Reactive Power Control and Methodes to control it
- 1. Voltage and Reactive Power Control Submitted By: Abhishek Chananiya (21EE02) Submitted To: Mr. Dinesh Kumar Meena Guide:Mrs.Indira Rawat
- 2. TOPICS • Introduction • Why We Need Compensators • Concept of Lagging and Leading VARs • Methods of Control 3 / 1 / 2 0 X X S A M PL E F O OT E R T E X T 2
- 3. Introduction 3 / 1 / 2 0 X X S A M P L E F O OT E R T E X T 3 A power system network is supposed to work efficiently in a continuously varying load conditions from 'NO LOAD' to 'OVERLOAD'. Voltage magnitude, frequency and flow of reactive power must be maintained in order to achieve balance operation of all machines operating in parallel.
- 4. 4 1. 🧲 What is Reactive Power (Q)? •Reactive power is the power that oscillates between the source and load—it doesn’t do real “work” (like lighting a bulb or turning a motor), but it’s essential for: • Creating magnetic fields in motors, transformers, etc. • Maintaining voltage levels across the system
- 5. 5 Purpose Explanation ⚡ Voltage Stability Reactive power maintains voltage magnitude. If voltage drops too low, devices stop working properly or even fail. 💡 Operation of Inductive Loads Motors, transformers, and inductors consume reactive power to work. Without it, they malfunction. 🌐 Power Transfer Capability You can’t transmit real power effectively over long distances without reactive power support. 🚨 Prevent Blackouts Poor voltage control and reactive power imbalances are major causes of system collapses. .
- 6. 6 3. 🔄 Reactive Power & Voltage Are Closely Linked •In AC power systems: •Q V ↔ • More reactive power → voltage rises • Less reactive power → voltage drops So, controlling reactive power is the main way to control voltage.
- 7. Why We Need Compensators As the generator is able to provide a certain amount of complex power from its side, sometimes it may happen that the required reactive power at the load side becomes higher than the generated reactive power at power plant. To satisfy this increased demand of reactive power and to stabilize the voltage at the receiving end we need compensators.
- 8. 8 Difference between Compensator and Control 1. Reactive Power Compensator •A device or system that provides reactive power to the electrical network. •Used to maintain voltage stability and improve power factor. •Common types: • Capacitor Banks (for lagging power factor correction) • Synchronous Condensers • Static VAR Compensators (SVC) • STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator)
- 9. 9 2. Reactive Power Control •A broader concept that refers to managing and regulating reactive power in the grid. •Ensures optimal voltage levels and reduces transmission losses. •Uses various methods: • Adjusting generator excitation • Switching capacitor banks on/off • Controlling SVCs, STATCOMs, or FACTS devices • Grid automation and SCADA-based control systems Key Difference •A compensator is a hardware device that supplies or absorbs reactive power. •Control is a strategy or system that manages reactive power distribution across the network.
- 10. What To Use As Compensator 1 0 There are two types of reactive power that is consumed or delivered by an element. 1. Leading Q or Leading VARS 2. Lagging Q or Lagging VARS To satisfy the requirement of leading/lagging VARS we use two CAPACITOR & INDUCTOR as compensators. Active power consumed by these two elements is zero(as q=90° in both cases)
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- 12. Capacitors 1 2
- 13. Inductor 1 3
- 14. In Ferranti effect also we connect shunt reactor so that extra lagging VARs supplied by capacitor can be consumed by it. 1 4
- 15. 0 4 / 0 6 / 2 0 2 5 S A M P L E F O OT E R T E X T 1 5 Methods of Voltage Control Change in Load Change in Current Change in Voltage Drop permissible voltage variation Change in Receiving end 6% Voltage 3 / 1 / 2 0 X X S A M PL E F O OT E R T E X T 1 5 Control of voltage at all levels is by control of Reactive power flow
- 16. S A M PL E F O OT E R T E X T 1 6 Methods 1. Excitation Control 2. Using Tap Changing of Transformer 3. Using Synchronous Condenser 3 / 1 / 2 0 X X
- 17. S A M PL E F O OT E R T E X T 1 7 EXCITATION CONTROL • Change in load changes the voltage drop in synchronous reactance which further changes the alternator terminal voltage • Field current of DC excitation is varied which varies the flux and induced emf • This method is suitable for short lines 3 / 1 / 2 0 X X
- 18. 1 8 Using Tap Changing of Transformers • A number of tappings are provided secondary side of transformers • By changing the no. of turns, tappings are varied which further varies the voltage • Interruption of supply (off load) twice as many tappings (onload) as the voltage steps are some drawbacks
- 19. 1 9 Synchronous Condenser • Receiving end voltage can be controlled by installing synchronous condensers at the receiving end side • By varying the DC excitation, the leading KVAR supplied by synchronous condenser can be varied which partially or fully compensates lagging KVAR consumed by line and thus the receiving end voltage can be controlled
- 20. S A M PL E F O OT E R T E X T 2 0 3 / 1 / 2 0 X X
- 21. Thank you 3 / 1 / 2 0 X X S A M PL E F O OT E R T E X T 2 1