorrect.
2. The QoS of ATM transmission is poor.
3. The processing of the SAALNK module on the NE side is abnormal.
14.3.3 Troubleshooting Procedure
Check for SAALNK configuration faults.
Check for bottom-layer configuration faults or transmission faults.
It is recommended that troubleshoot faults by fault type
If... Then...
Packet loss occurs during using VCLCC to check for link faults
Packet loss occurs during using VCLPM to check for abnormal
links
Troubleshoot packet
loss in ATM
transmission
Large delay occurs during using VCLCC to check for link delays Troubleshoot delay
and jitter in ATM
transmission
Error packets occur during performing VCL link performance
query
Error packets occur during using VCLPM to check for abnormal
links
Troubleshoot packet
error in ATM
transmission
Transient transmission interruption occurs during performing
VCL link performance query
Transient transmission interruption occurs during using VCLCC
to check for link faults
Transient transmission interruption occurs during using LOP VCL
to check for link faults or link delays
Troubleshoot transient
interruption in ATM
transmission
Other abnormalities Go to step 2
Step 1 Check whether upper-layer application links are configured at both ends.

179
If... Then...
Iub interface Run LST UIUBCP on the RNC to check whether the SAAL link
number is in use.
Run LST IUBCP on the NodeB to check whether the SAAL link
number is in use.
Iu-CS/Iu-PS
interface
Run LST MTP3LNK on the RNC to check whether the SAAL link
number is in use.
If no, configure the upper-layer application links. If the fault is cleared, no further action is
required. If no, go to step 2.
Step 2 Check whether the configurations at both ends are consistent.
Run LST SAALLNK on the RNC, and record the link transmission indexes (TXTRFX and
RXTRFX).
Run LST ATMTRF on the RNC to check the values of ST, PCR and CDVT when
transmission indexes are TXTRFX and RXTRFX.
Check the configurations.
ST: Is the ST consistent at both ends?
PCR: Is the PCR higher than the transmission network at both ends?
CDVT: Is the CDVT greater than the transmission network at both ends?
If no, modify the parameter setting to meet the preceding conditions. If the fault is cleared, no
further action is required. If the fault persists, go to step 4.
Step 3 Check whether faults occur on a bottom layer.
For details, see "Troubleshooting PVC Faults (ATM layer)."
If the fault is rectified, no further action is required.
If the fault persists, go to step 4.
Step 4 Collect common fault information and the data collected in the previous steps, and contact
----End
14.4 Troubleshooting AAL2 Path Faults
An AAL2 path fault occurs when any of the following appears:
The following alarms are displayed:

180
ALM-21581 Path Failure
ALM-21582 Path Congestion.
Users feel that the voice quality becomes poorer and the call drop rate becomes higher. The
HSPA rate is relatively low and fluctuates; control plane transmission is abnormal.
1. Physical port fault
2. Incorrect configuration
Check the status of physical ports which bears the AAL2 path.
Check E1 link status
Check QoS of ATM transmission
Step 1 It is recommended that troubleshoot faults by fault type.
If... Then...
Packet loss occurs during using VCLCC to check for link faults
Packet loss occurs during using VCLPM to check for abnormal links
Troubleshoot
packet loss in
ATM transmission
Large delay occurs during using VCLCC to check for link delays
Large delay occurs during performing node synchronization detection
to check for transmission delay and jitter on the user plane
Troubleshoot
delay and jitter in
ATM transmission
Error packets occur during performing VCL link performance query
Error packets occur during using VCLPM to check for abnormal
links
Troubleshoot
packet error in
ATM transmission
Transient transmission interruption occurs during performing VCL
link performance query
Transient transmission interruption occurs during using VCLCC to
check for link faults
Transient transmission interruption occurs during using LOP VCL to
check for link faults or link delays
Troubleshoot
transient
interruption in
ATM transmission
Transient transmission interruption occurs during performing VCL
link performance query
Link failure occurs during using VCLCC to check for link faults
Link failure occurs during using LOP VCL to check for link faults
and link delays
Troubleshoot PVC
faults(ATM layer)

181
----End
14.5 Troubleshooting Packet Loss in ATM Transmission
Packet loss in ATM transmission occurs when any of the following appears:
1. Packet loss occurs during using VCLCC to check for link faults.
2. Packet loss occurs during using VCLPM to check for abnormal links.
Users feel that the voice quality is poor, and call drops even occur. The HSPA rate is affected. The O&M
channels transmit commands slowly and the results of the ping test conducted on O&M channels show
that some packets are lost.
1. The transmission media on the physical layer are abnormal. For example, the E1/T1
cable or fiber is faulty or improperly connected; line interference occurs; link bit errors
occur.
2. Interconnecting parameters are inconsistent, which are described as follows:
− The service types or bandwidths configured on the PVC layer are inconsistent. The
interconnecting parameters configured over IMA layer are inconsistent.
− Configurations, such as the E1/T1 encoding mode, scrambling mode, frame format,
impedance, and timeslot are incorrect.
− The interconnecting parameters of optical interfaces are inconsistent.
3. The QoS policy configured on the transmission network is incorrect, or the transmission
network is congested, or packet loss occurs.
4. A device is faulty
1. Identify the fault symptom.
2. Isolate abnormal NE devices.
3. Analyze a faulty NE based on the protocol stack.
4. Investigate the cause for packet loss.
Step 1 Analyze abnormal sites distribution rules.
Analyze the alarm objects or detected link No. to obtain the list of abnormal sites.
Analyze how abnormal sites are distributed according to configurations to collect data about
whether faulty sites mainly occur on the specific ports, interface boards, and subsystems of
the CPUS.

182
If yes, collect the data collected in the previous steps and contact Huawei for technical
support.
Step 2 Optional. Take this step in the bit errors scenario. Perform a loopback segment by segment
and conduct an E1/T1 port bit error test to check whether bit errors exist.
Networking sample: RNC---A---B---C---D---NodeB
Perform a loopback from transmission device A to the NodeB and view the bit error test result.
If no bit errors are detected, terminate the loopback.
Continue to perform a loopback from transmission device B, C, D to the NodeB until you
detect the segment where bit errors occur.
If the faulty segment is detected, troubleshoot transmission bit errors.
If the faulty segment is not detected, go to step 3.
Identify the fault segment by segment transversely and locate the segment where faults occur.
Vertically compare the E1T1 configuration of normal sites and abnormal sites to check
whether the configuration is incorrect.
Step 3 Check the parameter settings on the PVC layer at both ends.
ST: Is the service type consistent?
PCR: Is the PCR consistent?
SCR: Is the SCR consistent?
RCR: Is the RCR consistent?
MCR: Is the MCR consistent?
CDVT: Is the CDVT interconnected with NEs smaller than the transmission layer?
Note:
Vertically compare the PVC configuration of normal sites and abnormal sites to check
Step 4 Analyze how faulty links are distributed on the transmission network.
Analyze how faulty links are distributed according to transmission network adjustment to
collect data about whether faulty links mainly occur on the specific transmission nodes.
If yes, troubleshoot transmission network abnormality.
Step 5 Check whether the transmission network is abnormal.
Check whether traffic shaping is performed on the transmission network and whether the
transmission network is congested. If a transmission device is configured with a QoS policy,
check whether the QoS policy is proper.

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----End
14.6 Troubleshooting Delay and Jitter in ATM
Transmission
Delay and jitter in ATM transmission occurs if any of the following appears:
1. Large delay occurs during using VCLCC to check for link faults.
2. Large delay occurs during performing the IP over ATM OMCH continuity check.
3. Large delay occurs during performing node synchronization detection to check for
transmission delay and jitter on the user plane.
1. The transmission network is congested.
2. The QoS policy is improper.
3. A device is faulty.
2. Isolate faulty NEs and the protocol layer.
− Analyze NE distribution rules.
− Locate the faulty layer based on the protocol stack.
3. Investigate the root cause.
4. Make analysis policies based on the actual situation.
the CPUS.

184
Note:
Vertically compare the PVC configuration of normal sites and abnormal sites to check
Step 4 Check whether the transmission network is abnormal,
and whether the transmission network is congested.
----End
14.7 Troubleshooting Packet Error in ATM Transmission
Error packets in ATM transmission occur when any of the following appears:
1. Error packets occur during performing VCL link performance query.
2. Error packets occur during using VCLPM to check for abnormal links.
1. The transmission line quality is poor, and transmission is affected by interference.
2. If E1/T1 transmission is used, inconsistent configurations cause error bits.
3. A transmission device is faulty.

185
3. Investigate the cause.
the CPUS.
If yes, collect the preceding results and contact Huawei for technical support.
Vertically compare the E1/T1 configuration of normal sites and abnormal sites to check whether the
configuration is incorrect.
----End

186
14.8 Troubleshooting Transient Interruption in ATM
Transmission
Transient interruption in ATM transmission occurs if any of the following appears:
1. Transient transmission interruption occurs during performing VCL link performance
query.
2. Transient transmission interruption occurs during using VCLCC to check for link faults.
3. Transient transmission interruption occurs during using LOP VCL to check for link
faults or link delays
1. The transmission media on the physical layer are abnormal. For example, the E1/T1
cable or fiber is faulty or improperly connected; line interference occurs; link bit errors
occur.
2. Interconnecting parameters are inconsistent, which are described as follows:
− The service types or bandwidths configured on the PVC layer are inconsistent.
− The interconnecting parameters configured over IMA layer are inconsistent.
− Configurations, such as the E1/T1 encoding mode, scrambling mode, frame format,
− The interconnecting parameters of optical interfaces are inconsistent.
3. The QoS policy configured on the transmission network is incorrect, or the transmission
network is congested, or packet loss occurs.
3. Investigate the cause.
Step 1 Further analyze one faulty NE or several faulty NEs if no obvious rules can be found after the
preceding detection. You can analyze abnormal sites distribution rules layer by layer based on
the protocol stack.
the CPUS.
If yes, collect the preceding results and contact Huawei for technical support.

187
Step 2 Check whether E1/T1 configuration is consistent with the peer end configuration.
1. Run DSP E1T1 on the RNC to check whether the parameter is set to the same value as
that of the peer end. for example:
DIP balance mode
Scrambling mode attribute
Frame format (sending and expected receiving frame format)
Encoding (transmitting line code mode, receiving line code mode)
Impedance
2. Run DSP E1T1 on the NodeB to check whether the parameter is set to the same value as
Work mode
Frame format
Line code
Vertically compare the E1/T1 configuration of normal sites and abnormal sites to check whether the
Vertically compare the PVC configuration of normal sites and abnormal sites to check whether the

188
Step 6 Check whether the transmission network is abnormal,
for example, check whether traffic shaping is performed on the transmission network and
whether the transmission network is congested. If a transmission device is configured with a
QoS policy, check whether the QoS policy is proper.
----End
14.9 Troubleshooting PVC Faults (ATM layer)
PVC disconnection occurs in ATM transmission if any of the following appears:
1. Transient transmission interruption occurs during performing VCL link performance
query.
2. Link failure occurs during using VCLCC to check for link faults.
3. Link failure occurs during using LOP VCL to check for link faults and link delays.
1. The E1/T1 cable or optical fiber is faulty.
2. The configurations on the PVC layer are incorrect
Check the configurations of each node on the PVC layer. Generally check whether faults
occur on the physical layer and then check whether faults occur on the PVC layer.
In actual scenarios, you can check whether PVC faults occur, and then check whether faults occur on the
physical layer.
Step 1 For details, see "Troubleshooting IMA Faults (physical layer)."
If the fault is rectified, no further action is required. If the fault persists, go to step 2.
Step 2 For details, see "Troubleshooting E1/T1 Faults (physical layer)."

189
Step 3 Check whether the VPI/VCI configurations of each node on the PVC layer at both ends are
correctly set.
Check the value of each node and whether each node is correctly configured. The query
methods vary with link types, which are described as follows:
1. Run LST AAL2PATH on the RNC or the NodeB to query the carried VPI and VCI.
2. Run LST SAALLNK on the RNC or the NodeB to query the carried VPI and VCI.
3. Run LST IPOAPVC on the RNC to query the carried VPI and VCI.
If no, modify the information. After that, if the fault is rectified, no further action is required.
If the fault still remains, go to step 4.
----End
14.10 Troubleshooting E1T1 Faults (physical layer)
Alarms are generated on RNC/NodeB as follows:
1. E1/T1 Excessive Bit Error
2. E1 Excessive Bit Error
3. E1/T1 Signal Loss
4. E1/T1 Alarm Indication Signal
1. The E1/T1 cable or fiber is faulty or improperly connected; line interference occurs.
2. Configurations such as the E1/T1 encoding mode, scrambling mode, frame format,
1. Check whether E1/T1 parameters are configured properly.
2. Check the physical cable connection.
3. Perform a loopback detection.
Step 1 Check whether E1/T1 status is normal.
Run DSP E1T1 on the RNC to check whether the port status is Normal.

190
Run DSP E1T1 on the RNC to check whether the link status is Available.
Step 2 Check whether E1/T1 configuration is consistent with the peer end configuration.
1. Run DSP E1T1 on the RNC to check whether the parameter is set to the same value as
that of the peer end, for example:
DIP balance mode
Scrambling mode attribute
Frame format (sending and expected receiving frame format)
Encoding (transmitting line code mode, receiving line code mode)
Impedance
2. Run DSP E1T1 on the NodeB to check whether the parameter is set to the same value as
Work mode
Frame format
Line code
Step 3 Checking whether the connections between the RNC and the NodeB are correct.
Step 4 Perform a loopback segment by segment to detect the segment where faults occur.
Perform a loopback from transmission device A to the NodeB and view whether ALM-25807
E1/T1 loopback alarm is generated on the NodeB (cause value: physical loopback). If no
alarms, terminate the loopback.
detect the segment that causes the fault.
If the faulty segment is detected, troubleshoot transmission faults.
Perform a loopback from transmission device A to the NodeB and view the loopback result. If
no bit errors are detected, terminate the loopback.
----End

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14.11 Troubleshooting IMA Faults (physical layer)
If no abnormality occurs on the E1 layer, the following alarms may be generated:
21221 ALM-21221 IMA Link Out of Frame
21222 ALM-21222 IMA Link Out of Delay
21227 ALM-21227 IMA/UNI link Loss of Cell Delimitation
21229 ALM-21229 IMA Group Configuration Failure
The IMA interconnecting parameters are improper.
Transmission faults occur.
The two ends means ends where IMA protocol is interconnected. If both RNC and NodeB complies with
the IMA protocol, the two ends are the RNC and NodeB. If the RNC does not comply with the IMA
protocol while the NodeB complies with the IMA protocol, the two ends are the NodeB and transmission
devices connected to the NodeB.
Step 1 Check whether timeslot 16 is used at both ends.
Run LST IMAGRP on the NodeB to check whether Timeslot 16 Support is ENABLE and
Scramble Mode is ENABLE.
Run LST E1T1 on the RNC to check whether Timeslot 16 Support Switch is ON and
Scramble Switch is ON.
Step 2 Check whether IMA parameters at both ends are configured consistently and check for IMA
group configuration failure.
Run LST IMAGRP on the NodeB or RNC to check whether the following parameter
settings.
1. IMA protocol version: The IMA protocol versions configured at both ends must be the
same.
2. IMA symmetric mode: The fixed configuration on the RNC and NodeB is symmetric
mode.
3. The IMA TX frame length does not need to be configured to the same value at both ends.
However, confirm that the peer device supports the frame length because the device of
some version may not support the frame lengths other than 128.
4. The sending clock mode does not need to be configured to the same value at both ends.
However, confirm whether the peer device supports the mode because many devices do
not support the ITC mode. The default sending clock mode of Huawei RNC is CTC, and
the default sending clock mode of Huawei NodeB is CTC or ITC.

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Perform a loopback from transmission device A to the NodeB and view the loopback result. If
no bit errors are detected, terminate the loopback.
----End

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 15 Troubleshooting IP Transmission Faults
193
15 Troubleshooting IP Transmission
Faults
15.1 Procedure for Troubleshooting IP Transmission
Faults
15.1.1 Determining IP Transmission Fault Type
IP transmission faults consist of the application layer abnormalities, poor IP transmission QoS
and IP transmission failure. It is recommended that troubleshoot faults after determining faults
type.
IP Transmission Fault Type Troubleshooting
Application layer abnormalities Troubleshooting SCTP faults
Troubleshooting IP Path faults
Troubleshooting IP Pool faults
Poor IP transmission QoS Troubleshooting packet loss in IP transmission
Troubleshooting delay and jitter in IP transmission
Troubleshooting packet errors in IP transmission
Troubleshooting transient interruption in IP
transmission
IP transmission failure Troubleshooting IP over FE/GE interface
disconnection
Troubleshooting MP/PPP link failure in IP over E1
mode
15.1.2 Measures to Troubleshoot IP Transmission Faults
Common measures to troubleshoot IP transmission faults include a layer-by-layer check and a
segment-by-segment check. Usually, find out the faults by a segment-by-segment check, then
determine the fault type by a layer-by-layer check, and finally locate the root cause.

194
Layer-by-Layer Check
As shown in the following figure, check a fault layer by layer (from the present layer where
faults occur to the bottom layer), isolate the fault and finally locate the fault and the layer
where the fault occurs.
Check alarms
End
Whether the fault is
rectified
Whether the next
layer is normal
No
Yes
Yes
No
The fault occurs at
this layer
Contact Huawei Customer Service
Center
Whether the next
layer is normal
Yes The fault occurs at
this layer
No
Troubleshoot abnormalities of the
faulty layer
Segment-by-Segment Check
Divide an end-to-end network into segments, and check a fault segment by segment.
15.2 Basic Knowledge of IP Transmission
Characteristics of IP Transmission Faults
An upper layer of the TCP/IP model works only when its lower layers are available.
Faults occurred on the IP layer or the link layer or the physical layer will result in the
following problems: IP transmission failure, poor IP transmission QoS and the application
layer abnormalities. Troubleshoot such faults layer by layer.

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FE/GE Port Negotiation Parameters
Port negotiation parameters mainly include the port speed and duplex mode. The two ends
must negotiate these parameters and keep them the same.
Take the speed as an example. If the rate at one end is 100 Mbit/s, the rate at the other end
must also be 100 Mbit/s. If the rate at one end is set to AUTO, the speed at the other end must
also be set to AUTO. The duplex mode at both ends must also be the same. Table 14-1 shows
the recommended configurations.
Table 15-1 Recommended configurations for negotiation parameters
Port Rate Duplex Mode
Recommended
configuration 1
100 M (1000M for GE) FULL
Recommended
configuration 2
100 M (1000M for GE) AUTO
Recommended
configuration 3
AUTO AUTO
Overall Process of Sending ARP Request Packets
The BSC and NodeB process data packets in the same way. That is, they query the
corresponding next-hop MAC address based on the IP route entries. Packets (ICMP packets,
SCTP packets or UDP packets and so on) can be sent only when ARP entries exist.
The local end sends an ARP request broadcast packet to the peer end. If the transmission is
available, the peer end sends an ARP reply back with the next-hop MAC address.
Figure 15-1 shows the process of sending an ARP request.
Figure 15-1 Flowchart for sending an ARP request
ARP packets are broadcast packets transmitted between two layer 2 communication nodes.
If layer 2 networking is applied to the BSC and NodeB, the ARP request is sent or the NodeB or BSC. If
layer 3 networking is applied, the ARP request is sent to its own gateway.

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Introduction to the PPP/MP Technology
1. Introduction to PPP
The Point-To-Point Protocol (PPP) is applied on layer 2 (link layer) of the TCP/IP protocol
stack. This protocol supports point-to-point data transmission over full-duplex synchronous
and asynchronous links.
PPP is applied to the Iub interface in IP over E1 mode.
2. Introduction to ML-PPP
MultiLink PPP (ML-PPP) is also abbreviated as MP. It bundles multiple MP links as one
logical path MPGRP, which is a link for the network layer to increase the bandwidth.
MP is applied to the Iub interface in IP over E1 mode.
Introduction to SCTP
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCDP) is a reliable transmission protocol
operating on top of a connectionless network (such as IP network).SCTP is applied to the
IP-based Iub interface, Iu-CS interface and Iu-PS interface.
Process of Establishing an SCTP Link
Common types of SCTP messages are as follows:
Type of SCTP Messages Purpose of Messages
INIT, INITACK, COOKIEECHO,
COOKIEECHOACK
Four-way handshake link setup process
(initiated by the client)
HEARTBEAT, HEARTBEATACK Heartbeat messages (initiated by the client or
the server)
DATA, SACK Data interaction (initiated by the client or the
server)
ABORT, SHUTDOWN, ERROR Initiated when the client or server is abnormal
As shown in Figure 15-2, the first four messages are about a four-way handshake link setup
process, the last four messages are heartbeat messages and the data interaction is in the
middle.

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Figure 15-2 Information interaction during the process of establishing an SCTP link
Introduction to IP Path
An IP path is a logical link with virtual bandwidth and is carried by the physical links on an IP
transmission network.
An IP path only carries the user plane data, not the signaling plane data or the O&M plane
data.
An IP path is defined by the source and destination IP addresses and the path type
(corresponding to PHB type).
Admission control is performed during service establishment according to the service type
and the bandwidth of the corresponding IP path.
15.3 Troubleshooting SCTP Faults
An SCTP fault occurs when any of the following appears:
An SCTP fault occurs when you run DSP SCTPLNK on the RNC, but in the command
output, the Operation Status is Unavailable or Congested, or the following alarms are
displayed.
Alarm ID Alarm Name
21541 ALM-21541 SCTP Link Failure
21542 ALM-21542 SCTP Link Congestion
22915 EVT-22915 SCTP Link Path Switchover
HSPA rate is relatively low and fluctuates; control plane transmission is abnormal.

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1. The transmission is faulty. The configurations at the two ends are improper.
2. The NE is faulty.
Check whether a transmission fault occurs under the IP layer. If yes, troubleshoot the fault,
and then check whether the configurations at both ends are proper.
If... Then...
Packet loss occurs in the control plane Troubleshoot packet loss in IP
transmission
Delay and jitter occur in the control plane Troubleshoot delay and jitter in IP
transmission
Error packets occur in the control plane Troubleshoot error packets in IP
transmission
Transient interruption occurs in the control plane Troubleshoot transient interruption in
IP transmission
Link failure or other abnormalities occur in the
control plane
Go to step 2
Step 2 Perform the ping operation to check the IP-layer connectivity and end-to end connectivity.
If the ping operation fails, troubleshoot link faults.
If... Then...
IP over FE/GE Troubleshoot IP over FE/GE interface disconnection
IP over E1 Troubleshoot MP/PPP link failure in IP over E1 mode
If the ping operation succeeds, go to step 3.
Step 3 Optional. If SCTP link abnormal disconnection occurs, re-establish the link and check
whether the fault is rectified.
If... Then...
Iub interface Configure the Control Plane over the Iub Interface (over IP) by
referring to the UMTS Initial Configuration Guide, and delete an
SCTP link and re-configure an SCTP link.

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Iu-CS/Iu-PS
interface
Configure the Control Plane over the Iu-CS Interface (over IP) by
Configure the Control Plane over the Iu-PS Interface (over IP) by
Step 4 Check whether the VLAN configuration on the RNC is correct.
Run LST VLANID and LST SCTPLNK on the RNC to check whether the VLAN ID is
configured as the transport network requires.
If no, modify the VLAN configuration. After that, if the fault is rectified, no further action is
required. If the fault persists, go to step 5.
Step 5 Check whether the MTU value at both ends is less than that of the transport network.
1. Run LST SCTPLNK on the RNC to check whether the MTU value is less than that of
the transport network.
2. Run LST ETHPORT on the NodeB to check whether the maximum transfer unit is less
than that of the transmission network.
If no, modify MTU setting. If the fault is rectified, no further action is required. If the fault
persists, go to step 6.
Step 6 Check whether upper-layer application links are configured at both ends.
If... Then...
Iub interface Run LST UIUBCP on the RNC to check whether the SCTP link
number is in use.
Run LST IUBCP on the NodeB to check whether the SCTP link
number is in use.
Iu-CS/Iu-PS
interface
Run LST M3LNK on the RNC to check whether the SCTP link
number is in use.
If no, configure the upper-layer application links. If the fault is rectified, no further action is
required. If the fault persists, go to step 7.
Step 7 Use SCTP tracing to determine the faulty NEs.
Perform an Iub/Iu-CS/Iu-PS interface SCTP tracing on the RNC LMT.

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According to the process of establishing an SCTP link, locate the faulty NEs. For example,
the RNC sends INIT ACK and fails to receive the packets COOKIEECHO returned by the
MSC.
If yes, check the faulty NEs. If the fault is rectified, no further action is required. If the fault
----End
Fault Description
An operator performs an IP reconstruction for the Iu interface. After the data of a signaling
point is configured, the link is disconnected and its status is abnormal.
Locating Faults
Step 1 After confirmation, the RNC board is configured completely and no board hardware fault
alarms are generated.
Step 2 Contact maintenance personnel for the core network to query the interconnecting data, and it
is found that the local port number of the SCTP link configured on the core network is
incorrect.
Step 3 The SCTP link is in normal status after the configuration of the core network is modified.
Fault Rectification
Data is configured incorrectly, and modify configurations of the core network.
15.4 Troubleshooting IP Path Faults
An IP path fault occurs if any of the following appears:
An IP path fault occurs when you run DSP IPPATH on the RNC, but in the command output,
Operation Status is Unavailable, or the following alarms are displayed.
Alarm ID Alarm Name
21581 ALM-21581 Path Failure
21582 ALM-21582 Path Congestion.
21352 ALM-21352 IPPATH Excessive Packet Loss Rate

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HSPA rate is relatively low and fluctuates; transmission between location and the user plane is
abnormal.
1. The transmission is faulty.
2. The configurations at the two ends are improper.
Check whether the IP path configuration is correct.
Then check whether any transmission faults under the IP layer occur. If yes, troubleshoot such
faults.
If no, check whether the configurations at the two ends are proper.
If... Then...
Packet loss occurs in the user plane Troubleshoot packet loss in IP transmission
Delay and jitter occurs in the user plane Troubleshoot delay and jitter in IP
transmission
Packet loss occurs in the user plane Troubleshoot packet error in IP transmission
Transient interruption occurs in the user
plane
Troubleshoot transient interruption in IP
transmission
Step 2 Check whether the IP path configuration is proper.
Run LST IPPATH on the RNC to check whether the IP address of the local end and the IP
address of the peer end are properly set.
If no, correct the configuration.
Step 3 Optional. Check whether the IP route is correctly set in layer 3 networking.
Run LST IPRT on the NodeB or RNC to check whether the route is configured.
If no, add IP routes. If the fault is rectified, no further action is required. If the fault persists,
go to step 3.
Run DSP IPRT on the NodeB or RNC to check whether correct destination IP address, subnet
mask and next hop IP address exist.

202
If no, modify the route configuration. If the fault is rectified, no further action is required. If
the fault persists, go to step 3.
Step 4 Perform the ping operation to check the IP-layer connectivity and end-to end connectivity. If
the ping operation fails, troubleshoot link faults.
If... Then...
Step 5 Optional. Run LST IPPATH on the RNC. If the VLAN ID is a valid value, check whether
VLAN is configured properly on the RNC.
Run LST VLANID and LST IPPATH on the RNC to check whether the VLAN ID is
configured as the transport network requires.
If no, modify VLAN settings. If the fault is rectified, no further action is required. If the fault
----End
Fault Description
An operator performs an IP reconstruction for the Iu interface. After the data is configured,
the signalings are correct but call connection fails, and the RNC returns assignment failures to
the core network.
Locating Faults
Step 1 After confirmation, the BSC boards are configured completely and no board hardware fault
Step 2 Query the status of the IP path and confirm that the IP path is unavailable.
Step 3 Query the data configuration and find out configurations of routes to the peer core network
are lost.
Step 4 Add routes to clear the fault.
----End
Fault Rectification
Data is configured incorrectly. Add routes to troubleshoot faults.

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15.5 Troubleshooting IP Pool Faults
An IP Pool fault occurs if any of the following appears:
An IP Pool fault occurs when you run DSP IPPOOL on the RNC, but in the command output,
Operation Status is Unavailable.
HSPA rate is relatively low and fluctuates; transmission between location and the user plane is
abnormal.
1. The transmission is faulty.
2. The configurations at the two ends are improper.
Check whether the IP Pool configuration is correct.
Then check whether any transmission faults under the IP layer occur. If yes, troubleshoot such
faults.
If no, check whether the configurations at the two ends are proper.
If... Then...
Packet loss occurs in the user plane Troubleshoot packet loss in IP transmission
Delay and jitter occurs in the user plane Troubleshoot delay and jitter in IP
transmission
Packet loss occurs in the user plane Troubleshoot packet error in IP transmission
Transient interruption occurs in the user
plane
Troubleshoot transient interruption in IP
transmission
Step 2 Check whether the IP Pool configuration is proper.
Run LST IPPOOL on the RNC to check whether the IP address of the local end are properly
set.
Step 3 Optional. Check whether the source IP route is correctly set in layer 3 networking.

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Run LST SRCIPRT on the RNC to check whether the route is configured.
If no, add IP routes. If the fault is rectified, no further action is required. If the fault persists,
go to step 3.
Run DSP SRCIPRT on the RNC to check whether correct destination IP address, subnet
the fault persists, go to step 3.
Step 4 Perform the ping operation to check the IP-layer connectivity and end-to end connectivity. If
the ping operation fails, troubleshoot link faults.
If... Then...
----End
Fault Description
An operator performs an IP reconstruction for the Iu interface. After the data is configured,
the signalings are correct but call connection fails, and the RNC returns assignment failures to
the core network.
Locating Faults
Step 1 After confirmation, the BSC boards are configured completely and no board hardware fault
Step 2 Query the status of the IP Pool and confirm that the IP Pool is unavailable.
Step 3 Query the data configuration and find out configurations of source routes are lost.
Step 4 Add source routes to clear the fault.
----End
Fault Rectification
Data is configured incorrectly. Add source routes to troubleshoot faults.

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15.6 Troubleshooting IP over FE/GE Interface
Disconnection
Run DSP ETHPORT on the RNC. In the command output, the Link Availability Status is
Unavailable or the following alarms are generated.
ALM-21345 Ethernet Link Fault
ALM-21347 IP Address Conflict
ALM-21389 MAC over the FE Port Excessive Frame Error Rate
1. IP-layer configurations (such as DSCP, MTU, and routing configurations) are incorrect.
2. Link-layer configurations such as virtual local area network (VLAN) configurations are
incorrect.
3. Physical layer configurations (such as Ethernet port configurations) are incorrect..
4. The transport network is disconnected.
5. The network cables or optical fibers are faulty or connected improperly.
6. A port is faulty or a device is abnormal.
Locate the fault layer by layer. The sequence is IP layer > link layer > physical layer.
15.6.4 Troubleshooting IP Layer Faults
Step 1 Perform the ping operation to check the end-to-end connectivity and gateway connectivity.
If the ping to ends fails, go to Step 2.
If the ping to the gateway fails, see section 15.6.5 "Troubleshooting Data Link Layer Faults."
If the ping operation succeeds, troubleshoot application layer faults (upper-layer faults).
Step 2 Perform the trace operation to detect faulty transmission nodes, and record the IP address of
the last hop. Then, go to Step 3.
Step 3 Check route configurations.
Run DSP IPRT on the NodeB or RNC to check whether correct destination IP address, subnet
If yes, troubleshoot abnormal transmission on the IP devices. If the fault is rectified, no
further action is required. If the fault persists, troubleshoot data link faults.
the fault persists, troubleshoot data link faults.
Note: Run DSP IPRT to query active routes and run LST IPRT to query configured routes.
Step 4 Collect the data collected in the previous steps and contact Huawei for technical support.

206
----End
15.6.5 Troubleshooting Data Link Layer Faults
Step 1 Perform ARP query and check whether the link is bidirectionally connected.
Step 2 Run DSP ARP on the NodeB or RNC to check whether the gateway IP address of the next
hop is gained.
Step 3 Perform ARP query on the router gateway to check whether the IP address of the NEs which
are directly connected are gained in the reverse direction.
If both NEs and routers receive the IP address, the link is bidirectionally connected. If faults
are generated, collect the data collected in the previous steps and contact Huawei for technical
support.
If both NEs and routers fail to receive the IP address, go to Step 2.
Step 4 Check whether the VLAN configurations on the RNC or NodeB are correct.
1. Run LST VLANMAP on the NodeB to check whether the configured VLAN ID and
VLAN priority are consistent with those of transmission devices which are directly
connected. (If the VLAN group ID is a valid value, run VLANCLASS on the LST.)
2. Run LST VLANID on the RNC to check whether the VLAN ID is configured as the
transport network requires.
If yes, troubleshoot physical layer faults.
If no, modify VLAN settings. If the fault is rectified, no further action is required. If the fault
persists, troubleshoot physical layer faults.
----End
15.6.6 Troubleshooting Physical Layer Faults
Step 1 Check whether the board indicator is in normal state.
1. Optional. If FE/GE interface boards are used, check whether the LINK indicator is
normal.
If no, replace the network cables or boards.
2. Optional. If optical interface boards are used, check whether the LINK indicators are
normal. (If the optical interface indicator is on, the link is normal.)
If no, check whether the optical module and the fiber are plugged properly and replace
the transmitter and receiver of the optical fiber and the board.
Step 2 Check whether parameter settings of the Ethernet port are consistent between the transmission
devices that are directly connected.
Run LST ETHPORT on the RNC to check whether the port rate and the auto-negotiation
parameter settings are consistent with those of the transmission devices that are directly
connected to the RNC.

207
Run LST ETHPORT on the NodeB to check whether the port rate and the duplex mode
settings are consistent with those of the transmission devices that are directly connected to the
NodeB.
Step 3 Optional. If FE/GE interface boards are used, check whether the NEs are faulty or ports of
transmission devices which are directly connected are abnormal.
1. Connect a PC to the network port of faulty NEs (RNC or NodeB) to check whether the
alarm is cleared.
If yes, the port of directly connected transmission devices is faulty.
2. Connect a PC to transmission device ports of faulty NEs (RNC or NodeB) to check
whether the indicator of the network interface card (NIC) is on.
If yes, RNC ports or NodeB ports are faulty. Run RST ETHPORT and RST BRD on
the RNC or the NodeB, or replace interface boards.
You must run commands to reset interfaces or boards. Be cautious that running RST BRD to
reset the interface board interrupts all services under the interface board.
----End
Fault Description
An operator performs an IP reconstruction for interface A, but services are abnormal.
Locating Faults
Step 1 Check data configuration and no incorrect configuration is detected.
Step 2 Check alarms. The Ethernet link fault alarms are generated. Check the network cable and the
cable is correctly connected.
Step 3 Run DSP ETHPORT on the RNC to query the status of the Ethernet port. In the command
output, the Working Mode of the Ethernet port on the BSC is Half Duplex, and the
Automatic Negotiation Mode is Enabled. This may indicates that the forced mode is
configured at the peer end.
Step 4 Check configurations of the peer device. The port is the forced mode. The rate is 100 Mbit/s
and the mode is full duplex. Modify the Ethernet port mode and then the fault is rectified.
----End

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Fault Rectification
1. If data is configured incorrectly, modify configurations.
2. FE/GE transmission is faulty.
15.7 Troubleshooting MP/PPP Link Failure in IP over E1
Mode
A fault occurs if an MP/PPP link is configured on the RNC or NodeB, run DSP PPPLNK and
DSP MPGRP or DSP MPLNK, but in the command output, the link status is Down or
Inactive, or run LST MPGRP and LST PPPLNK on the RNC, any of the following alarms
are generated:
ALM-21344 MLPPP Group Failure
ALM-21343 PPP/MLPPP Link Failure
ALM-21201 E1T1 Loss of Signal
ALM-21203 E1T1 Alarm Indication Signal
ALM-21204 E1T1 Alarm Indication Signal
1. IP-layer configurations (such as DSCP, MTU and routing configurations) are incorrect.
2. Link-layer configurations (such as PP/MPGRP configurations and VLAN configurations)
are incorrect.
3. Physical-layer configurations such as E1T1 configurations are incorrect.
4. The transport network is disconnected.
5. The E1/T1 cables or optical fibers are faulty or connected improperly.
6. A port is faulty or a device is abnormal.
Locate the fault layer by layer. The sequence is IP layer > physical layer > link layer.
15.7.4 Troubleshooting IP Layer Faults
For details, see "Troubleshooting IP Layer Faults."
15.7.5 Troubleshooting E1T1 Faults (physical layer)
For details, see "Troubleshooting IP Layer Faults."
15.7.6 Troubleshooting Data Link Layer Faults
Step 1 Run DSP MPGRP to check the status. In the command output, if the status is Down, check
whether the MP negotiation parameters are consistent with those of transmission devices
which are directly connected. MPGRP negotiations parameters are as follows:

209
Maximum-Recive-Unit, Async-Control-Character-Map, Authentication-Protocol,
Magic-Number, Protocol-Field-Compression, Address&Control-Field-Compression, Short
Sequence, Endpoint Discriminator
----End
15.8 Troubleshooting Packet Loss in IP Transmission
Perform the ping operation to check the IP-layer connectivity and packet loss is displayed.
(In transmission resource pool scenarios) Run LST ADJNODE on the RNC, the adjnode
checkflag is displayed as a valid value.
(In transmission resource pool scenarios) Run DSPADJNODEPING on the RNC, the
forward average packet loss ratio is high.
(In IP transmission scenarios) Run LST IPPATH on the RNC, the IP path checkflag is
displayed as a valid value (follow "Using the Ping Operation to Check the IP Path Status")
and the VS.IPPATH.PING.MeanLOST counter is greater than 2%.
(In IP transmission scenarios) Run DSP IPPM on the RNC, the IPPM status is normal (follow
"Performing IP PM Detection to Check IP Path Performance on the Iub Interface") and the
forward average packet loss ratio of the VS.IPPM.Forword.DropMeans IPPM counter is high.
Users feel that the voice quality becomes poorer and the call drop rate becomes higher. The HSPA rate is
relatively low and fluctuates.
1. If Ethernet ports are faulty, the possible cause is that the port negotiation modes are
inconsistent.
2. If the E1/T1 configurations are improper, the possible cause is that negotiation
parameters such as the encoding mode and impedance are inconsistent.
4. The bandwidth is limited or the speed limit function is used.
5. The cable quality is poor and signal interference occurs..
6. The network is faulty or a device is abnormal.
Step 1 Check whether parameter settings of the Ethernet port are consistent between the transmission
devices that are directly connected.

210
Run LST ETHPORT on the RNC to check whether the port rate and the auto-negotiation
parameter settings are consistent with those of the transmission devices that are directly
connected to the RNC.
Run LST ETHPORT on the NodeB to check whether the port rate and the duplex mode
settings are consistent with those of the transmission devices that are directly connected to the
NodeB.
Step 2 Perform gateway ping operations to check the IP-layer connectivity and collect data about the
packet loss ratio.
Perform ping operations from NEs at both ends to the gateway respectively.
1. If no packet loss occurs, it indicates that packet loss occurs in the intermediate
transmission network. Contact transmission engineers to troubleshoot the fault.
2. If packet loss occurs only when some DSCP values are used or large packets are used,
modify configurations to troubleshoot the fault.
3. If packet loss always occurs on a certain NE, contact NE and transmission engineers to
troubleshoot the fault.
If the fault persists, collect the data collected in the previous steps and contact Huawei for
technical support.
----End
15.9 Troubleshooting Delay and Jitter in IP Transmission
Large delay is displayed when you perform the ping operation to check the IP-layer
connectivity.
Large delay is displayed when you perform IP loopback to detect faulty network nodes.
(In IP transmission scenarios) Run LST IPPATH on the RNC, the IP PATH checkflag shows
a valid value (follow "Using the Ping Operation to Check the IP Path Status") and the
VS.IPPATH.PING.MeanDELAY counter shows large delay.
average RTT delay of the VS.IPPM.Rtt.Means IPPM counter shows large delay.

211
When delay and jitter exceed the thresholds during packet exchange between communication devices,
users feel that the voice quality becomes poorer and the call drop rate becomes higher. The HSPA rate is
1. The transmission network is congested.
3. A device is abnormal.
Isolate the fault segment by segment.
Step 1 Perform a trace operation to detect faulty transmission nodes, and gain all the IP addresses on
the end-to-end path.
Step 2 Perform the ping operation to check the IP-layer connectivity and analyze the point where
delay and jitter occur.
Perform ping operations from NEs at both ends to the gateway respectively. Ping the nearest
router from the RNC. If the result is successful, ping the next router. In this way, you can
locate the delay and jitter.
1. If no delay and jitter occur, it indicates that the fault occurs in the intermediate
2. If delay and jitter occur only when some DSCP values are used or large packets are used,
3. If delay and jitter always occurs on a certain NE, contact NE and transmission engineers
to troubleshoot the fault.
technical support.
Step 3 Check whether the physical bandwidth is sufficient.
Compare the maximum allocated physical bandwidth on the transmission network (value A)
and the maximum configured bandwidth (value B). Ensure that A is larger than B. Reserve
bandwidth to prevent congestion and larger delay/jitter so that the service quality can be
ensured.
In this case, value A needs to be provided by the datacom engineers.
----End

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15.10 Troubleshooting Packet Errors in IP Transmission
Perform an Ethernet port query to detect the working status of the port, and packet errors are
displayed or the following alarms are generated:
Unavailability alarms such as SCTP link congestion
(In transmission resource pool scenarios) Adjacent node packet loss exceeding the threshold
(In IP transmission scenarios) IP path packet loss exceeding the threshold
Users feel that the voice quality becomes poorer and the call drop rate becomes higher. The HSPA rate is
1. The transmission line quality is poor, and transmission is affected by interference.
2. If E1/T1 transmission is used, inconsistent configurations cause error bits.
3. If the fault occurs on the Ethernet, inconsistent port negotiation causes error packet.
4. A transmission device is faulty.
Locate the fault layer by layer (from bottom to top) based on the protocol stack.
Locate the fault on the transport network segment by segment.
Step 1 Check the link status, clock status, Ethernet configuration and E1 configuration to rule out
configuration faults.
Perform the following operations:
Run the DSP ETHPORT command. In the command output, check whether the Link
Availability Status is Available and whether the link is activated.
Run the DSP CLKSTAT command. In the command output, check whether the clock is
locked.
Run the LST ETHPORT and DSP ETHPORT commands. In the command output, check
the duplex mode and negotiation parameters of the Ethernet ports. Ensure that the settings at
both ends are consistent.
Run the LST E1T1 and DSP E1T1 commands. Check the E1 frame format, encoding mode
and scrambling mode. Ensure the settings at both ends are consistent.
Step 2 Check the cables. For example, replace the network cable, E1 cable, and optical module.
----End

213
15.11 Troubleshooting Transient Interruption in IP
Transmission
SCTP unavailability alarms, path fault alarms (under the circumstance that IP path ping is in
operation) and adjnode fault alarms (under the circumstance that adjnode ping is in operation)
are generated randomly or any of the following appears:
Transmission is interrupted transiently when you perform the ping operation to check the
IP-layer connectivity.
Packet loss ratio is high randomly when you perform IP loopback to detect faulty network
nodes for multiple times.
(In IP transmission scenarios) Run LST IPPATH on the RNC, the IP PATH checkflag shows
a valid value (follow "Using the Ping Operation to Check the IP Path Status") and the
VS.IPPATH.PING.MeanDELAY counter shows large delay randomly.
VS.IPPM.Forword.DropMeans IPPM counter shows high packet loss ratio randomly.
When delay and jitter exceed the thresholds during packet exchange between communication devices,
users feel that the voice quality becomes poorer and the call drop rate becomes higher. The HSPA rate is
1. If Ethernet ports are used, the possible cause is that the port negotiation modes are
inconsistent.
2. If the E1/T1 configurations are used, the possible cause is that negotiation parameters
such as the encoding mode and impedance are inconsistent.
3. The quality of the transport network is poor.
Isolate the fault segment by segment.
If transient interruption in IP transmission occurs, perform the following operations:
Step 1 Perform the ping operation to check the transient interruption and obtain the transient
interruption rules (Does transient interruption occur only when the transmission is busy? Does
transient interruption occur in a fixed time every day?) Isolate the scope where the transient
interruption occurs and gradually narrow the fault location scope. For details about manual
ping operations and analysis, see II. "Ping" in 1.1.7 "Maintenance and Test Methods in IP
Transmission."

214
Step 2 Perform the ping operation to check the IP-layer connectivity and analyze the point where the
transient interruption occurs.
Perform ping operations from NEs at both ends to the gateway respectively. Ping the nearest
router from the RNC. If the result is successful, ping the next router. In this way, you can
locate the delay and jitter.
1. If no delay and jitter occur, it indicates that the fault occurs in the intermediate
2. If delay and jitter occur only when some DSCP values are used or large packets are used,
3. If delay and jitter always occurs on a certain NE, contact NE and transmission engineers
to troubleshoot the fault.
technical support.
----End

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide 16 Troubleshooting Faults in SSN Configuration-Free
215
16 Troubleshooting Faults in SSN
Configuration-Free
This chapter describes how to troubleshoot faults in the subsystem number (SSN)
configuration-free algorithm during base station deployment, including fault definitions and
fault analysis.
16.2 Definition of Faults in SSN Configuration-Free
There are two types of faults:
 The ADD UNODEB command fails to be executed when the SSN configuration-free
 The automatic SSN allocation achieved by the SSN configuration-free algorithm is
inappropriate.
The SSN configuration-free algorithm aims to simplify the configuration procedure during
base station deployment. This algorithm enables the RNC to specify subrack, slot, and
subsystem numbers when you add a base station, NodeB control port (NCP), communication
control port (CCP), or Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer (SAAL) link. Meanwhile, a NCP or
CCP can now be carried on a subsystem different from the one carrying the SAAL link
corresponding to the NCP or CCP. In addition, each SAAL link has a unique ID. Parameter
addition and parameter attribute changes that are caused by this algorithm do not affect
configuration data of earlier versions.
This algorithm has the following principles:
 When allocating an SSN to a base station, this algorithm ensures load balancing between
NodeBs.
 When allocating an SSN to a cell, this algorithm ensures load balancing between NodeBs
and between cells.
Use the following formula to calculate the total NodeB load of a subsystem:

216
Total NodeB load = ∑(NodeB load)
 For a NodeB without cells configured, use the following formula to calculate its load:
NodeB load = W(base) + W(Nb,Cell) x R
 For a NodeB with cells configured, use the following formula to calculate its load:
NodeB load = W(Nb.Cell) x Cell number
Use the following formula to calculate the total cell load of a subsystem:
Total cell load = W(Cl.Cell) x Cell number
In the preceding formulas:
 W(base) = 0
 W(Nb.Cell) =5
 W(Cl.Cell)=7
 R = Cell number/NodeB number (Alternatively, R = 6)
The SPU writes CPU levels into OMU data table through persistency. The mapping between
CPU levels and CPU usage of subsystems is as follows:
 If a subsystem is working properly and its CPU usage is less than 55%, its CPU level is
high.
 If a subsystem is working properly and its CPU usage falls into the range [55, 70), its
CPU level is medium.
 If a subsystem is faulty and its CPU usage is greater than or equal to 70%, its CPU level
is low.
Subsystems are classified based on the CPU level. The SSN configuration-free algorithm
preferentially allocates NodeBs and cells to high-CPU-level subsystems. If no high-CPU-level
subsystems are available, the algorithm selects a medium-CPU-level subsystem. If no
medium-CPU-level subsystems are available, the algorithm selects a low-CPU-level
subsystem. The following figure illustrates how this algorithm works.

217
NOTE
Generally, this algorithm allocates NCPs/CCPs to the same subsystem as the corresponding NodeBs. If
the specifications of a subsystem are reached, this algorithm selects a subsystem whose total load is the
lowest and specifications are not reached.
16.4 Troubleshooting the Failed Execution of the ADD
UNODEB Command
The ADD UNODEB command fails to be executed when the SSN configuration-free
 The command restrictions are not complied with.
 The number of maximum NodeBs supported by the NodeB hardware has been exceeded.

218
Step 1 Check whether the restrictions of the ADD UNODEB command have been complied with.
Query the notes of the ADD UNODEB command and information included in the command
execution result to modify parameter settings for the command.
Step 2 Check whether the number of maximum NodeBs supported by the NodeB hardware has been
reached using the command listed in the following table.
LST UNODEB None Check whether the
number of maximum
NodeBs supported by the
NodeB hardware has been
reached. If so, expand
NodeB capacity.
----End
16.5 Troubleshooting the Problem that Automatic SSN
Allocation Achieved by the SSN Configuration-Free
Algorithm Is Inappropriate
Automatic SSN allocation achieved by the SSN configuration-free algorithm is inappropriate.
 The SPU does not calculate CPU levels correctly.
 The MPU does not send CPU levels to the OMU.
Step 1 Check whether the mit.log of the OMU includes operating information of the SSN
configuration-free algorithm.
If so, query the mit.log of the OMU obtained at 1:00 before a base station is added. Then,
check whether this log contains operating information about the algorithm. The operating
information is similar to the following information:
2013-05-09 00:59:59 INFO Set host data begin! cmd_id = 1001, cmd_para =
000f000207000002060000020500000204000002030000020200000201000010000000100100001002
000010030000100400001005000010060000100700ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffff0000

219
[D:v9r15OMUcodeconfigureservicemitomcombin_cmdSET_HOSTDATA.py|19|SETHOSTD
ATA]
2013-05-09 00:59:59 INFO SET_DEPLOYPRIO_BSC6900 ENTRY !
[D:v9r15OMUcodeconfigureservicemitumts_rrmcombin_cmdSET_DEPLOYPRIO.py|54|
SET_DEPLOYPRIO_BSC6900]
2013-05-09 00:59:59 INFO [SET_DEPLOYPRIO] SRN=0,SN=2,SSN=7 PRIOR=0

220
2013-05-09 00:59:59 INFO Set host data end! cost time 0.0176608562469, cmdParaLst
= None
[D:v9r15OMUcodeconfigureservicemitomcombin_cmdSET_HOSTDATA.py|29|SETHOSTD
ATA]
If not, collect common fault information and the data collected in this step, and contact
Step 2 Using the operating information, check whether the algorithm works properly.
Check whether the CPU levels included in the operating information map onto the CPU levels
calculated based on related counter values.
----End

RAN16.0 Troubleshooting Guide
17 Troubleshooting Faults Related to the Inter-Dependence
of BBU Uplink Resource Feature
221
17 Troubleshooting Faults Related to the
Inter-Dependence of BBU Uplink Resource
Feature
This chapter describes how to troubleshoot faults after the WRFD-151210 Inter-Dependence
of BBU Uplink Resource feature is activated in terms of the fault definition and analysis.
17.2 Definition of Faults Related to the Inter-Dependence
After Inter-Dependence of BBU Uplink Resource is activated, some cells become
unavailable.
17.3 Troubleshooting Unavailable Cells
After Inter-Dependence of BBU Uplink Resource is activated, some cells become
unavailable.
 The license for the Inter-Dependence of BBU Uplink Resource feature does not take
effect.
 Cell configuration does not support the Inter-Dependence of BBU Uplink Resource
feature.
 The operation sequence is incorrect.
Step 1 Check the alarms listed in the following table.

17 Troubleshooting Faults Related to the Inter-Dependence
222
Alarm
ID
Alarm Name NE Feature Description
ALM-26
811
Configured
Capacity Limit
Exceeding
Licensed Limit
NodeB WRFD-151
210
Inter-Depen
dence of
BBU
Uplink
Resource
This alarm is reported when
UL Resource Work Mode is
set to AUTO_CHAIN(Auto
Chain) or
MANUAL_CHAIN(Manual
Chain) but the license control
item is not configured.
ALM-28
206
Local Cell
Capability
Decline
NodeB WRFD-151
210
Inter-Depen
dence of
BBU
Uplink
Resource
In configurations that do not
have two antennas per cell or
three sectors, the
Uplink Resource feature does
not yield gains. This alarm is
reported when this feature is
activated in configurations that
do not have two antennas per
cell or three sectors.
ALM-28
350
Board
Configuration
Inconsistent
with Resource
Group
Configuration
NodeB WRFD-151
210
Inter-Depen
dence of
BBU
Uplink
Resource
The WBBPa board does not
support the Inter-Dependence
of BBU Uplink Resource
feature. This alarm is reported
when the Inter-Dependence of
BBU Uplink Resource feature
is activated for a NodeB that is
using the WBBPa board.
Obtain and install the feature license before changing the value of the UL Resource Work Mode
parameter. Otherwise, you have to manually run the STR REALLOCLOCELL command while
installing the feature license. This command re-establishes all local cells and therefore interrupts
ongoing services
Step 2 Check whether attributes of faulty cells are mutually exclusive with the Inter-Dependence of
BBU Uplink Resource feature. The Inter-Dependence of BBU Uplink Resource feature is
mutually exclusive with the following features:
 WRFD-021308 Extended Cell Coverage up to 200km
The Inter-Dependence of BBU Uplink Resource feature is mutually exclusive with the
Extended Cell Coverage up to 200km feature. If remote cells are configured by adding
remote cell groups or changing the cell radius to more than 30 km, Inter-Dependence of
BBU Uplink Resource fails to take effect.
 WRFD-021350 Independent Demodulation of Signals from Multiple RRUs in One Cell
 WRFD-151208 Macro-Micro multi RRUs in one cell
----End

18 Appendix: Common Methods of Collecting Fault
Information
223
18 Appendix: Common Methods of
Collecting Fault Information
When a fault cannot be rectified using the methods described in this troubleshooting guide,
ask Huawei technical support personnel to rectify the fault and provide them with associated
information to locate the fault immediately. This section describes how to collect various
information for locating faults.
Table 18-1 Common methods of collecting fault information on the RNC
Information to
Be Collected
Collection Method
Version
information of
the faulty NE
Run the LST VER command on the RNC LMT to query the BSC
software version.
Configuration
script
Run the EXP CFGMML command to export the BSC
configuration script.
After the command is executed, obtain the configuration script
from the specified path.
 If Export File Path and File Name are not set in the EXP
CFGMML command, the configuration script will be saved in
bamversion_Xftpexport_cfgmml on the OMU by default.
The default file name is
CFGMML-RNCX-YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.txt, where X is
the RNC ID.
 If Export File Path and File Name are specified in the EXP
CFGMML command, the configuration script will be saved in
the specified path. (The specified Export File Path must exist
on the OMU and the File Name must be unique on the OMU.)
Historical alarms 1. Run the COL LOG command with Log File Type set to
HISTORY_ALARM to obtain historical alarms.
2. Run the LST LOGRSTINFO command to query the path
where the historical alarm file (the default file name is
ALARM_INFO.zip) is saved.
3. Obtain the historical alarm file. The default save path is
bamversion_XftpCOLLOGINFOALM-LOG.

Information
224
Information to
Be Collected
Collection Method
Operation log 1. Run the COL LOG command with Log File Type set to
OPT_LOG to obtain the operation log.
where the operation log (the default file name is OperateLog.zip)
is saved.
3. Obtain the operation log. The default save path is
bamversion_XftpCOLLOGINFOOPT-LOG.
Performance
measurement
result file
Obtain the performance measurement result file. Save the file in
bamcommonMeasResult. The file name is
AYYYYMMDD.Start Time-End Time_EMS-*.mrf.bz2, where *
is the measurement period.
 The normal measurement period is 30 or 60 minutes by
default, which can be set on the U2000.
 The short measurement period is 5 or 15 minutes by default,
which can be set on the U2000.
 The long measurement period is 24 hours by default.
For example,
A20101203.0900+0800-0935+0800_EMS-SHORTPERIOD.mrf.
bz2 indicates that the performance measurement result file
contains the measurement result from 09:00 Eastern Time
(UTC+8) to 09:35 Eastern Time (UTC+8) on December 3 in
2010. SHORTPERIOD indicates that the short measurement
period is used.
OMU data 1. Run the BKP DB command with Path of Backup File and File
Name set to appropriate values to back up the data to the
specified directory on the OMU hard disk.
2. Obtain the backed up data file from the specified path.
For the method of backing up system data, see the information
about OMU service processes in the UMTS OMU
Administration Guide.
OMU logs 1. Run the COL LOG command with Log File Type set to
OMU_LOG to obtain the OMU logs.
where the OMU logs are saved.
3. Obtain the running logs. The logs are saved in
bamversion_Xlog by default, including the running log for
each OMU service process. For details about the OMU service
processes, see the UMTS OMU Administration Guide.
Running logs of
the host
1. Run the COL LOG command with Log File Type set to
HOST_LOG to obtain the running logs.
where running logs of the host are saved.
The file name is BSC0000_XXLog Start Time_End
Time.log.zip, where XX indicates the subrack number. For
example,

Information
225
Information to
Be Collected
Collection Method
BSC0000_00Log20101203102457_20101203113504.log.zip
indicates that the log records the running information of the host
from 10:24:57 to 11:35:04 on December 3, 2010.
3. Obtain the running logs. The default save path is
bamcommonfamfamlog.
Common
debugging logs
1. Run the COL LOG command with Log File Type set to
DEBUG_LOG to obtain the common debugging logs.
where the debugging logs are saved.
The file name is BSC0000_[DEBG]XXLog Start Time_End
example,
BSC0000_[DEBG]00Log20101203102457_20101203113504.log
.zip indicates that the log records the debugging information of
subrack 0 from 10:24:57 to 11:35:04 on December 3, 2010.
3. Obtain the debugging logs. The default save path is
bamcommonfamfamlogfmt.
CALLFAULT
logs
1. Run the COL LOG command with 3G_CHR_LOG and
CALLFAULT_LOG selected in the Log File Type drop-down
list box to obtain the CHR and CALLFAULT logs.
where the CHR and CALLFAULT logs are saved.
 The CHR file name is BSC0000_[CHR]XXLog Start
Time_End Time.log.zip, where XX indicates the subrack
number. For example,
BSC0000_[CHR]00Log20101203102457_20101203113504.l
og.zip indicates that the log records the call information of
 The CALLFAULT file name is
BSC0000_[CALLFAULT]XXLog Start Time_End
example,
BSC0000_[CALLFAULT]00Log20101203102457_2010120
3113504.log.zip indicates that the log records the call faults of
3. Obtain the CHR and CALLFAULT logs. The default save path
is bamcommonfamfamlogfmt.
PCHR logs 1. Run the COL LOG command with Log File Type set to
PCHR_LOG to obtain the PCHR logs.
where the PCHR logs are saved.
The file name is BSC0000_[PCHR]XXLog Start Time_End
example,
BSC0000_[PCHR]00Log20101203102457_20101203113504.log
.zip indicates that the log records the PCHR information of

Information
226
Information to
Be Collected
Collection Method
3. Obtain the PCHR logs. The default save path is
bamcommonfamfamlogfmtpchr.
UE tracing result 1. Click Trace on the LMT main page. The Trace tab page is
displayed.
2. In the Trace Navigation Tree, unfold Trace > UMTS
Services and double-click UE Trace to trace various types of
messages. For details, see the UMTS LMT User Guide.
Cell tracing
result
1. Click Trace on the LMT main page. The Trace tab page is
displayed.
Services and double-click Cell Trace to trace various types of
IOS tracing
result
displayed.
Services and double-click IOS Trace to trace various types of
Interface tracing
result
displayed.
Services, double-click the navigation node corresponding to
tracing of an interface, and set related parameters. For details, see
the UMTS LMT User Guide.
Cell status Run the DSP UCELLCHK command to perform a health check
on the cell.
Link
performance
monitoring result
1. Click Monitor on the LMT main page. The Monitor tab page
is displayed.
2. In the Monitor Navigation Tree, unfold Monitor > Common
Monitoring, and double-click Link Performance Monitoring. The
Link Performance Monitoring dialog box is displayed.
3. In the Link Performance Monitoring dialog box, select the
link to be monitored in the Monitor Item drop-down list box and
set other parameters. Then click Submit to start monitoring. For
details, see the UMTS LMT User Guide.
NOTE
The version_X field indicates the directory where the active OMU workspace is installed. It can be
queried by the LST OMUAREA command.

Information
227
Table 18-2 Common methods of collecting fault information on the NodeB
Information to
Be Collected
Collection Method
Version
information of the
faulty NE
Run the LST VER command on the NodeB LMT to query
the NodeB software version.
Configuration
script
1. Click Maintenance on the LMT main page. The
Maintenance tab page is displayed. Unfold Service >
Software Management and double-click Data Config
File Transfer. The Data Config File Transfer dialog box
is displayed.
2. In the Data Config File Transfer dialog box, set Transfer
Type to Upload(NodeB to FTP Server). Then click Start to
start monitoring. For detailed operations, see the
information about backing up the configuration file in the
NodeB LMT User Guide.
NodeB log 1. Click Maintenance on the LMT main page. The
Maintenance tab page is displayed.
2. Unfold Service > Software Management and
double-click Other File Transfer. The Other File Transfer
dialog box is displayed.
3. In the Other File Transfer dialog box, set File
Description to the corresponding types and other
parameters to appropriate values. Then click Start to start
the upload. For detailed operations, see the information
about uploading NodeB logs in the NodeB LMT User
Guide.
NOTE
 Log types of V100: maintenance log, main control log, board
log, security log, baseband IQ data, and RTWP routine test log
 Log types of V200: one-click log, security log, running log,
operation log, abnormal configuration file, exception log,
normal configuration file, Canbus log, alarm log, central fault
log, local fault log, test result log, transmission quality report
log, debugging log, BSP report log, DSP memory log, DSP log,
RTWP test log, BSP log, serial port redirection log, board
replacement log, and board temperature log.
User information 1. Click Maintenance on the LMT main page. The
Maintenance tab page is displayed. Unfold Service >
Trace Management > Interface Trace Task and
double-click User.
2. Select the tracing mode. When no UEs are available for
the drive test, select Chain Time, and the system will
randomly trace a maximum of four UEs. When UEs are
available for the drive test, select IMSI and specify the
UEs to be traced. The two tracing modes can be selected as
follows:
 Select the time-based tracing mode as follows.
NOTE

Information
228
Information to
Be Collected
Collection Method
The entered time is based on the NodeB time.
Figure 18-1 V1 Selecting Chain Time
Figure 18-2 V2 Selecting Chain Time
 Select the IMSI-based tracing mode as follows:
− On the BSC LMT, run the following command: MOD
UNODEB: NodeBId = xxx,
NodebTraceSwitch=ON; where xxx is the NodeB ID.
− Select IMSI in the Trace Method drop-down list box
and enter the IMSI ID, as shown in the following
figure.
Figure 18-3 V1 Selecting IMSI

Information
229
Information to
Be Collected
Collection Method
Figure 18-4 V2 Selecting IMSI
3. On the IUB and UU tab pages, select the items to be
traced, as shown in the following figures.
NOTE
Set the parameters based on the problems to be located.
Figure 18-5 V1 Selecting Iub tracing
items

Information
230
Information to
Be Collected
Collection Method
Figure 18-6 V2 Selecting Iub tracing
items
Figure 18-7 V1 Selecting Uu tracing
items
Figure 18-8 V2 Selecting Uu tracing
items
4. On the Basic tab page, click Auto save, specify the
directory for saving the tracing result, and click OK to start
tracing. The traced information is reported as follows.

Information
231
Information to
Be Collected
Collection Method
Figure 18-9 V1 Traced UE information
Figure 18-10 V2 Traced UE
information
5. Obtain the tracing result from the specified directory.
Cell information 1. Click Maintenance on the LMT main page. The
Maintenance tab page is displayed.
2. Unfold Service > Trace Management > Interface
Trace Task and double-click Cell.
3. On the Basic tab page, set Cell ID to the logic ID of the
cell to be traced. Select Auto save and specify a directory,
as shown in the following figure.
Figure 18-11 V1 Setting the cell ID

Information
232
Information to
Be Collected
Collection Method
Figure 18-12 V2 Setting the cell ID
4. Select tracing items on the IUB and UU tab pages.
5. Click OK to start tracing.
6. Obtain the tracing result from the specified directory.
IP packet statistics Run the DSP IPSTAT command to collect statistics on IP
packets transmitted on all links of a board.
Board
manufacturing
information
Run the DSP BRDMFRINFO command to obtain the
model and bar code of a board.
MTU detection of
the network
interconnected to
the NodeB
Run the TRACERT command to conduct statistics on IP
packets transmitted on all links of a board.
Power consumption
of the NodeB
 VS.BTS.EnergyCons.Adding
 VS.BTS.EnergyCons.Measuring
CANBUS For detailed operations, see the information about how to
start CANBUS redirection in the UMTS LMT User

Information
233
Information to
Be Collected
Collection Method
redirection Guide.
Frequency
spectrum scanning
For detailed operations, see the information about how to
manage NodeB frequency spectrum scanning in the
UMTS LMT User Guide.
Offline
intermodulation
interference
detection
Run the STR RFTEST command. Then the RTWP value
is reported for the antenna ports configured with carriers
once a second, because signals are transmitted and
received through the antenna ports configured with
carriers. The test ends and the test result are displayed
when the test time expires.
Starting the test on a module interrupts all services of the
module.
Board hardware
test
Run the STR HWTST command to check for faults in the
components and interfaces of a board.
 The hardware self-diagnosis can be started only on
one board in a NodeB at a time.
 The hardware self-diagnosis lasts between 5 to 10
minutes, during which no operations can be
performed on the board.
 Ensure that no software or files are uploaded or
downloaded during hardware self-diagnosis, because
the operations may affect the effect of hardware
self-diagnosis
 Ensure that the power modules support a large power
consumption before performing the hardware
self-diagnosis, because the hardware self-diagnosis
of TRXs triggers a single tone test, which causes
excessive power consumption instantaneously. If the
power modules do not meet the requirements, the
RRU will be powered off and restarted repeatedly,
and therefore the hardware self-diagnosis and single
tone test will be started repeatedly after the hardware
self-diagnosis is performed.
 Ensure that the board to be tested has been
configured before the hardware self-diagnosis. If the
board to be tested is a traffic board, ensure that the
board has been blocked before the hardware

Information
234
Information to
Be Collected
Collection Method
self-diagnosis.

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