SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Rayat institute of engineering and information technology(final)

Download as DOCX, PDF
Y
Yogesh Thakur

This document is a report submitted by Yogesh Thakur to fulfill the requirements for a six month industrial training program at IMPACT ENGINEERS in Mohali from April 19, 2016 to July 19, 2016. It includes an acknowledgement, candidate's declaration, preface, table of contents, and begins chapters on the introduction to AutoCAD, its history and features for architecture, advantages and disadvantages, entity types and descriptions, differences between CAD and AutoCAD, basic drawing commands, and text alignment options.

Engineering
1 of 34
Downloaded 89 times
1
2
3
4
5
Most read
6
Most read
7
Most read
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
1 Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology Railmajra, INDIA AUTO CAD REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR Six Month Industrial Training At IMPACT ENGINEERS, Mohali (19-04-2016 to 19-07-2016) SUBMITTED BY Yogesh Thakur Mechanical Engineering 1248936 Mechanical Engineering Department
2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The success ofmy project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of my project manager. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental would in the successfulcompletion of this project. I like to show my great appreciation to my project in-charge, Mr . I am very thankful to him for the tremendous and help. I feel motivated and encouraged every time I support his meeting. Without his suggestions and guidance this project work would not have been materialized. Yogesh Thakur
3 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the Software Project entitled “ Auto Cad ” in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technologyin Mechanical Engineering affiliated to Punjab Technical University,Jalandhar and submitted to the Departmentof Mechanical Engineering of Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology, Ropar, is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from Jan 2016 to June 2016. The matter represented in this report has not been submitted by me for award of any other degree of this or any other institute/university This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the bestof our knowledge. Date : Name - Yogesh Thakur Roll No . - 1248936
4 Preface I have made this report file on the topic AutoCAD; I have tried my best to elucidate all the relevant detail to the topic to be included in the report. While in the beginning I have tried to give a general view about this topic. My efforts and wholehearted co-corporation of each and every one has ended on a successful note. I express my sincere gratitude to HARPREET SINGH who assisting me throughout the preparation of this topic. I thank him for providing me the reinforcement, confidence and most importantly the track for the topic whenever I needed it.
5 Contents Sr. No. Title Page No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Introduction to Auto CAD History of Auto CAD Auto CAD and Architecture Features Auto CAD Advantages Disadvantages of Auto CAD Auto CAD Entity Types and Descriptions Differences between CAD and Auto CAD Basic Drawing Commands for Auto CAD Text Alignment Options References 6 7 8 9-11 12-13 14-16 17-18 19-31 32-33 34
6 Introduction AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting — available since 1982 as a desktop application and since 2010 as a mobile web- and cloud-based app marketed as AutoCAD 360. Developed and marketed by Autodesk, Inc., AutoCAD was first released in December 1982, running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers. Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal. AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, and other professionals. It is supported by 750 training centers worldwide as of 1994. As Autodesk's flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide. As of 2014, AutoCAD is in its twenty-ninth generation, and collectively with all its variants, continues to be the most widely used CAD program throughout most of the world.
7 History AutoCAD was derived from a program begun in 1977 and released in 1979 called Interact CAD, also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which was written prior to Autodesk's (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Mike Riddle. The first version by the AutoDesk Company was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and released that December. The 2016 release marked the 30th major release for the AutoCAD for Windows. The 2014 release marked the fourth consecutive year for AutoCAD for Mac. AutoCAD Architecture features Get more in a suite Walls, doors, and windows Draw walls, doors, and windows that mimic real-world behavior and construction. Sections and elevations Generate 2D sections and elevations directly from your floor plans.
8 Architectural design documentation Create and annotate drawings with detail components and keynoting tools.
9 The AutoCAD Advantage Striker Systems sheet metal fabrication products are available as a plug-in to AutoCAD or, for non-AutoCAD users, as a stand-alone solution based on the AutoCAD OEM Engine. Either way, this combination provides a unique CAD/CAM environment with features not found in many conventional manufacturing products. Removal of Data Translations Striker Systems provides a truly integrated CAD/CAM solution that supports the entire manufacturing process from initial part design through the generation of NC programs with no data translations required. And unlike many manufacturing software products with limited design capability, Striker Systems includes an advanced engineering system for the most demanding sheet metal design requirements. Solid Works / Solid Edge / Inventor Compatibility The industry is rapidly embracing 3D solid modeling technology. Being based on Autodesk’s industry standard DWG file format, Striker Systems offers a level of compatibility not found in other manufacturing solutions. Many products, such as Inventor and Solid Works, support Striker’s standard DWG file format directly. And Striker also offers direct OLE links into Solid Works, Inventor and Solid Edge for seamless sharing of data.
10 Industry Standard Translators Many Striker Systems clients must accept drawings from a variety of sources. In the event it is necessary to import data from (or export data to) another CAD software, Striker Systems relies on the same industry standard DXF, IGES, and STEP translators that are found in AutoCAD. Autodesk is the author of the DXF file format and therefore defines this standard. And because AutoCAD is the most popular CAD software in the world, it is a benchmark for the development of translators by many other CAD software organizations. You are guaranteed the highest level of compatibility in the industry. Reduced Training Time/Cost Both the AutoCAD based and stand-alone Striker Systems products provide an enhanced user interface that will be immediately recognizable to individuals familiar with AutoCAD. They will readily adapt to the Striker environment thereby minimizing the learning curve. And for organizations that use AutoCAD as their engineering solution, it is not necessary for employees to learn multiple operating environments as they would with separate CAD and CAM solutions. Rapid Product Advancements Unlike the developers of stand-alone manufacturing products, the development team at Striker Systems is not forced to continually maintain and advance an underlying graphics database. The Striker graphics database is an AutoCAD engine, the world’s de facto standard CAD solution.
11 This allows the Striker Development Team to concentrate on feature development and advance software at a rapid pace.
12 The Disadvantages of AutoCAD Autodesk AutoCAD is one of the most popular computer-aided design (CAD) programs, and it creates accurate, professional drawings. However, the program falls short for computer modeling and graphic design. The application has modeling tools, as well as color and fills tools, but AutoCAD does not compare well to contemporary building information modeling (BIM), three-dimensional modeling or illustration software. Line o AutoCAD produces drawings using line and shape tools. Curves, arcs and straight lines produce the shapes, but AutoCAD cannot edit the line and location as freely as illustration programs-- editing and overlapping lines and lineweights is limited to a few options. In addition, AutoCAD creates drawings from only lines, never volumetric models, such as with BIM. Nevertheless, the application can produce precise three-dimensional geometry with limited material effects. Limited File Formats o Because AutoCAD is one of the leading CAD programs, it limits the number of file formats it can import or export, because Autodesk expects other programs to export to AutoCAD formats, such as DWG and DXF. Unfortunately, this creates problems when using other programs with more powerful tools and exporting the program to AutoCAD format-- geometry, color and effects are lost often.
13 Color, Fill and Texture o AutoCAD drawings and models can have color, fill and texture, using the line and hatch tools. However, the application limits the number of possible colors to 256 and the hatching provides only a handful of textures, so you cannot create photo realistic images like illustration programs. Instead, you can import image files and create material maps for AutoCAD renderings, but AutoCAD's rendering abilities cannot compete with three-dimensional modeling programs or illustration programs. Non-Parametric o AutoCAD provides tools to create three-dimensional models, but editing the models requires many steps, unlike BIM parametric models, which automatically adjust all of the model components while editing elements. Furthermore, information is not attached to the models, such as with BIM parametric models-- BIM gives the designer data about the material and volumetric properties of the building project.
14 AutoCAD Entity Types and Descriptions There are two formats used by AutoCAD: DXF (drawing exchange format) files, which are large; and ASCII representations of the binary DWG (drawing) files. Logically, both files are identical and, therefore, the FME treats both file types in the same manner. For AutoCAD DWF reading and writing support please see the chapter on AutoCAD DWF. AutoCAD files consist of sections, as follows: 1. HEADER: This contains settings of variables associated with the drawing. 2. CLASSES: This contains class definitions associated with the drawing. 3. TABLES: This contains a variety of tables, including: o Layers: Each layer entry contains layer definition information such as layer color, layer name, and layer linetype. The AutoCAD reader validates the layer names and may modify them to remove invalid characters. o Line types: Each line type entry contains the line type definition information such as name and alignment. The AutoCAD writer enables line type definitions to be copied from an existing AutoCAD file, then referenced by name during the data translation.
15 o Shape Files: Each shape file entry identifies a shape file referenced by the drawing. Shape files are used by AutoCAD as a different method for defining symbols or fonts. Note: These are similar to the TextStyles in AutoCAD. AutoCAD shape files are not the same thing as Esri Shapefiles. AutoCAD shape files store symbol and font definitions. o Applications: Each application entry contains the name of an application referenced within the AutoCAD file. 4. BLOCKS: These are used to define symbols and other drawing file objects used repeatedly throughout a drawing. The AutoCAD writer enables copying of block definitions from an existing AutoCAD file, which is then referenced by name during a data translation operation. 5. ENTITIES: This is the main section of a drawing file and contains the actual feature entities. Each entity contains standard information, such as its color, layer, linestyle, and geometry, as well as a number of attributes specific to its entity type. For example, all 2D entities have thickness, while a text entity has fields for font, size, and the text string in addition to the standard display attributes.
16 FME supports both 2D and 3D AutoCAD entities. However, many applications only support 2D DWG and DXF files. The 2DForcer transformer can be used to ensure that only 2D data is written to an output DWG or DXF file. 6. OBJECTS: This section stores dictionaries and other helper non-entity objects. Each entity may also have associated attribution stored within an extended entity data section. FME supports reading and writing of extended entity data. Each entity may also have associated attribution stored within XRecord objects in an extension dictionary section. FME supports reading and writing XRecord data from entities. All coordinates within a drawing file are stored as 64-bit floating point values in world coordinates. As such, there is no need to scale or otherwise alter coordinates as they are being read from or written to a drawing file. The AutoCAD reader and writer use symbolic names for the different entity types stored within a drawing file. This simplifies feature type specification. The following table gives a brief description of each of the different AutoCAD entity types currently supported by the reader and/or writer. The entities are described in detail in subsequent sections.
17 What Is the Difference Between CAD and AutoCAD? Computer-aided design (CAD) is the general term that applies to the use of computers in the design of houses, office buildings, interiors and anything else that previously required hands-on drafting. AutoCAD is a specific piece of software used by many architects and designers for commercial design purposes. Read on to find out about the uses of CAD and AutoCAD. Schools offering CAD and AutoCAD Overview AutoCAD is software that utilizes computer-aided design (CAD) principles in the modeling of buildings, manufactured goods, urban infrastructure and even fashion design. If you are an architect or designer, you might use AutoCAD software to create 2- and 3-dimensional drafts of custom home designs or renovations. If you work as a civil engineer, you can use AutoCAD software to design improvements in roadways and make cities and towns more energy-efficient. Other industries and professions that employ CAD and make use of AutoCAD software include manufacturing, automotive technology and engineering. Types of CAD Depending on the type of work you perform, there are different forms of CAD that you could employ. Drafts that are 2-dimensional are flat, while 3-dimensional and 2.5- dimensional drawings show the depth and space of a design. You might use wireframe,
18 surface and solid modeling to calculate the dimensions of a design or simulate what the inner structure of your design might look like. AutoCAD Software AutoCAD is a trademarked product of Autodesk. When you use AutoCAD, you have the ability to draft 2-D and 3-D designs and create photorealistic rendering. Because different fields use AutoCAD in specific ways, there are several versions of the AutoCAD application for a variety of work types, such as architecture, mapping and piping design. Learning AutoCAD Software Technical schools or community colleges offer stand-alone courses in CAD that you can complete in a few weeks. You can also find CAD courses as part of a certificate or degree program, such as a fashion design or architecture program. You can enroll in courses and programs that specifically teach the AutoCAD application, though some schools might use other software, such as SolidWorks or TurboCAD, instead.
19 Autodesk also offers courses and training programs through authorized certification centers. These courses can prepare you to earn certification in AutoCAD from the vendor. Depending on your skill and knowledge level of the application, you can become an AutoCAD Certified User, AutoCAD Certified Associate or AutoCAD Certified Professional. Autodesk certification demonstrates your proficiency of the AutoCAD application. To continue researching, browse degree options below for course curriculum, prerequisites and financial aid information. Or, learn more about the subject by reading the related articles below: BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD Measuring Commands GRID: Displays a grid of dots at a desired spacing on the screen. Command: GRID (enter) On/Off/Tick spacing(x)/Aspect: (enter value) (enter) SNAP: Specifies a "round off" interval so that points entered with the mouse can be locked into alignment with the grid spacing.
Page 20 of 34 Command: SNAP (enter) On/Off/Value/Aspect/Rotate/Style: (enter value) (enter) Basic Draw Commands CIRCLE: Draws circles of any size. Command: Circle (enter) 3P/2P/TTR/<center point>: (pick a center point) Diameter or <Radius>: (Pick a point on the circle) LINE: Draws straight lines between two points Command: LINE (enter) From Point: (pick a point using the mouse)
Page 21 of 34 To Point: (Pick a point using the mouse) To Point: (Press return to end the command) ARC: Draws an arc (any part of a circle or curve) through three known points. Command: ARC (enter) Center/ < Start point > : (pick the first point on the arc) Center/End/ < Second point > : C Center: (pick the arc's center point) Angle/Length of chord/ <End point > : (pick the arc endpoint) Display Commands LIMITS: Sets the size of the drawing paper. For size "A" drawing paper the limits should be set for 10.5 x 8.
Page 22 of 34 Command: LIMITS (enter) On/Off/Lower left corner <0.0000> (enter) Upper right corner: 10.5,8 (enter) ZOOM: Enlarges or reduces the display of a drawing. Command: ZOOM (enter) All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Left/Previous/Vmax/Window/<Scale(x/XP)>: (Pick a point to define one corner of a rectangular viewing window then pick a point to define the second point to define the opposite diagonal corner of the viewing window) Note: To return the picture to its original viewing size enter ALL and press the enter key when prompted instead of defining a window.
Page 23 of 34 PAN: Allows you to move your view point around the drawing without changing the Magnification factor. Command: PAN (enter) BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD Editing Commands CHANGE: Alters properties of selected objects Command: CHANGE (enter) Select objects or window or Last (select objects to be changed) Properties/<Change point>: (type P) Change what property (Color/Elev/LAyer/LType/Thickness)? (type Layer) New Layer: (enter new layer name and press enter) ERASE: Erases entities from the drawing. Command: ERASE (enter) Select objects or Window or Last: (Select objects to be erased and press enter when finished)
Page 24 of 34 EXTEND: Lengthens a line to end precisely at a boundary edge. Command: Extend (enter) Select boundary edge(s)... Select Objects (pick the line which represents the boundary edge which lines will be extended to) (Press enter when finished selecting cutting edges) <Select object to extend>/Undo: (pick the line(s) that need to be extended TRIM: Trims a line to end precisely at a cutting edge. Command: Trim (enter) Select cutting edge(s)... Select Objects (pick the line which represents the cutting edge of line in which objects will be trimmed to)
Page 25 of 34 (Press enter when finished selecting cutting edges) <Select object to trim>/Undo: (pick the line(s) that need to be trimmed) GRIPS You can edit selected objects by manipulating grips that appear at defining points on the object. Grips are not a command. To activate grips simply pick the object. Small squares will appear at various entity-specific positions. By selecting an end grip you can stretch the entity to change its size. By selecting the center grip you can move the entity to a new location. To remove grips press CTL-C twice. You can perform the following using grips: Copy, Multiple Copy, Stretch, Move, Rotate, Scale, and Mirror. Creating Layers LAYER: Creates named drawing layers and assigns color and line type properties to those layers. Command: LAYER (enter) A Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box will be displayed. To add a new layer, pick the New button. A new layer listing appears, using a default name of Layer1. the layer name can be changed by highlighting the layer name. Colors and Linetypes can be assigned to each new layer by picking the color
Page 26 of 34 box to assign a color and picking the linetype box to assign a line type. Standard AutoCAD colors 1 = Red 2 = Yellow 3 = Green 4 = Cyan 5 = Blue 6 = Magenta 7 = White Standard AutoCAD line types Hidden2 = hidden lines
Page 27 of 34 Center2 = center lines Phantom2 = phantom or cutting-plane lines BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD Construction Commands ARRAY: Makes multiple copies of selected objects in a rectangular or circular pattern Command: ARRAY (enter) Select objects or Window or Last: (select object to array) Rectangular or Polar array (R/P) <current>: (P) Center point of array: (pick the point around which to form the array) Angle to fill (+=CCW, -=Cw) <360>: (enter) COPY: Draws a copy of selected objects. Command: COPY (enter) Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to be copied) Base point or displacement: (pick a point on the object to be used as a reference point) Second point of displacement: (pick a point which represents the new location of the copied object)
Page 28 of 34 MIRROR: Makes mirror images of existing objects. Command: MIRROR (enter) Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to be mirrored) First point of mirror line: (pick a point on top of the mirror line) Second point: (pick a point on the bottom of the mirror line) Delete old objects? <N> y or n (enter)
Page 29 of 34 MOVE: Moves designated entities to another location. Command: MOVE (enter) Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to move) Base point or displacement: (pick a point on the object to be used as a reference point) Second point of displacement: (pick a point which represents the new location of the object) OFFSET: Constructs an entity parallel to another entity at a specified distance. Offset can be used with lines, circles, arcs, and polylines. Command: OFFSET (enter) Offset distance or through <last>: (enter a distance value) Select object to offset: (select object to offset) Side to offset: (Pick any point on the side of the object you wish to offset)
Page 30 of 34 FILLET: Changes any corner to a rounded corner. Command: FILLET Polyline/Radius/Angle/Trim/Method/ <Select first line > : (pick the first line) Select second line: (pick the second line) CHAMFER: Changes any corner to an angled corner. Command: CHAMFER Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/ < Select first line >: (pick the first line) Select second line: (pick the second line) OSNAP Instantly locates exact points relative to existing objects (points). Object Snap Modes: Endpoint, Midpoint, Center, Quadrant, Intersection, Insertion, Perpendicular, Tangent, Nearest, Node, and None.
Page 31 of 34 BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD Placing lettering on a drawing TEXT: Draws text characters of any size. Command: TEXT (enter) Justify/Style/<Start point>: (pick a starting point or enter a justification letter) Height (0) (enter the height of the lettering) Rotation Angle (0) (enter) Text: (enter the desired lettering) (enter) Summary of Options <Start Point> Left-Justifies text along its baseline Justify Justifies text according to the alignment options Style Enters a new text style Null reply Enters a new line of text below the previous text. (Space or Enter key will give a Null reply)
Page 32 of 34 Text Alignment Options Alignment Abbreviation Orientation Aligned A Aligns text between two points. Text height will adjust Automatically Fit F Fits text between two points. Text Height will not change Centered C Centers text at the baseline of a Specified point Middle M Centers text horizontally and vertically at the baseline of a specified point Right R Right Justify text at the baseline of a specified point Alignment Abbreviation Orientation Top Left TL Left Justifies text at the top of text Top Center TC Centers text at the top of text Top Right TR Right justifies text at the top to text Middle Left ML Left justifies text at the middle of Text Middle Center MC Centers text both horizontally and Vertically at the middle of the text Middle Right MR Right justifies text at the middle of Text Bottom Left BL Left justifies text at the bottom of Text Bottom Center BC Centers text a the bottom of text Bottom Right BR Right justifies text at the bottom of
Page 33 of 34 Text The SPELL command will check the spelling of a group of text. Crosshatching a drawing BHATCH: Allows the user to crosshatch areas of a section view. Command: BHATCH(enter the Boundary Hatch dialogue Box will be displayed. Select the Hatch Options box. The Hatch Options box will be displayed. Select the Patterns box. The Choose Hatch Pattern box will be displayed. Select the desired hatch pattern. The Hatch Options box will be displayed again. You can select a scale and rotation angle for the crosshatch pattern. Select the OK box when finished. BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD The Boundary Hatch dialogue box will be displayed again. Select the Pick Points box. When prompted select the internal point of the display are to be crosshatched. Press the enter key when finished. The Boundary Hatch dialog box will be displayed again. Select the Apply box to add the crosshatching to the drawing.
Page 34 of 34 References www.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.studymafia.org

More Related Content

PDF
AutoCAD Report 2021 (Internship Project)
Kumar Gaurav
 
PDF
Industrial Training report Civil Engineering.
JAPJEETSINGH13
 
DOCX
Autocad civil project file
naveen899
 
DOCX
training report on commercial building
Sumit Saini
 
PPTX
Self compacting concrete (scc)
y Sahaja
 
PDF
Autocad training report
Pawan Kumar
 
PPTX
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PRESENTATION FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING
Ram1239
 
PPTX
Building by laws
Sameer Thaiyam
 
AutoCAD Report 2021 (Internship Project)
Kumar Gaurav
 
Industrial Training report Civil Engineering.
JAPJEETSINGH13
 
Autocad civil project file
naveen899
 
training report on commercial building
Sumit Saini
 
Self compacting concrete (scc)
y Sahaja
 
Autocad training report
Pawan Kumar
 
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PRESENTATION FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING
Ram1239
 
Building by laws
Sameer Thaiyam
 

What's hot (20)

PDF
Autocad training report
NITISH KUMAR
 
PPTX
Autocad project ppt
Sourabh Gupta
 
PPTX
AutoCAD 2D training report
MECHANICAL HUB
 
PPTX
Auto cad ppt
CADD CENTRE DHARAMPETH NAGPUR
 
PPTX
Auto cad
Shoaibidd514
 
PPTX
Autocad training-n-developmen institute
soni nirman
 
PDF
Software training report on AutoCAD and Staad Pro. Civil Engineering
JAPJEETSINGH13
 
PPTX
Summer training in lucknow autocad
Arshit Rai
 
PDF
Construction of residential building
Sumit Singh
 
PDF
Staad.Pro Training Report or Summer Internship
Ravi Kant Sahu
 
PPTX
Advanced softwares used in civil engineering
Vinaykumar Koli
 
PPTX
Revit and Building Information Modeling (BIM) Presentation
ryanabarton
 
PDF
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Pro
gsharda123
 
PPTX
AutoCAD civil
Pradeep Aswani
 
PPTX
Autocad
Hemant Kumawat
 
PPT
Anurag Arpan (PPT on AutoCAD )
Anurag Arpan
 
PPTX
Revit architecture.
Prabhat Sharma
 
PDF
Revit architecture
Khalid Akbar Shah
 
PDF
Civil enginerring internship report
Zahid Khan
 
PDF
Robotics in construction
Saul Lustgarten
 
Autocad training report
NITISH KUMAR
 
Autocad project ppt
Sourabh Gupta
 
AutoCAD 2D training report
MECHANICAL HUB
 
Auto cad ppt
CADD CENTRE DHARAMPETH NAGPUR
 
Auto cad
Shoaibidd514
 
Autocad training-n-developmen institute
soni nirman
 
Software training report on AutoCAD and Staad Pro. Civil Engineering
JAPJEETSINGH13
 
Summer training in lucknow autocad
Arshit Rai
 
Construction of residential building
Sumit Singh
 
Staad.Pro Training Report or Summer Internship
Ravi Kant Sahu
 
Advanced softwares used in civil engineering
Vinaykumar Koli
 
Revit and Building Information Modeling (BIM) Presentation
ryanabarton
 
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Pro
gsharda123
 
AutoCAD civil
Pradeep Aswani
 
Autocad
Hemant Kumawat
 
Anurag Arpan (PPT on AutoCAD )
Anurag Arpan
 
Revit architecture.
Prabhat Sharma
 
Revit architecture
Khalid Akbar Shah
 
Civil enginerring internship report
Zahid Khan
 
Robotics in construction
Saul Lustgarten
 
Ad

Viewers also liked (20)

PDF
AUTOCAD Report
AMIT RAJ
 
PPSX
Solid work weldments modeling show
NormanFSimms
 
PPSX
Molds design show
NormanFSimms
 
PDF
Suitabilty of palm kernel shell as coarse aggregate in
Alexander Decker
 
PPSX
Solid work part modeling show
NormanFSimms
 
PDF
Thesis
Amanda Gilliland
 
PPTX
GREEN RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE (GRAC)
Dayal Kurian
 
PPTX
FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
manish jashnani
 
PPTX
Concrete mix design by k r thanki
Krunal Thanki
 
PDF
Spot speed studies and speed delay time survey
Sai Santosh Yakkali
 
PPTX
Composite Material Definition & Applications
Hany G. Amer
 
PDF
Concrete mix design
AHMED NADIM JILANI
 
PDF
Use of Plastics and E-waste in Concrete
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
 
PPTX
BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS WITH COCONUT SHELL AS COARSE AGGREGATES
Eswari Kasil
 
PDF
Concrete design mix (ss)
Kezar Ali. Shah
 
PPT
AutoCAD 2014 Introduction
TUOS-Sam
 
PPTX
fiber reinforced concrete
gopichand's
 
PPT
Recycled Aggregate Concrete
NEELANJAN SARKAR
 
PPTX
Use of Waste Materials As a replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Mix
Nitin Yadav
 
PPTX
fly ash and rubber in concrete ( eco-friendly concrete)
Koppolu Abishek
 
AUTOCAD Report
AMIT RAJ
 
Solid work weldments modeling show
NormanFSimms
 
Molds design show
NormanFSimms
 
Suitabilty of palm kernel shell as coarse aggregate in
Alexander Decker
 
Solid work part modeling show
NormanFSimms
 
Thesis
Amanda Gilliland
 
GREEN RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE (GRAC)
Dayal Kurian
 
FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
manish jashnani
 
Concrete mix design by k r thanki
Krunal Thanki
 
Spot speed studies and speed delay time survey
Sai Santosh Yakkali
 
Composite Material Definition & Applications
Hany G. Amer
 
Concrete mix design
AHMED NADIM JILANI
 
Use of Plastics and E-waste in Concrete
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
 
BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS WITH COCONUT SHELL AS COARSE AGGREGATES
Eswari Kasil
 
Concrete design mix (ss)
Kezar Ali. Shah
 
AutoCAD 2014 Introduction
TUOS-Sam
 
fiber reinforced concrete
gopichand's
 
Recycled Aggregate Concrete
NEELANJAN SARKAR
 
Use of Waste Materials As a replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Mix
Nitin Yadav
 
fly ash and rubber in concrete ( eco-friendly concrete)
Koppolu Abishek
 
Ad

Similar to Rayat institute of engineering and information technology(final) (20)

PDF
Mech auto cad-report.ppt
RanjithMR5
 
PPTX
AutoCAD is a 2D and 3D computer desi.pptx
innocentvk155
 
PDF
rajkumar report on the basis of auto cad and briefly introduction of auto cad
gauravkumawat0306
 
PPSX
Autocad training-institut-4432589
Azhar khan
 
PPTX
Top 10 AutoCAD Facts You Need to Know
kavyagaur3
 
PPTX
Autocad basics
ADMEC Multimedia Institute
 
PPT
AutoCAD.ppt for Engineering purposes & Designing
ahmedalee4537
 
PDF
Autocad_Powerpoint_Presentation.new.pdf
sunilreddypapijenni
 
PPTX
INTERSHIP PPT.pptx
AminMemon7
 
PPTX
The differences and similarities between autocad and autodesk
Bluechip Gulf IT Services
 
PDF
“Analysis and Planning of Residential Building by Using AutoCAD and Revit.”
IRJET Journal
 
PPTX
Introduction of Industrial Designing Software by ZENUS INFOTECH
ZENUS INFOTECH INDIA PVT. LTD.
 
PPTX
Naresh ppt{intenship}.pptx
NareshKambala
 
PPTX
autocad.pptx
Careerclassroom
 
PPT
AutoCAD Training in Lucknow | AutoCAD Course in Lucknow
siksha0690
 
PPSX
Kapilppt auto cad_show
Kapil Kumar
 
PDF
Designing Using AUTOCAD
BESTECH SOLUTIONS
 
PDF
autocadppt-151121135049-lva1-app6891 (1).pdf
NareshKambala
 
PPTX
Auto cad ppt
CADD CENTRE DHARAMPETH NAGPUR
 
PPTX
Basics of autocad
Sanjeev Kumar
 
Mech auto cad-report.ppt
RanjithMR5
 
AutoCAD is a 2D and 3D computer desi.pptx
innocentvk155
 
rajkumar report on the basis of auto cad and briefly introduction of auto cad
gauravkumawat0306
 
Autocad training-institut-4432589
Azhar khan
 
Top 10 AutoCAD Facts You Need to Know
kavyagaur3
 
Autocad basics
ADMEC Multimedia Institute
 
AutoCAD.ppt for Engineering purposes & Designing
ahmedalee4537
 
Autocad_Powerpoint_Presentation.new.pdf
sunilreddypapijenni
 
INTERSHIP PPT.pptx
AminMemon7
 
The differences and similarities between autocad and autodesk
Bluechip Gulf IT Services
 
“Analysis and Planning of Residential Building by Using AutoCAD and Revit.”
IRJET Journal
 
Introduction of Industrial Designing Software by ZENUS INFOTECH
ZENUS INFOTECH INDIA PVT. LTD.
 
Naresh ppt{intenship}.pptx
NareshKambala
 
autocad.pptx
Careerclassroom
 
AutoCAD Training in Lucknow | AutoCAD Course in Lucknow
siksha0690
 
Kapilppt auto cad_show
Kapil Kumar
 
Designing Using AUTOCAD
BESTECH SOLUTIONS
 
autocadppt-151121135049-lva1-app6891 (1).pdf
NareshKambala
 
Auto cad ppt
CADD CENTRE DHARAMPETH NAGPUR
 
Basics of autocad
Sanjeev Kumar
 

Recently uploaded (20)

PDF
July 2025 - Top 10 Read Articles in International Journal of Software Enginee...
sebastianku31
 
DOCX
ASol_English-Language-Literature-Set-1-27-02-2023-converted.docx
AYUSHMANAV
 
PPTX
OOP with Java - Java Introduction (Basics)
Rashmi T V
 
PDF
Automation-in-Manufacturing-Chapter-Introduction.pdf
pcmth867
 
PPTX
UNIT 4 Total Quality Management .pptx
gokuld13012005
 
PPTX
CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOINFORMATION VISUALIZATION chapter1 NPTE (2).pptx
abhi1361yadav
 
PPTX
Geodesy 1.pptx...............................................
abhi1361yadav
 
PPT
CRASH COURSE IN ALTERNATIVE PLUMBING CLASS
rene militante
 
PPTX
Welding lecture in detail for understanding
sahilpoonia10
 
PPTX
IOT PPTs Week 10 Lecture Material.pptx of NPTEL Smart Cities contd
ssusera400e8
 
PDF
Well-logging-methods_new................
ZafriFarid
 
PPTX
Sustainable Sites - Green Building Construction
mhdumerali
 
PPTX
bas. eng. economics group 4 presentation 1.pptx
kiribakimoses1993
 
PPTX
Engineering Ethics, Safety and Environment [Autosaved] (1).pptx
MehrabTaseenTalukder
 
PDF
Digital Logic Computer Design lecture notes
CHINNASUNKAIAH1
 
PPTX
CYBER-CRIMES AND SECURITY A guide to understanding
Davies Chacko
 
PDF
Operating System & Kernel Study Guide-1 - converted.pdf
mranoninvisib16
 
PDF
BMEC211 - INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS-1.pdf
ryankakungu
 
PDF
Model Code of Practice - Construction Work - 21102022 .pdf
AinieButt1
 
PPTX
Recipes for Real Time Voice AI WebRTC, SLMs and Open Source Software.pptx
Alberto González Trastoy
 
July 2025 - Top 10 Read Articles in International Journal of Software Enginee...
sebastianku31
 
ASol_English-Language-Literature-Set-1-27-02-2023-converted.docx
AYUSHMANAV
 
OOP with Java - Java Introduction (Basics)
Rashmi T V
 
Automation-in-Manufacturing-Chapter-Introduction.pdf
pcmth867
 
UNIT 4 Total Quality Management .pptx
gokuld13012005
 
CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOINFORMATION VISUALIZATION chapter1 NPTE (2).pptx
abhi1361yadav
 
Geodesy 1.pptx...............................................
abhi1361yadav
 
CRASH COURSE IN ALTERNATIVE PLUMBING CLASS
rene militante
 
Welding lecture in detail for understanding
sahilpoonia10
 
IOT PPTs Week 10 Lecture Material.pptx of NPTEL Smart Cities contd
ssusera400e8
 
Well-logging-methods_new................
ZafriFarid
 
Sustainable Sites - Green Building Construction
mhdumerali
 
bas. eng. economics group 4 presentation 1.pptx
kiribakimoses1993
 
Engineering Ethics, Safety and Environment [Autosaved] (1).pptx
MehrabTaseenTalukder
 
Digital Logic Computer Design lecture notes
CHINNASUNKAIAH1
 
CYBER-CRIMES AND SECURITY A guide to understanding
Davies Chacko
 
Operating System & Kernel Study Guide-1 - converted.pdf
mranoninvisib16
 
BMEC211 - INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS-1.pdf
ryankakungu
 
Model Code of Practice - Construction Work - 21102022 .pdf
AinieButt1
 
Recipes for Real Time Voice AI WebRTC, SLMs and Open Source Software.pptx
Alberto González Trastoy
 

Rayat institute of engineering and information technology(final)

  • 1. 1 Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology Railmajra, INDIA AUTO CAD REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR Six Month Industrial Training At IMPACT ENGINEERS, Mohali (19-04-2016 to 19-07-2016) SUBMITTED BY Yogesh Thakur Mechanical Engineering 1248936 Mechanical Engineering Department
  • 2. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The success ofmy project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of my project manager. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental would in the successfulcompletion of this project. I like to show my great appreciation to my project in-charge, Mr . I am very thankful to him for the tremendous and help. I feel motivated and encouraged every time I support his meeting. Without his suggestions and guidance this project work would not have been materialized. Yogesh Thakur
  • 3. 3 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the Software Project entitled “ Auto Cad ” in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technologyin Mechanical Engineering affiliated to Punjab Technical University,Jalandhar and submitted to the Departmentof Mechanical Engineering of Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology, Ropar, is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from Jan 2016 to June 2016. The matter represented in this report has not been submitted by me for award of any other degree of this or any other institute/university This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the bestof our knowledge. Date : Name - Yogesh Thakur Roll No . - 1248936
  • 4. 4 Preface I have made this report file on the topic AutoCAD; I have tried my best to elucidate all the relevant detail to the topic to be included in the report. While in the beginning I have tried to give a general view about this topic. My efforts and wholehearted co-corporation of each and every one has ended on a successful note. I express my sincere gratitude to HARPREET SINGH who assisting me throughout the preparation of this topic. I thank him for providing me the reinforcement, confidence and most importantly the track for the topic whenever I needed it.
  • 5. 5 Contents Sr. No. Title Page No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Introduction to Auto CAD History of Auto CAD Auto CAD and Architecture Features Auto CAD Advantages Disadvantages of Auto CAD Auto CAD Entity Types and Descriptions Differences between CAD and Auto CAD Basic Drawing Commands for Auto CAD Text Alignment Options References 6 7 8 9-11 12-13 14-16 17-18 19-31 32-33 34
  • 6. 6 Introduction AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting — available since 1982 as a desktop application and since 2010 as a mobile web- and cloud-based app marketed as AutoCAD 360. Developed and marketed by Autodesk, Inc., AutoCAD was first released in December 1982, running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers. Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal. AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, and other professionals. It is supported by 750 training centers worldwide as of 1994. As Autodesk's flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide. As of 2014, AutoCAD is in its twenty-ninth generation, and collectively with all its variants, continues to be the most widely used CAD program throughout most of the world.
  • 7. 7 History AutoCAD was derived from a program begun in 1977 and released in 1979 called Interact CAD, also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which was written prior to Autodesk's (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Mike Riddle. The first version by the AutoDesk Company was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and released that December. The 2016 release marked the 30th major release for the AutoCAD for Windows. The 2014 release marked the fourth consecutive year for AutoCAD for Mac. AutoCAD Architecture features Get more in a suite Walls, doors, and windows Draw walls, doors, and windows that mimic real-world behavior and construction. Sections and elevations Generate 2D sections and elevations directly from your floor plans.
  • 8. 8 Architectural design documentation Create and annotate drawings with detail components and keynoting tools.
  • 9. 9 The AutoCAD Advantage Striker Systems sheet metal fabrication products are available as a plug-in to AutoCAD or, for non-AutoCAD users, as a stand-alone solution based on the AutoCAD OEM Engine. Either way, this combination provides a unique CAD/CAM environment with features not found in many conventional manufacturing products. Removal of Data Translations Striker Systems provides a truly integrated CAD/CAM solution that supports the entire manufacturing process from initial part design through the generation of NC programs with no data translations required. And unlike many manufacturing software products with limited design capability, Striker Systems includes an advanced engineering system for the most demanding sheet metal design requirements. Solid Works / Solid Edge / Inventor Compatibility The industry is rapidly embracing 3D solid modeling technology. Being based on Autodesk’s industry standard DWG file format, Striker Systems offers a level of compatibility not found in other manufacturing solutions. Many products, such as Inventor and Solid Works, support Striker’s standard DWG file format directly. And Striker also offers direct OLE links into Solid Works, Inventor and Solid Edge for seamless sharing of data.
  • 10. 10 Industry Standard Translators Many Striker Systems clients must accept drawings from a variety of sources. In the event it is necessary to import data from (or export data to) another CAD software, Striker Systems relies on the same industry standard DXF, IGES, and STEP translators that are found in AutoCAD. Autodesk is the author of the DXF file format and therefore defines this standard. And because AutoCAD is the most popular CAD software in the world, it is a benchmark for the development of translators by many other CAD software organizations. You are guaranteed the highest level of compatibility in the industry. Reduced Training Time/Cost Both the AutoCAD based and stand-alone Striker Systems products provide an enhanced user interface that will be immediately recognizable to individuals familiar with AutoCAD. They will readily adapt to the Striker environment thereby minimizing the learning curve. And for organizations that use AutoCAD as their engineering solution, it is not necessary for employees to learn multiple operating environments as they would with separate CAD and CAM solutions. Rapid Product Advancements Unlike the developers of stand-alone manufacturing products, the development team at Striker Systems is not forced to continually maintain and advance an underlying graphics database. The Striker graphics database is an AutoCAD engine, the world’s de facto standard CAD solution.
  • 11. 11 This allows the Striker Development Team to concentrate on feature development and advance software at a rapid pace.
  • 12. 12 The Disadvantages of AutoCAD Autodesk AutoCAD is one of the most popular computer-aided design (CAD) programs, and it creates accurate, professional drawings. However, the program falls short for computer modeling and graphic design. The application has modeling tools, as well as color and fills tools, but AutoCAD does not compare well to contemporary building information modeling (BIM), three-dimensional modeling or illustration software. Line o AutoCAD produces drawings using line and shape tools. Curves, arcs and straight lines produce the shapes, but AutoCAD cannot edit the line and location as freely as illustration programs-- editing and overlapping lines and lineweights is limited to a few options. In addition, AutoCAD creates drawings from only lines, never volumetric models, such as with BIM. Nevertheless, the application can produce precise three-dimensional geometry with limited material effects. Limited File Formats o Because AutoCAD is one of the leading CAD programs, it limits the number of file formats it can import or export, because Autodesk expects other programs to export to AutoCAD formats, such as DWG and DXF. Unfortunately, this creates problems when using other programs with more powerful tools and exporting the program to AutoCAD format-- geometry, color and effects are lost often.
  • 13. 13 Color, Fill and Texture o AutoCAD drawings and models can have color, fill and texture, using the line and hatch tools. However, the application limits the number of possible colors to 256 and the hatching provides only a handful of textures, so you cannot create photo realistic images like illustration programs. Instead, you can import image files and create material maps for AutoCAD renderings, but AutoCAD's rendering abilities cannot compete with three-dimensional modeling programs or illustration programs. Non-Parametric o AutoCAD provides tools to create three-dimensional models, but editing the models requires many steps, unlike BIM parametric models, which automatically adjust all of the model components while editing elements. Furthermore, information is not attached to the models, such as with BIM parametric models-- BIM gives the designer data about the material and volumetric properties of the building project.
  • 14. 14 AutoCAD Entity Types and Descriptions There are two formats used by AutoCAD: DXF (drawing exchange format) files, which are large; and ASCII representations of the binary DWG (drawing) files. Logically, both files are identical and, therefore, the FME treats both file types in the same manner. For AutoCAD DWF reading and writing support please see the chapter on AutoCAD DWF. AutoCAD files consist of sections, as follows: 1. HEADER: This contains settings of variables associated with the drawing. 2. CLASSES: This contains class definitions associated with the drawing. 3. TABLES: This contains a variety of tables, including: o Layers: Each layer entry contains layer definition information such as layer color, layer name, and layer linetype. The AutoCAD reader validates the layer names and may modify them to remove invalid characters. o Line types: Each line type entry contains the line type definition information such as name and alignment. The AutoCAD writer enables line type definitions to be copied from an existing AutoCAD file, then referenced by name during the data translation.
  • 15. 15 o Shape Files: Each shape file entry identifies a shape file referenced by the drawing. Shape files are used by AutoCAD as a different method for defining symbols or fonts. Note: These are similar to the TextStyles in AutoCAD. AutoCAD shape files are not the same thing as Esri Shapefiles. AutoCAD shape files store symbol and font definitions. o Applications: Each application entry contains the name of an application referenced within the AutoCAD file. 4. BLOCKS: These are used to define symbols and other drawing file objects used repeatedly throughout a drawing. The AutoCAD writer enables copying of block definitions from an existing AutoCAD file, which is then referenced by name during a data translation operation. 5. ENTITIES: This is the main section of a drawing file and contains the actual feature entities. Each entity contains standard information, such as its color, layer, linestyle, and geometry, as well as a number of attributes specific to its entity type. For example, all 2D entities have thickness, while a text entity has fields for font, size, and the text string in addition to the standard display attributes.
  • 16. 16 FME supports both 2D and 3D AutoCAD entities. However, many applications only support 2D DWG and DXF files. The 2DForcer transformer can be used to ensure that only 2D data is written to an output DWG or DXF file. 6. OBJECTS: This section stores dictionaries and other helper non-entity objects. Each entity may also have associated attribution stored within an extended entity data section. FME supports reading and writing of extended entity data. Each entity may also have associated attribution stored within XRecord objects in an extension dictionary section. FME supports reading and writing XRecord data from entities. All coordinates within a drawing file are stored as 64-bit floating point values in world coordinates. As such, there is no need to scale or otherwise alter coordinates as they are being read from or written to a drawing file. The AutoCAD reader and writer use symbolic names for the different entity types stored within a drawing file. This simplifies feature type specification. The following table gives a brief description of each of the different AutoCAD entity types currently supported by the reader and/or writer. The entities are described in detail in subsequent sections.
  • 17. 17 What Is the Difference Between CAD and AutoCAD? Computer-aided design (CAD) is the general term that applies to the use of computers in the design of houses, office buildings, interiors and anything else that previously required hands-on drafting. AutoCAD is a specific piece of software used by many architects and designers for commercial design purposes. Read on to find out about the uses of CAD and AutoCAD. Schools offering CAD and AutoCAD Overview AutoCAD is software that utilizes computer-aided design (CAD) principles in the modeling of buildings, manufactured goods, urban infrastructure and even fashion design. If you are an architect or designer, you might use AutoCAD software to create 2- and 3-dimensional drafts of custom home designs or renovations. If you work as a civil engineer, you can use AutoCAD software to design improvements in roadways and make cities and towns more energy-efficient. Other industries and professions that employ CAD and make use of AutoCAD software include manufacturing, automotive technology and engineering. Types of CAD Depending on the type of work you perform, there are different forms of CAD that you could employ. Drafts that are 2-dimensional are flat, while 3-dimensional and 2.5- dimensional drawings show the depth and space of a design. You might use wireframe,
  • 18. 18 surface and solid modeling to calculate the dimensions of a design or simulate what the inner structure of your design might look like. AutoCAD Software AutoCAD is a trademarked product of Autodesk. When you use AutoCAD, you have the ability to draft 2-D and 3-D designs and create photorealistic rendering. Because different fields use AutoCAD in specific ways, there are several versions of the AutoCAD application for a variety of work types, such as architecture, mapping and piping design. Learning AutoCAD Software Technical schools or community colleges offer stand-alone courses in CAD that you can complete in a few weeks. You can also find CAD courses as part of a certificate or degree program, such as a fashion design or architecture program. You can enroll in courses and programs that specifically teach the AutoCAD application, though some schools might use other software, such as SolidWorks or TurboCAD, instead.
  • 19. 19 Autodesk also offers courses and training programs through authorized certification centers. These courses can prepare you to earn certification in AutoCAD from the vendor. Depending on your skill and knowledge level of the application, you can become an AutoCAD Certified User, AutoCAD Certified Associate or AutoCAD Certified Professional. Autodesk certification demonstrates your proficiency of the AutoCAD application. To continue researching, browse degree options below for course curriculum, prerequisites and financial aid information. Or, learn more about the subject by reading the related articles below: BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD Measuring Commands GRID: Displays a grid of dots at a desired spacing on the screen. Command: GRID (enter) On/Off/Tick spacing(x)/Aspect: (enter value) (enter) SNAP: Specifies a "round off" interval so that points entered with the mouse can be locked into alignment with the grid spacing.
  • 20. Page 20 of 34 Command: SNAP (enter) On/Off/Value/Aspect/Rotate/Style: (enter value) (enter) Basic Draw Commands CIRCLE: Draws circles of any size. Command: Circle (enter) 3P/2P/TTR/<center point>: (pick a center point) Diameter or <Radius>: (Pick a point on the circle) LINE: Draws straight lines between two points Command: LINE (enter) From Point: (pick a point using the mouse)
  • 21. Page 21 of 34 To Point: (Pick a point using the mouse) To Point: (Press return to end the command) ARC: Draws an arc (any part of a circle or curve) through three known points. Command: ARC (enter) Center/ < Start point > : (pick the first point on the arc) Center/End/ < Second point > : C Center: (pick the arc's center point) Angle/Length of chord/ <End point > : (pick the arc endpoint) Display Commands LIMITS: Sets the size of the drawing paper. For size "A" drawing paper the limits should be set for 10.5 x 8.
  • 22. Page 22 of 34 Command: LIMITS (enter) On/Off/Lower left corner <0.0000> (enter) Upper right corner: 10.5,8 (enter) ZOOM: Enlarges or reduces the display of a drawing. Command: ZOOM (enter) All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Left/Previous/Vmax/Window/<Scale(x/XP)>: (Pick a point to define one corner of a rectangular viewing window then pick a point to define the second point to define the opposite diagonal corner of the viewing window) Note: To return the picture to its original viewing size enter ALL and press the enter key when prompted instead of defining a window.
  • 23. Page 23 of 34 PAN: Allows you to move your view point around the drawing without changing the Magnification factor. Command: PAN (enter) BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD Editing Commands CHANGE: Alters properties of selected objects Command: CHANGE (enter) Select objects or window or Last (select objects to be changed) Properties/<Change point>: (type P) Change what property (Color/Elev/LAyer/LType/Thickness)? (type Layer) New Layer: (enter new layer name and press enter) ERASE: Erases entities from the drawing. Command: ERASE (enter) Select objects or Window or Last: (Select objects to be erased and press enter when finished)
  • 24. Page 24 of 34 EXTEND: Lengthens a line to end precisely at a boundary edge. Command: Extend (enter) Select boundary edge(s)... Select Objects (pick the line which represents the boundary edge which lines will be extended to) (Press enter when finished selecting cutting edges) <Select object to extend>/Undo: (pick the line(s) that need to be extended TRIM: Trims a line to end precisely at a cutting edge. Command: Trim (enter) Select cutting edge(s)... Select Objects (pick the line which represents the cutting edge of line in which objects will be trimmed to)
  • 25. Page 25 of 34 (Press enter when finished selecting cutting edges) <Select object to trim>/Undo: (pick the line(s) that need to be trimmed) GRIPS You can edit selected objects by manipulating grips that appear at defining points on the object. Grips are not a command. To activate grips simply pick the object. Small squares will appear at various entity-specific positions. By selecting an end grip you can stretch the entity to change its size. By selecting the center grip you can move the entity to a new location. To remove grips press CTL-C twice. You can perform the following using grips: Copy, Multiple Copy, Stretch, Move, Rotate, Scale, and Mirror. Creating Layers LAYER: Creates named drawing layers and assigns color and line type properties to those layers. Command: LAYER (enter) A Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box will be displayed. To add a new layer, pick the New button. A new layer listing appears, using a default name of Layer1. the layer name can be changed by highlighting the layer name. Colors and Linetypes can be assigned to each new layer by picking the color
  • 26. Page 26 of 34 box to assign a color and picking the linetype box to assign a line type. Standard AutoCAD colors 1 = Red 2 = Yellow 3 = Green 4 = Cyan 5 = Blue 6 = Magenta 7 = White Standard AutoCAD line types Hidden2 = hidden lines
  • 27. Page 27 of 34 Center2 = center lines Phantom2 = phantom or cutting-plane lines BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD Construction Commands ARRAY: Makes multiple copies of selected objects in a rectangular or circular pattern Command: ARRAY (enter) Select objects or Window or Last: (select object to array) Rectangular or Polar array (R/P) <current>: (P) Center point of array: (pick the point around which to form the array) Angle to fill (+=CCW, -=Cw) <360>: (enter) COPY: Draws a copy of selected objects. Command: COPY (enter) Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to be copied) Base point or displacement: (pick a point on the object to be used as a reference point) Second point of displacement: (pick a point which represents the new location of the copied object)
  • 28. Page 28 of 34 MIRROR: Makes mirror images of existing objects. Command: MIRROR (enter) Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to be mirrored) First point of mirror line: (pick a point on top of the mirror line) Second point: (pick a point on the bottom of the mirror line) Delete old objects? <N> y or n (enter)
  • 29. Page 29 of 34 MOVE: Moves designated entities to another location. Command: MOVE (enter) Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to move) Base point or displacement: (pick a point on the object to be used as a reference point) Second point of displacement: (pick a point which represents the new location of the object) OFFSET: Constructs an entity parallel to another entity at a specified distance. Offset can be used with lines, circles, arcs, and polylines. Command: OFFSET (enter) Offset distance or through <last>: (enter a distance value) Select object to offset: (select object to offset) Side to offset: (Pick any point on the side of the object you wish to offset)
  • 30. Page 30 of 34 FILLET: Changes any corner to a rounded corner. Command: FILLET Polyline/Radius/Angle/Trim/Method/ <Select first line > : (pick the first line) Select second line: (pick the second line) CHAMFER: Changes any corner to an angled corner. Command: CHAMFER Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/ < Select first line >: (pick the first line) Select second line: (pick the second line) OSNAP Instantly locates exact points relative to existing objects (points). Object Snap Modes: Endpoint, Midpoint, Center, Quadrant, Intersection, Insertion, Perpendicular, Tangent, Nearest, Node, and None.
  • 31. Page 31 of 34 BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD Placing lettering on a drawing TEXT: Draws text characters of any size. Command: TEXT (enter) Justify/Style/<Start point>: (pick a starting point or enter a justification letter) Height (0) (enter the height of the lettering) Rotation Angle (0) (enter) Text: (enter the desired lettering) (enter) Summary of Options <Start Point> Left-Justifies text along its baseline Justify Justifies text according to the alignment options Style Enters a new text style Null reply Enters a new line of text below the previous text. (Space or Enter key will give a Null reply)
  • 32. Page 32 of 34 Text Alignment Options Alignment Abbreviation Orientation Aligned A Aligns text between two points. Text height will adjust Automatically Fit F Fits text between two points. Text Height will not change Centered C Centers text at the baseline of a Specified point Middle M Centers text horizontally and vertically at the baseline of a specified point Right R Right Justify text at the baseline of a specified point Alignment Abbreviation Orientation Top Left TL Left Justifies text at the top of text Top Center TC Centers text at the top of text Top Right TR Right justifies text at the top to text Middle Left ML Left justifies text at the middle of Text Middle Center MC Centers text both horizontally and Vertically at the middle of the text Middle Right MR Right justifies text at the middle of Text Bottom Left BL Left justifies text at the bottom of Text Bottom Center BC Centers text a the bottom of text Bottom Right BR Right justifies text at the bottom of
  • 33. Page 33 of 34 Text The SPELL command will check the spelling of a group of text. Crosshatching a drawing BHATCH: Allows the user to crosshatch areas of a section view. Command: BHATCH(enter the Boundary Hatch dialogue Box will be displayed. Select the Hatch Options box. The Hatch Options box will be displayed. Select the Patterns box. The Choose Hatch Pattern box will be displayed. Select the desired hatch pattern. The Hatch Options box will be displayed again. You can select a scale and rotation angle for the crosshatch pattern. Select the OK box when finished. BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD The Boundary Hatch dialogue box will be displayed again. Select the Pick Points box. When prompted select the internal point of the display are to be crosshatched. Press the enter key when finished. The Boundary Hatch dialog box will be displayed again. Select the Apply box to add the crosshatching to the drawing.
  • 34. Page 34 of 34 References www.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.studymafia.org